@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-122,
title = {Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) in the Malay Language},
author = {Tham Sin Wan and Victor CW Hoe and Mahmoud Danaee},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-122.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-122-Poster-Tham-Sin-Wan-updated-1ed4e12b358fca351a99d1a43ab864fc.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) Questionnaire is one of the most widely used instruments to measure compassion fatigue (CF) and compassion satisfaction (CS). The original 30-item English language version of the ProQOL needs to be adapted into local languages to assess the compassion fatigue and satisfaction of the healthcare personnel in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to translate and validate a cross-cultural adaptation of the ProQOL English language version into the Malay language, the main language that is spoken in Malaysia. 
Methods: Forward and backward translation of the questionnaire was conducted by three bilingual translators (English-Malay). The cross-cultural adaptation followed strictly Herdman 's guideline to achieve equivalence. Statistical validity and dimensionality analysis were completed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) based on the pilot study involving 155 nurses, followed by the reliability analysis using Cronbach 's alpha was employed. Results: The content validity index was 0.85. Reliability testing for each construct showed a Cronbach 's alpha value of 0.915 (Compassion satisfaction), 0.783 (Burnout), and 0.867 (Secondary Traumatic Stress), indicating that the Malay version of ProQOL is a reliable tool. From statistical validity and dimensionality analysis, the results indicate that the original version of the scale was not suitable for this sample. Thus, the scale was revised to improve the model fit. The final model showed a good fit (Relative ?2 = 2.637; TLI = 0.921; CFI = 0.933; RMSEA = 0.070). It is comprised of twenty items, nine belonging to the compassion satisfaction subscale, five to the burnout subscale, and six to the secondary traumatic stress subscale. Conclusions: The Malay version of the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess compassion fatigue and satisfaction in Malaysia.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya},
keywords = {compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire, ProQOL, validation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-123,
title = {Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among the Malaysian adults, 2006-2015},
author = {Kee Chee Cheong and Sumarni Mohd Ghazali and Tan Lay Kim and Nabilah Hanis Zainuddin1 and Nik Noor Syamimi Ismail and Lim Hui Li and Cheah Yong Kang and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-123.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Kee-Chee-Cheong-Poster-APCPH2022-P-123_final-13eddb5d0cdfb341a4771f46d9f273a0.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption is linked to cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancers, obesity and all-cause mortality. Although the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines recommended the consumption of at least two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetable daily in the adults, data from several National Health \& Morbidity Survey among the Malaysian adults showed remarkable low prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetable consumption. Hence, we aimed to determine the trend in fruit and vegetable consumption among the Malaysian adults between 2006 and 2015. Methods: We analysed the data from four nationally representative, cross-sectional national surveys, namely the Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance 2006 (MyNCDS-1), the National Health \& Morbidity Survey [NHMS] 2011, the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey [MANS] 2014 and NHMS 2015 in this study. The prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetable consumption between 2006 and 2015, and by sociodemographic trends (i.e. age group, sex, ethnicity and household income groups) of the Malaysian adults was assessed. Results: We observed a significant downward trend in the prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetable consumption among the Malaysian adults between 2006 and 2015 with each successive survey (3.9%, 4.1%, 1.1% and 2.9%, respectively) ( P _{trend}\<0.001). In all four surveys, the prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetable consumption increased significantly with household income and age. Conclusion: Our data showed decline trend in fruit and vegetable consumption among Malaysian adults over the 10 years period, suggesting the needs of continuous effort to strengthen the existing healthy eating campaigns. This will not only increase the public awareness about the importance of adequate fruit and vegetable consumption to maintain an optimal health, but also able to aid in the effort to reverse the observed decline trend.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Biomedical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru; School of Economics, Finance and Banking, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia},
keywords = {adults, Fruit and vegetable, Malaysia, trend},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-124,
title = {Trends of Dental Caries Status of 12-Year-old School Children in Sibu Division, Sarawak 2015-2019},
author = {Wong Siong Ting and Asmawati Sharkawi and Susan Mowe and Norkhafizah Saddki},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-124.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-124-0b044d75c22f2690937a9c6426ad9d3d.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases affecting most individuals worldwide during their life course despite being largely preventable. It shares many common risk factors, social and commercial determinants with non-communicable diseases. A recent national oral survey of school children in 2017 demonstrated that dental caries status of school children in Sarawak was generally poor compared to other states. There was no data at division and district levels, which is important for evidence-based planning of school oral health service in big states such as Sarawak with diverse ethnicities, cultural backgrounds, and lifestyles. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine dental caries status and treatment needs of 12-year-old school children under the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) comprehensive incremental oral health care program in Sibu Division, Sarawak from 2015 to 2019. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involved five different cohorts of 12-year-old school children enrolled in the Ministry of Education (MOE) primary schools in Sibu Division from 2015 to 2019. Data was extracted from the MOH Health Information Management System (HIMS) - Oral Health Sub-System. The diagnosis and reporting of dental caries status followed the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Results: There was an upward trend of caries free status among five different cohorts of 12-year-old school children over five-year period, from 64.2% (2015) to 71.0% (2019). On contrary, dental caries experience (mean DMFT) showed a reducing trend from 0.79 in 2015 to 0.58 in 2019. Dental caries treatment needs based on the mean decayed teeth (mean D) exhibited decreasing trend from 0.22 (2015) to 0.14 (2019). Discussion: Despite provision of dental treatment annually since Primary 1 in Sibu Division, there was still more than a quarter of them did not remain caries free by 2019. More pragmatic multi-sectoral approaches should be taken to address social and commercial determinants of dental caries to elevate oral health status of school children in Sibu Division to be on par with the Peninsular counterparts. It is hoped that this can chart the way forwards for sustainable oral health and lifetime smile, while ensuring strengthening of universal oral health coverage. Efforts should be taken to champion that all sectors are related to oral health for the best buy interventions. In conclusion, dental caries status of 12-year-olds in Sibu Division showed gradual improvement from 2015 to 2019. However, more need to be done to ensure sustainable orally-fit status following treatment completion.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sibu Divisional Dental Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Sibu Divisional Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia; School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia},
keywords = {caries free, Dental caries, DMFT, Sarawak, Sibu},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-125,
title = {Trends on sociodemographic Profiles of Patients Attending Psychiatric clinics in State Government Hospitals in Malaysia before and during COVID-19 Pandemic},
author = {Nur Hasnah Ma'amor and Nor Asiah Muhamad and Norliza Chemi and Fatin Norhasny Leman and Izzah Athirah Rosli and S Asmaliza Ismail and Norni Abdullah and Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-125.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: In Malaysia, the prevalence of mental health problem for adult and child are 29.2% and 12.1%, respectively. Many factors trigger the occurrence of the problem, including the global COVID-19 pandemic which has a substantial impact on the increase in prevalence of psychiatric patients. 
Objectives: To study the sociodemographic profiles of patients attending psychiatric departments in government hospitals in Malaysia. 
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2021. Data from psychiatric patients attended government psychiatric departments from 2018 through 2021 were retrieved from data house. Data were deanonymized before analysis. 
Results: A total of 14,385 patients were identified, of which 12,154 (84.5%) were male and 2,231 (15.5%) were female. Participants mean age was 36.75 years old (SD 12.38). Majority of the patients had secondary education (42.5%), whereas a significant percentage of the patients had no formal education (29.3%). Many were unemployed (36.0%) and a large number of patients (44.9%) started to substance abuse in the teenage years. The most common reasons for initiation of substance abuse were peer pressure, joy seeking and relaxation. The mean number of attended appointments in a year is 3.33 times (SD 3.40) ranging from 0 to 56. Conclusions: The increase admission to psychiatric departments among educated society and large proportion of teenagers-initiated drug abuse are a great concern and inquires immediate preventive measures and quality of life improvement to individuals, families and the society.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Evidence-based healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Psychiatry, Kajang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia; Office of the Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Psychiatry, Klang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia, Clinical Research Centre, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kedah, Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, psychiatric illnesses, substance abuse},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-126,
title = {Under-Reported Adverse Effects Following Immunization Post Covid-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers and Its Associated Factors in District Health Office Bera},
author = {Maznun Binti Mat Jidin @ Mohd Tahar and Sakinah Md. Rifin and Aidil Asyraf Bin Mohamed and Yaw Shi Ming and Tiew Kee Fong and Muhammad Azhar Bin Abdul Muhaba},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-126.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-AEFI-PKD-Bera-b9f367b34c8c969873897546550ad0da.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Under-reported adverse effect following immunization (AEFI) among healthcare workers (HCWs) for various reasons are common. Following the surveillance of AEFI to COVID-19 vaccination national program, it is important to determine the AEFI reporting practices among HCWs. There are limited studies on under-reported AEFI post COVID-19 vaccination among the HCWs in Malaysia. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of under-reported AEFI to COVID-19 vaccination among HCWs in District Health Office (DHO) Bera, the reasons and the associated factors. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in DHO Bera from 1st November until 31st December 2021. Universal sampling was done. The study tool used was a validated self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected using Google Form application. The prevalence of under-reported AEFI and the reasons were determined using descriptive analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the factors associated with under-reported AEFI. p -value less than 0.05 with 95% CI was taken as statistical significance level. Results: Only 190 respondents answering the questionnaire making the response rate was only 50%. Majority of the respondent were Malay (89.5%), below 40 year-old (77.9%), female (71.1%), worked at clinical setting (90.0%) and less than 15 years of services (72.6%). Majority of the respondents (71.1%) developed AEFI and more than half (51%) of the AEFI were local reactions but approximately two-third (67.4%) did not report AEFI. The main reasons for not reporting were the thought that the AEFI was not serious enough to be reported (41.1%) and reporting AEFI may cause unnecessary alarm to the public (4.2%). Gender ( p =0.048) and ethnicity ( p =0.018) were found to be significantly associated with under-reporting AEFI using simple logistic regression. After controlling for other factors, only ethnicity remained significantly associated with under-reporting AEFI with the Malay HCWs were found to be 3 times more likelihood not to report AEFI ( p =0.028). Discussions: This study was conducted during high numbers of cases in COVID-19 pandemic in which the HCWs were having heavy workload and therefore explaining the poor response rate. The majority of AEFI were local reactions, similar with the nationwide findings on AEFI. However, the poor AEFI reporting practices among the HCWs are worrisome as these may reflect their practices in reporting AEFI among the public. Even though the AEFI was mild, it should be emphasized the importance of reporting any AEFI occurrence. Our study showed that there was ethnic disparity in reporting AEFI where the Malay HCWs were 3 times less likely to report AEFI compared to non-Malay. This result was comparable to previous study where different pattern of reporting among white parents than African-American and Hispanic parents were found. However, other factors were found to be not significantly associated with under-reporting AEFI, which was similar with previous studies. Continuous education and clinical audit should be conducted to the HCWs to ensure the AEFI reporting practices improve in the future. Future studies could be conducted in a larger population of HCWs and also to the public as the COVID-19 immunization program had been conducted nationwide.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Klinik Kesihatan Triang, Triang, Bera, Pahang; Klinik Kesihatan Bandar 32, Sebertak, Bera, Pahang},
keywords = {AEFI, COVID-19 vaccination, healthcare workers, Under-reported},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-127,
title = {Utilization of Pharmacy Value-Added Services and Its Association with Waiting Time for Medication Collection in Public Health Institutions across Malaysia},
author = {Noraini Nordin and Mazuin Mahmud Taridi and Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan and Rozita Mohamad and Chan Huan Keat and Chan Pui Lim and Ong Chin Wen5 and Khairul Iman Muzakir and Azuana Ramli},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-127.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Utilization-of-Pharmacy-Value-Added-Services-and-Its-Association-811654529d4cec719746f9bf93b1d747.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Pharmacy value-added services (PVAS) have long been offered in public health institutions across Malaysia as an alternative to conventional counter services for prescription refills, with the aim to reduce the waiting time. 
Objective: To assess the utilization of the PVAS in individual health institutions, and its association with the achievement of the key performance indicator (KPI) set for the pharmacy waiting time. 
Method: This was a cross-sectional study based on the data contributed by 142 hospitals and 648 health clinics throughout 2018. The availability and uptake of the PVAS were summarized as percentages. The impacts of the PVAS uptake and the other institution-related factors on the KPI achievement were further explored using the logistic regression analysis. Results: Approximately 2.9 million (17.1%) of the refill prescriptions were dispensed via the PVAS. The appointment-and-pickup services (42.7%) and the Integrated Drug Dispensing System (23.7%) emerged as the most commonly used types of PVAS. A higher PVAS uptake was associated with a better KPI achievement (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98). In contrast, adding a new type of PVAS to the existing services yielded an opposite outcome (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.89). Both the prescription load and location of health institutions were also found have influenced the KPI achievement. Conclusion: The PVAS are generally well accepted in Malaysia and showed to have reduced the pharmacy waiting time. However, strategies to optimize the PVAS uptake are warranted.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pharmacy Policy and Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme; Pharmacy Department, Hospital Tunku Azizah; Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah; Pharmacy Division, Pahang State Health Department; Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah; Pharmacy Policy and Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme; Pharmacy Policy and Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme; Pharmacy Policy and Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme; Pharmacovigilance Section, National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency.},
keywords = {pharmacy, prescription load, public health, value added services, waiting time},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-128,
title = {Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and Vibrio Cholerae Non-01: An Outbreak In Kuantan District, Pahang},
author = {Roslaili Khairudin and Wan Rosmawati Wan Ismail and Teh Mutmainnah Md Suhaimi and Mohd Salleh Ibrahim and Ahmad Syahier Ahmad Nazrii and Mohd Rahim Sulong and Wan Abdul Rahim Wan Muhammad and Mohamed Sapian Mohamed},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-128.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Vibrio-Parahaemolyticus-and-Vibrio-Cholerae-Non-01-an-Outbreak-i-0569de521d66ec4d66b58b89aeec7cba.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Food and waterborne diseases (FWBD) are a disease caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or toxic chemical substances entering the body via contaminated food or water. According to WHO 2015, 1 in 10 people fall ill yearly with 33 million of health life years (DALYs) lost due to eating contaminated food. In Malaysia, FWBD incidence rate has been increasing each year from 44.9 in 2012 (mortality rate of 0/100,000) to 55.0/100,000 population in 2017 (mortality rate of 0.02/100,000). In Malaysia, there was an increase in FWBD cases by 23.7% from 401 cases in 2018 to 496 cases in 2019. A large number of food poisoning incidents in Malaysia occurred in schools and institutions. The contributing factors include neglecting the importance of food safety. Vibrio spp. is one of the infectious agents responsible for FWBD outbreak. This study aims to identify the source and factors associated with Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and Vibrio Cholerae Non-01 outbreak in Kuantan District and to recommend the prevention and control measures. 
Methods: A case was defined as those who had diarrhea and/or abdominal pain and/or vomiting within a period between 7 to 8 March 2021. Case findings were performed via both active and passive detection. Data was gathered using a standardised investigation format. Environmental investigations at the caterer 's kitchen were done. Clinical and environmental samples were sent to National Public Health Laboratory. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23). Results: A total of 97 cases were identified during the outbreak, with an attack rate of 48.5%. 81 (83.5%) had diarrhea, 69 (65.9%) had abdominal pain, and 29 (29.8%) had vomiting. About 15 cases (15.5%) were treated as an outpatient and no death was reported. The results showed that the food item that was significantly positive was mee soup (RR: 2.41; 95% CI 1.293, 4.503; p=0.001). Clinical samples from cases were positive for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae non- 01 . Conclusion: An outbreak of food poisoning resulted from poor adherence to food safety and hygiene practices leading to cross-contamination of the food served. The caterer and food handlers violated acceptable food safety and hygiene practices leading to possible bacterial contamination of food during preparation and handling.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuantan District Health Office, Kuantan, Pahang Pahang State Health Office, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Family Health Division, Ministry of Health, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya},
keywords = {Foodborne outbreak; vibrio parahaemolyticus; vibrio cholerae non-01; food and safety hygiene},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-129,
title = {Viral Hepatitis-HIV Co-Infection and their associated factors in Negeri Sembilan - a cross sectional study from HIV Case Registry},
author = {Siti Aishah Abas and Ahmad Taufik Jamil and Mohd Shahril Ahmad Saman and Mariam Mohammad and Sharifah Nor Ahmad},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-129.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/POSTER-VIRAL-HEPATITIS-HIV-CO-INFECTION-AND-THEIR-ASSOCIATED-FAC-b98524f64ade521a5c269dbf390f6714.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Viral Hepatitis HIV co-infection is an important and preventable cause of chronic liver disease. It is a significant health issue in the communities because by having them may lead to many consequences, especially for patient living in the wrenched conditions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Viral Hepatitis-HIV co-infection and determine the associated variables with this co-infection. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done by using HIV Case Registry (Anti Retroviral (ARV) line listing). We included 1274 patients who were seen under the HIV Clinic services and screened for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) upon registration to the service. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with SPSS were used to determine the factors that contribute to HBV-HIV and HCV-HIV co-infection, with odds ratios being used as the measures of association. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the tests. Results: From the 1274 HIV patients, the prevalence of HBV-HIV co-infection was 5.6% (71 cases), while the prevalence with HCV co-infection was 14.8% (189 cases). For the frequency of multiple HIV co-infection (N=238), the majority of 167 cases (70.17%) were HCV-HIV co-infected followed by 49 cases (20.5%) were HBV-HIV co-infected. In comparison, another 22 cases (9.24%) were co-infected with HBV-HCV-HIV. In the final model of HBV-HIV co-infection, only male gender, CD4 count category less than 199 cells/mm3 and primary care type of facilities were significantly associated with the disease. Whereas in the HCV-HIV co-infection, only male gender, Malay race, Intravenous Drug User (IVDU) modes of transmission, and source of the case from high-risk screening program were associated with the disease. Conclusion: Co-infection with HCV-HIV was more prevalent than HBV-HIV in our study population. A more frequent screening of HCV post HCV treatment shall be done as reinfection is anticipated in these patients if the high-risk behavior continues. Regarding patients with HBV-HIV co-infection, the HBV revaccination program should be carried out on those who are vulnerable to contracting this co-infection. Additionally, we should increase our primary care preventive efforts, as primary care clinics were the main healthcare facilities that most accessible to HBV-HIV co-infected patients.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, HIV, Sexually Transmitted Disease and Hepatitis C Unit, Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan},
keywords = {HBV, HCV, HIV, Viral Hepatitis HIV Co-Infection},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-130,
title = {Weight Management Program During Covid-19: Labuan Slim Fit Challenge},
author = {Gui Shir Ley and Elniee Melson and Nur Sabrina Zulkefli and Mohd Zaki Abd Hamid and Ismuni Bohari},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-130.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/E-Poster_APCPH2022-P-130-060dfaf29263b3fcf5cb31142097b0e1.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) reported that diet related NCDs account for 73% of all deaths in Malaysia (IPH, 2005). The NHMS 2019 also reported that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity and obesity among adults had increased since 2006. The prevalence of obesity among adults increased from 4.4% in 1996 to 14% in 2006; to 15.1% in 2011 and 17.7% in 2015 and 19.7% in 2019. The dominant risk factors for non-communicable diseases are behavioural; they relate to unhealthy diets and inadequate physical activity. At any circumstances, fitness and healthy eating should be a priority for all individuals to maintain good health, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, there were significant changes to lifestyle especially with physical activity and eating habits due to the movement control order. The usual weight management program need to be restructure to suit the new norms during the pandemic. 
Methods: 60 Days Slim Fit Challenge is a hybrid weight management program that was conducted from 1 October - 30 November 2021. The program included physical activity and nutrition module, health screening, body composition, fitness test and mental health screening. The participants were divided into 2 main groups, namely the normal BMI group dan overweight/obesity group. Individual that successfully reduced and achieved the targeted weight will be given a reward. Results: There was a total of 471 participants registered for the program. From the 471, 78% were found to be overweight / obese and 22% were in normal body mass index. 30% (n=149) of these participants follow through until the end of program. 78% from 149 were overweight/obese and 22% were in normal body mass index. From this 78% (n=117), 85% lost at least 1kg of body weight; 5% had a 10% reduction from their original body weight; 11% reached normal body mass index; 63% had reduction in body fat percentage. Discussion: This program was designed to be a hybrid weight management program, where most of the participants will attend theory classes for healthy eating through online platform, and conduct their own physical activity session. One of the monitoring systems on physical activity was the BookDoc application where the overweight and obese participants need to achieve 300000 steps in 60days. Diet recall and advice on diet history were conducted via online, so that participants can learn more about their daily diet. The challenges in this program being the drop out rate of almost 70%. Most of the participants not being able to come for the final measurement of body composition was caused by being a Covid-19 patient or subject to home quarantine due to being a close contact. Being a hybrid program although can be beneficial, but also depend a lot on the participant connectivity and internet usage. As a conclusion, weight management program which focuses on behavioral changes, will need a more holistic approach for participants to be more adherence to the intended program.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Labuan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-131,
title = {Workplace Conflicts as Predictors of Self-perceived Stress among Assistant Medical Officers: A National Survey},
author = {Nursyahda Zakaria and Nor Haniza Zakaria and Munirah Ismail and Lee Kun Yun},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-131.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022_P_131-9e74ebc4624a471d06ce2de205e3e7dd.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The work of assistant Medical Officers (AMOs) encompasses pre-hospital care, handling emergency and elective cases, as well as providing health promotion, all of which may predispose them to various stressors of the clinical setting. Workplace conflicts in the healthcare industry is unavoidable and can lead to long-term complicated emotional effects. Understanding the conflicts that AMOs face on a daily basis is crucial in developing effective conflict management methods in the healthcare setting. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stress and its relationship with different types of workplace conflicts among the AMO. 
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June-December 2019 among AMOs working in various Ministry of Health (MOH) facilities. Personal Stress Inventory (PSI) was used to determine the level of stress. Workplace conflicts in this study were obtained from previous literatures. Sample size was calculated using multistage stratified sampling. Complex sampling analysis was performed for data analysis. Results: Among the 1,839 AMOs who participated, 43.6% (n= 810) perceived themselves to be stressful (PSI score \> 36). A higher prevalence of stress was seen among AMOs who were younger, female gender, single, no children, low household income (B40), with comorbid, and from higher education level. Multivariate analysis showed that certain workplace conflicts, i.e. role ambiguity (AOR = 2.23; p \< 0.05), demanding patients or family members (AOR = 1.55; p \< 0.01), unclear job expectations (AOR = 1.43; p \< 0.05), fear of exposure to occupational hazards (AOR = 1.69; p \< 0.05), and work-family conflict (AOR = 2.10; p \< 0.01) were significant predictors of stress. Discussion: The results suggested that nearly half of the AMOs felt stressed at their workplace which may put them at risk of mental health conditions like anxiety and burnout. The perceived stress was more common among junior AMOs as they struggled to adjust with new working environment as well as those who were still single or childless as they lacked family support. Certain workplace conflicts increased the risk of developing stress. Thus, efforts should be made to address modifiable stressors to safeguard the mental health of AMOs and the quality of care for patients.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Management, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {Assistant Medical Officer, role ambiguity, stress, workplace conflict},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-15,
title = {Assessing Knowledge on Thalassaemia Among Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia Patients},
author = {Nur Azmiah Zainuddin and Tan Meng Wah and Nor Hasni Haron and Siti Sarah Syahirah Kushairi and Nurul Farhana Burhanudin and Nur Farahanim Mohd Tahir and Leong Hoon Hing and Lim V Co and Zulkarnain Abdul Karim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-15.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-for-APCPH-final-09ea5f6abbe325dade0a1935fcbe7caa.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Thalassaemia is a common public health problem in Malaysia and about 4.5 to 6% of the Malays and Chinese are carriers of this genetic disorder. Thalassaemia is classified into transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) or non-transfusion dependent (NTDT). As of November 2018, 8681 patients with thalassaemia have been registered in the Malaysia Thalassaemia Registry (MTR) and 7984 (91.8%) were reported to be alive. Comprehensive care has resulted in long-term survival, therefore patients need to be knowledgeable to cope with the disease. Therefore, this study aims to assess patients' knowledge on both thalassaemia disease and treatment. 
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on transfusion dependent thalassaemia patients aged 18 years and older from seven public hospitals in Malaysia. Patients who are able to understand Malay or English and consented to the study were invited to answer a self-administered questionnaire from Thalassaemia Module First Edition 2017 produced by Family Health Development Division with Health Education Division, Ministry of Health for assessing their knowledge. The questionnaire comprised 40 questions. Participants ' knowledge about thalassaemia was assessed in two parts namely about the disease and treatment. Each part consists of five domains with a total of 20 questions. Patients were required to answer true or false for each statement. Each question, a correct response was given a score of one, and an incorrect was scored as zero, given a total possible score of 0-40, with higher scores indicating better knowledge. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparisons of means. Values of p \< 0.05 were considered significant. 
RESULTS: A total of 273 patients with a mean age of 29.9 (SD ± 9.66) years with 1.2 females per male was included in this study. Malay is the highest ethnic group, followed by Chinese and Kadazan-Dusun at 68, 24 and five percent respectively. Half of the respondent attained tertiary education and received a single agent for iron chelating therapy (ICT). Findings showed 59% of the patient scored high knowledge (score \>15) on thalassaemia disease, however only 13% scored high knowledge about treatment. The mean total knowledge score of 25.8 out of possible score of 40 may reflect a general lack of knowledge among the study participants. How thalassaemia inherited and prevented as well as side effects of ICT had the lowest right answers. Education level and ICT showed statistically significant differences in total knowledge score. Patients with no formal education and receiving Deferasirox (DFX) as oral single dose agent, had the lowest mean (23.9 ±4.94) (23.7 ±6.37) respectively. DISCUSSION: Knowledge deficits regarding the inheritance of thalassaemia, make integral part of any public educational intervention should be information on the heredity of thalassaemia. Knowledge on possible treatment for thalassaemia might be the key for better compliance among patients. Interventions to increase knowledge of thalassaemia should be concentrated more in the low- educated groups because understanding thalassaemia might be more difficult for them.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research; Hospital Kuala Lumpur; Hospital Selayang; Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II; Hospital Bukit Mertajam; Hospital Melaka; Hospital Queen Elizabeth; Hospital Ampang; National Institutes of Health},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-24,
title = {Characteristics of PLHIV who Contracted Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya},
author = {Mohd Erfan Edros and Ismawati Ismail and Raudah Abd Rahman and Hanisah Mustapa and Norhanismar Hashim and Mohd Tarmizie Nawi and Azizul Payiman},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-24.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-2022-Erfan-FINALE-85b5b069b1031454230e861f73368400.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: People living with HIV (PLHIV) is known to be very susceptible at contracting other infection, including tuberculosis (TB). HIV weakens the immune system, thus increasing the risk of TB in them. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of PLHIV who are infected with pulmonary tuberculosis in Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya. METHODS: A descriptive analysis was conducted using HIV care database of PLHIV under care from January 2004 to December 2021 at all governmental health clinics in Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya. RESULTS: There was a total number of 5,563 PLHIV registered under care, of which 5,448 (98%) had undergone screening for pulmonary tuberculosis and 462 (8%) were reported to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Ninety-six percent were recorded to be of Malaysian citizenship. The majority of cases were Malay (67%), 91% were males and 62% belonged to the age group of 30 to 49 years old, with the mean age of 44 years old. The main key population was men who have sex with men (MSM) which represented 38% of all cases, and homosexuality was the main risk factor of all (35%). From 462 PLHIV who were co-infected with TB, 54% was found to be having very low CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 upon diagnosis. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis amongst PLHIV in Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya was found to be 8%. PLHIV who contracted pulmonary tuberculosis were mainly Malay, aged 30 to 49 years old and homosexuals. Targeted intervention is needed to prevent the risk of developing TB in these high risk groups.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: HIV/STI/Hep.C Unit, Public Health Division Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya Health Department},
keywords = {characteristics, PLHIV, Pulmonary Tuberculosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-23,
title = {Cancer Costs Among the Lower-Income Group: Findings From a Pilot and Feasibility Study},
author = {Farhana Aminuddin and Mohd Shahri Bahari and Ainul Nadziha Mohd Hanafiah and Nur Azmiah Zainuddin and Nor Zam Azihan Mohd Hassan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-23.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH_Farhana-0f4ad345deeb39a5d6c3d821dd809992.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background. Cancer imposes a number of burdens on patients including health and finances, especially those in the lower-income group (B40). The financial expenses incurred range from medical and non-medical costs and possible loss of wages. These warrant attention by the government and with the PeKa B40 program in place, affected cancer patients are benefitting through the Completing Cancer Treatment Incentive (CCTI) \& Transport Incentive (TI). This study aimed to examine the feasibility of obtaining detailed cost information among the B40 cancer patients and hypothetically assess the impact of PeKa B40 incentives. 
Methodology. A cross-sectional pilot study was carried out at Hospital Kuala Lumpur between September and October 2020. This study employed a 40 sample size, as being a pilot study and used a convenience sampling technique to elicit data from cancer patients who attended the study site for treatment. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics and costs were collected from the patient 's perspective using a structured questionnaire. The costs data collected encompassing direct medical costs (i.e., hospital stay, procedures, medical items), direct non-medical costs (i.e., transportation, supplemental foods, childcare) and indirect costs (productivity loss). 
Results. Obtaining detailed cost information required for the analysis was made possible. The mean total annual cost of cancer was estimated at RM7955 (US$1916) per patient per year. Direct non-medical cost accounted for 46.1%, the highest of the total mean annual cost and plays the largest role in driving patient cost. Supplemental food and transportation costs were the major contributors to the total non-medical costs. While 17.9% and 36.0% of the mean total annual cost were attributed to direct medical cost and indirect cost, respectively. The hypothetical analysis of the PeKa B40 program showed that a one-off payment of RM1,000 of CCTI may contribute around 23.58% of the annual total direct costs and a TI of up to RM500 could contribute around 58.86% of the annual transportation cost. Discussion. Estimation of the total costs of cancer-related care for the B40 cancer patients is feasible. This explains the ongoing efforts to better understand the financial burden of affected cancer patients which supports the suitability to conduct the full-scale study by including larger study populations. The estimation of the cancer-related costs borne by patients highlighted that the non-medical cost was dominant in causing financial burden. The analysis of the impact of PeKa B40 incentives has shown that the government has placed attention on reducing the heavy burden of affected B40 cancer patients, by addressing their financial needs and assistance to become part of treatment conversations.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre of Health Economics Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH); Policy and International Relations Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Centre of Health Policy Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH)},
keywords = {B40 cancer patients, Direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost, feasibility study, indirect cost},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-22,
title = {Burnout Level and Sleep Deprivation Among Shift-Working AMO},
author = {Nursyahda Zakaria and Nor Haniza Zakaria and Munirah Ismail and Lee Kun Yun},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-22.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/apcph-2022-slee_59214231-719cb49bf6b2eb2e40c1349e3c8892df.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Shift work refers to a wide range of non-standard work schedules, including on-call/ overnight duty, rotational timetables, and permanent night work that requires early rising from night-time sleep. Misalignment between the core circadian physiology and the work schedule due to shift work can result in sleepiness, sleep interruption, and sleep deprivation. Shift work is common among healthcare workers (HCW) to ensure round-the-clock healthcare services for quality patient care. Physical and mental health such as cardiovascular morbidity, burnout, and metabolic syndrome have been documented among many HCW. Assistant Medical Officers (AMO) are the backbones in many healthcare departments, including Accident and Emergency, Operation Theatre, and Primary Care. This study aimed to examine the effects of sleep deprivation and level of burnout among shift working AMO. 
Methodology: A national cross-sectional study using Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was conducted among AMOs working in Ministry of Health facilities from July to November 2019. Multistage stratified sampling was used to recruit 2033 study participants from 32 hospitals and 28 district health offices. Complex sampling analysis was performed. Results: A response rate of 90.4 % (n= 1839) was obtained from the sampled population, in which 390 of them followed a shift work schedule. More than one-third (36.0%) of the AMOs working on shifts reported to have severe sleep deprivation with less than 6 hours of sleep with another one-quarter (24.9%) having only 6 to 7 hours of sleep daily. Among the AMOs with inadequate sleep (7 hours or less), 35.8% suffer from burnout symptoms. The prevalence of burnout was higher among sleep-deprived AMOs who performed more than five double shifts per month (51.3%) compared to those with only four double shifts or less (21.1%). Univariate analysis shows that AMOs on more than 7 night shifts and more than 5 double shifts per month were 2.1 and 3.6 times more likely to develop burnout. Additionally, shift-working AMOs who were older (more than 40 years old) and had longer years of service (more than 10 years) were also 3.5 and 2.3 times more likely to develop burnout than their counterparts. Discussion/Conclusion: This study highlights the lack of sleep among AMOs working in shift and its association with a higher prevalence of burnout. With increasing patient load and human resource constraint, more AMOs are required to work on double shifts, putting them at risk of burnout. Apart from modified work rotation schedules that allow adequate rest time to recuperate, long term strategies need to consider proper human resource projection and distribution to prevent undesirable impact such as burnout syndrome among AMOs and other HCWs.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Management, National Institutes of Health, MOH},
keywords = {Assistant Medical Officers, burnout, shift work, Sleep Deprivation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-21,
title = {Burnout And Coping Skills Among Laboratory Personnel in Selected Facilities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Klang Valley},
author = {Maznieda Mahjom and Noor Syaqilah Shawaluddin and Lim Kuang Kuay and Masita Arip and Rohaida Ismail and Tuan Mohd Amin Tuan Lah and Rosmanajihah Mat Lazim and Mizanurfakhri Ghazali and Nadia Mohamad and Raheel Nazakat},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-21.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/2.-Poster-APCPH_Burnout-P-21-f6c190f7e7922b1f6c92f6d4aa5d4190.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic which originated from Wuhan has infected more than 500 million humans worldwide as of 16th May 2022. This phenomenon is alarming as it forces the healthcare facilities to function at full capacity, thus increasing healthcare workers ' work burden particularly among laboratory personnel who worked with COVID-19 samples. Long working hours, lack of rest, personal matters and the risk in contracting the disease can affect their stress level, consequently it may lead to burnout which further compromises their mental health. As these presented a great challenge in the continuity of healthcare deliveries, it is important to assess mental health outcomes among them. This study aimed to determine the level of burnout and coping skills among the laboratory personnel in selected facilities in Klang Valley during COVID-19 pandemic. 
Methodology: This cross-sectional study explored the psychological issues and level of coping skills among laboratory personnel in Klang Valley through quota sampling. The online survey (google form) was distributed from October 2021 until December 2021 by each liaison officer to three selected healthcare laboratories that were involved in COVID-19 related work. The questionnaire consists of four components which were demography, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), stressor and coping mechanisms. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 26.0 to describe the socio-demographic characteristic of the study population and chi-square test was conducted to analyse the association between the burnout status and the level of coping skills. 
Result: A total of 404 laboratory personnel had responded to this survey in which 45.3% from public health laboratory A, 22.3% from hospital B and 32.4% from research centre C. From the study, it was found that 39.9% respondents had overall burnout which was the average of personal, work, and client burnout. Respondents from hospital B recorded the highest overall burnout (47.8%), followed by laboratory A (45.9%) and research centre C (26.0%). For the coping skills, most of the respondents from all facilities had an average coping skill in hospital B, laboratory A and research centre C which was 57.8%, 58.0% and 58.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that overall burnout among laboratory workers was slightly higher as compared to another study among healthcare workers in Malaysia. Surprisingly, more than half of them showed an average coping mechanism that would help them in managing their burnout. Thus, it is vital for the responsible parties to devise strategic approaches for ensuring the implementation of mental health programs especially to improve coping skills among laboratory workers. Findings from this study will help stakeholders in developing policies to ensure good mental health wellbeing among healthcare workers when responding to future outbreak related disasters.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre of Occupational Health Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health; Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {burnout, coping skills, Covid-19, laboratory personnel, Pandemic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-20,
title = {Brought-in-death due to Covid-19: The predictor analysis of catastrophic mortality rates in North-East Malaysia},
author = {Nik Aida Nik Adib and Rabiatul Jannah Mohamad and Mohd Hazwan Baharuddin. Muhammad Saufi Abdulla},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-20.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022P20_NIK-AIDA-b4be849ae15df3d373a2262a08d11dbf.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Recent sparks of mortality rates due to corona-virus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection in Malaysia enlighten the serious life-threatening complication of this infection in the community. The uncertain cause of death particularly among brought-in-death (BID) cases remained difficult to be predicted. Hence, timely identified the factor associated with BID among death cases due to COVID-19 infection is crucial. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the BID rates and its associated factors among death cases due to COVID-19 infection in the district of Pasir Mas, Kelantan. 
Methods: By using a cross-sectional study, the required information was obtained based on the retrospective records review from Crisis Preparedness Response Centre (CPRC), Pasir Mas Health District Office. There was 309 death reported. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with BID cases due to COVID-19 infection. 
Result: It was found that the BID rate due to COVID-19 infection is 68.9%. Being older, having an atypical presentation, unemployed, did not seek treatment three days before death, and having no history of close contact with confirmed cases of Covid-19 were the predictors for BID cases due to COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: The rates of BID cases due to COVID-19 infection are relatively high. Our finding supports the complex health state among elderly with an atypical presentation, unemployed, and low health literacy seriously increase severe complications of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, concerted strategic planning to identify the individual risk of BID due to COVID-19 infection warrants a specific preventive measurement in the future.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pasir Mas Health District Office},
keywords = {COVID-19; mortality; predictor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-19,
title = {Body Weight Perception and Weight Control Practices among Teenagers in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan},
author = {Lai Wai Kent and Sherina Mohd Sidik and Lekhraj Rampal Gyanchand Rampal and Gan Wan Ying and Siti Irma Fadhilah Ismail},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-19.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022_LAI-61b4a2f27a417db79470ed7708ba9478.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Body weight perception refers to a person 's subjective assessment of their weight as ""underweight"" or ""normal weight"" or ""overweight"", regardless of their actual body mass index. A number of factors impact body weight perception, including age, gender, family, peers, media, and ethnicity. The aim of this study is to describe self-perceived weight status, accuracy of weight perceptions, and weight control practices among teenagers. 
Method: A cross-sectional survey involving 2,221 teenagers aged 12-17 years was conducted in eight public secondary schools in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Two-stage cluster sampling was applied where a random selection of schools was done followed by random selection of classes. Self-administered questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, perception of body weight status, weight control action being taken and preferred option to lose or gain body weight were distributed to the participants. Body weight and height were measured and BMI-for-age z-scores were computed to determine the actual body weight status. 
Results: The findings revealed that 33.5% of the teenagers perceived that they were overweight and obese, whereas about 24.0% of them perceived that they were underweight. Boys had a higher perception of being underweight at 29.8% compared to girls at 19.1%. In contrast, girls had a higher perception of being overweight and obese at 39.1% compared to boys at 26.7%. Almost half of the participants (49.0%) chose to lose body weight, while another 19.2% chose to increase body weight. Exercise was the most preferred option to lose body weight, followed by reducing consumption of high fat foods. On the other hand, increasing the quantity of foods consumed and taking supplements were the preferred options to increase body weight. Among the participants with actual normal body weight, 54.2% correctly perceived their weight to be normal, 26.4% underestimated their body weight, while another 19.5% overestimated themselves. Among the actual overweight participants, 54.6% correctly perceived their weight to be overweight, 41.6% underestimated their body weight, while another 3.7% perceived themselves as obese. Among the actual obese participants, only 12.7% correctly perceived their weight to be obese. Among participants who perceived themselves as thin and severely thin, about half of them intended to take appropriate action, which was to gain weight. Among those who perceived themselves as overweight and obese, most of them intended to take appropriate action, which is to reduce weight. Discussion: Perception of body weight could be a better determinant of weight loss behaviour than actual weight. Both overestimation and underestimation could lead to serious health consequences. For instance, those who overestimate may engage in unnecessary weight loss behaviours, and those who underestimate may not make the necessary changes to their lifestyle to prevent obesity-related diseases. The weight status perception also indicates consistent gender differences; in particular, girls tend to overestimate their weight status and boys tend to underestimate. The findings also suggest that school-based health education programmes should focus on body image and body satisfaction besides promoting healthy lifestyles such as healthy eating behaviours and increasing physical activity.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences},
keywords = {Body weight perception, misperception, Teenagers, weight control, Weight Status},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-18,
title = {Association between sociodemographic, body mass index and medical factors related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Findings from the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2016},
author = {Azli Baharudin and Jayvikramjit Singh and Zamtira Seman and Nurul Huda Ibrahim and Siti Balkhis Shafie and Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim and Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar and Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin and Cheong Chean Tat and Lai Wai Kent and Khairul Hasnan Amali and Ahmad Ali Zainuddin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-18.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-18_poster2-bf0b11049766f3482cd4b4c12314113e.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is shown to be closely linked with different adverse pregnancy outcomes both at the fetal and maternal level including an increased risk of caesarean-section delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia and macrosomia. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic, body mass index and medical factors linked with gestational diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. 
Methods: Data from NHMS 2016 was used and a cross-sectional study design was implemented with a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. This study employed descriptive statistics whereby the focus was on the percentage of each variable. Complex sample logistic regression was used to identify factors associated GDM at both univariate and multivariable levels. The data were presented as adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI and with p values (\<0.05). Results: The overall prevalence of GDM from this survey was 12.4% (1349). Results from multivariable analyses showed that there were significant associations between GDM and the age group of 25-49 years old (p\<0.001), Malay ethnicity (p=0.024), hypertensive medical history (p=0.003) and body mass index of both overweight and obesity (p\<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Early screening and proper management of this group should be done continuously by healthcare personnel. This study offers crucial information for practitioners and policymakers to take effective measures to address the issue highlighted and to improve the GDM-related care for reproductive-aged women. Future studies on the effects of GDM on live long obesity and non-communicable diseases should be conducted to address these important issues.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health; Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health},
keywords = {gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational weight gain, National Health and Morbidity Survey 2016},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-17,
title = {Association Between Smoking and Vision Disability Among Elderly In Malaysia},
author = {Evi Diana Omar and Nabilah Hanis Zainuddin and Nor Hazimah Yeop and Kee Chee Cheong and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-17.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-17-2921e14290413e2d6c5a528c41612efc.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction Smoking has long been recognized to increase the risk of developing preventable diseases such as heart disease and lung cancer, but many people are unaware that it can also impact vision. This study assessed the association between smoking and vision disabilities among elderly. 
Methodology Analyses were based on data from the National Health Morbidity Survey 2018 of pre-elderly and elderly aged 50 years and above. The Washington Group Extended Question Set on Functioning (WG ES-F) was used to determine the vision disabilities. It is a self-rated evaluation that emphasizes functional constraints rather than impairments. Smoking status was classified into 3 groups; nonsmoker, former smoker and current smoker. Overall prevalence of smoking status and vision disabilities was first determined. The association between smoking status and vision disabilities was accessed using Rao-Scott adjusted chi square analysis with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis was then proceeded with multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for other possible confounding factors. All the analyses utilized a complex sample design. Results The overall prevalence of vision disabilities among elderly in Malaysia was 3.2% (n=275; 95% CI: 2.5%, 4.0%). Former smoker and smoker has higher prevalence of vision disabilities than nonsmoker (5.5% vs 3.6% vs 2.8%). The odds ratios of vision disabilities for former smoker and smoker compared to nonsmoker were 2.92 (95% CI=1.54,5.54},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Elderly, NHMS 2018, smoking, vision disability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-16,
title = {Association Between Physical Activity and Undiagnosed Diabetes, Undiagnosed Hypertension and Undiagnosed Hypercholesterolemia: Findings from National Health \& Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015},
author = {Nor Anita Affandi and Tan Lay Kim and Sharifah Nazeera Syed Anera and Nor Farahdila Hairoman and Zuraida Che Hassan and Zamtira Seman and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-16.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P16_Nor-Anita-Affandi-Association-Between-Physical-Act-71e98591067ce00abb696e33a9a13e04.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Physical inactive has been reported to be associated with non-communicable disease (NCDs). However, the findings are inconclusive where as some studies have done on association between physical inactive with risk factor of NCDs but not on undiagnosed NCDs. Therefore, this study to investigated the relationship between physical inactive and undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia among the Malaysian adults without chronic diseases. 
METHODOLOGY: In this present study, we utilized the secondary data from the National Health \& Morbidity Survey 2015, a nationally representative population-based survey. A total of 13,782 respondent without chronic diseases aged 18 years old and above were analysed. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression were employed to determine association between physical activity and undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia. 
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Malaysian adults who were physically inactive was 32.3% (95% CI: 31.1%, 33.5%); where the prevalence of female who were inactive 36.8% (95% CI: 35.1%, 38.5%), whilst 27.9% (95% CI: 26.4%, 29.6%) was male. Our data further demonstrated the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia were 5.8% (95% CI: 5.1%, 6.7%), 12.9% (95% CI: 11.9%, 14.0%) and 37.2% (95% CI: 35.8%, 38.8%) respectively. Multivariable analysis did not show any significant association between physical inactive with undiagnosed NCDs among the Malaysian adults. CONCLUSION: Although physical activity is suggested as one of the modifiable lifestyle factors associated with non-communicable diseases, including diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, however, we did not observe any association in this present study. Future cohort study to investigate the individuals who were not physically active is needed to validate the findings from this study.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-25,
title = {Chloera In Sabah: Epidemiological, Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics},
author = {S Izuddin and Abraham Chin and Easter Bernard and Ponolin Polin and Asits Sanna and Muhammad Jikal},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-25.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cholera is a disease caused by Vibrio Cholerae bacterium associated with a high transmission of disease and can be fatal. T. The bacteria does occur naturally in contaminated coastal plankton related with warm sea surface temperature (SST), shellfish and man. 
METHODOLOGY: We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of confirmed cases and mortality cases of Cholera collected from the Sabah State Infectious Disease Registry from 2016 to 2020, Malaysia. Analysis was conducted to observe the disease trends and patterns. 
RESULTS: From 2016 to 2020, Sabah recorded a total of 416 cases with a mean Incidence Rate (IR) of 1.98/100,000 population. 3 death were recorded throughout the five years. There were a total of 7 out of 27 districts in Sabah reported higher than the state's aim incidence rate of 0.5 /100,000 population with the highest median incidence rate recorded by Semporna district (26.68), followed by Kunak (13.7) and Tuaran (2.23) districts. 45% of cases recorded were male, and 55% of cases were female. Two spike of age could be observed among the cases which are \> 1 to 6 years old as well as 25-60 years old of age. 100% of patient presented with watery diarrhoea, 70% presented with nausea and 45% presented with lethargy and myalgia. 445 cases confirmed as Ogawa Serotype, two (2) as Inaba serotype and 23 of no results. DISCUSSION: Cholera is still a public health threat in Sabah especially in high risk population in east coast of the state.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sabah State Health Department, Malaysia.},
keywords = {Cholera, Sabah},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-14,
title = {Assessing Health policy and systems research (HPSR) Capacity Among Former HPSR Workshop Series Participants Using Online Survey},
author = {Inin Roslyza Rusli and Kartiekasari Syahidda Mohammad Zubairi1 and Nur Hidayati Abdul Halim1 and Ainul Nadziha Mohd Hanafiah and Kalvina Chelladorai and Nur Azmiah Zainuddin and Nurul Iman Jamalul-lail and Tan Yui Ping and Devi Shantini Rata Mohan and Masrol Hafizal Ismail and Zulkarn},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-14.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-14-APCPH-2022-6b8f3fe5cc87ca1cc10ca948a2fed393.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Health policy and systems research (HPSR) helps to understand and improve how societies organize themselves in achieving collective health goals, and how different actors interact in the policy and implementation processes to contribute to policy outcomes. Recognizing the importance of HPSR, a series of HPSR workshops has conducted for HPSR capacity building in Malaysia since decades ago. This study aims to assess the HPSR capacity among former HPSR workshop participants. 
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using an online survey questionnaire conducted between April to June 2021. A pilot test was conducted to validate the questionnaire. The name list of participants from previous HPSR workshops was retrieved from The questions asked revolved around respondents ' experience in HPSR training, HPSR application in their work and their opinions on the gaps in HPSR training. 
RESULTS: A total of 180 responses . Twenty-four out of 44 respondents have background in public health. All respondents have at least attended one HPSR course. Thirty-five respondents used the HPSR knowledge to conduct research. Fourteen respondents used it to inform policies. Most of the respondents (34) felt supported by their institutions in applying the knowledge and skills. However, only 21 respondents have conducted at least one HPSR course. Majority respondents were neutral that it was easy to teach the seven HPSR competency domains to others and agreed that these competencies were core to their current job. The six most highlighted gaps in HPSR in Malaysia were lacking in term of awareness (56.9%), training opportunities (52.3%), teaching institution (50%), evidence uptake by stakeholder (45.5%), specialists (43.2%) and demand for HPSR skills from employers (34.1%). The strategies that can be taken by policy makers to encourage HPSR capacity development in Malaysia are to ensure that HPSR training is aligned with needs and national priorities (79.6%), to ensure HPSR evidences lead to policy and practice change (77.3%), to support HPSR training institutions (70%), to allocate resources for training (68.2%) and to allocate resources for individuals to train in HPSR (65.9%). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The assessment of HPSR capacity among former HPSR workshop participants showed that more effort should be emphasized on increasing the HPSR awareness to promote evidence uptake and training opportunities to produce more HPSR specialists. The findings ' conclusiveness was however limited by the low response rate and limited to former HPSR workshop participants.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute For Health Systems Research; Policy and International Relations Division, MOH; National Institutes of Health},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-13,
title = {Aedes aegypti Breeding Pattern in Dengue Hotspot Localities in the District of Klang, Selangor},
author = {Kalaivaani Adakalam and Gurpreet Kaur and Ravikanth Perumal},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-13.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022_P_13_26-July-2022--4a8a7c7d9a6b78c87217bc1ecb92844b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: After the 2-year hiatus during the COVID-19 pandemic, dengue is again showing an increasing trend in Malaysia since early 2022. The same trend is seen in the Klang Valley and district of Klang specifically. Dengue control and prevention activities in any locality require community and multi-agency efforts. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions, entomological surveillance is central. 
METHODOLOGY: We analysed data from entomological surveillance conducted in 11 dengue hotspot localities in Klang from January to June 2022. Surveillance was done within a radius of 100m from reported dengue cases premises, by collecting immature stages of mosquitoes found in any container or receptacle. Containers or receptacles found with immature stages were counted and categorised according to the type of container and location found: indoors, semi-indoors, or outdoors. Collected immature stages were then identified for species and counted. 
RESULTS: A total of 216 premises were inspected, the majority of which comprised of residential dwellings. Of the 1756 containers examined, 68% contained water, and 64 were positive for immature stage of mosquitoes . The average Aedes Index (AI) is 21.0%, while Breteau Index (BI) was 26, both exceeding the recommended threshold. Top key breeding containers were pails (10.9%), water drums/containers (10.9%) and vases (9.4%). The dominant mosquito species found in containers was Aedes aegypti (81.3%). Indoor breeding containers was found to be significantly higher than outdoor breeding containers (p\<0.05). DISCUSSION \& CONCLUSIONS: Despite continuous efforts by the health authorities and other agencies, dengue continues to be an endemic problem with high burden of morbidity and mortality in the country. The general assumption is that dengue is caused by mosquitoes breeding in outdoor containers. Although our findings found both outdoor and indoor breeding containers, of interest is the high level of indoor breeding containers noted despite dengue control activities being carried out in these localities in the weeks preceding. A major possible reason could be that the recent opening up of the economy and lifting of travel restrictions have left people busy and with little time spent at home, thus overlooking conducting regular cleaning or self-search and destroy activities. The frequent water cuts in the Klang Valley aggravate the situation as people are forced to store water in various types of containers. This corroborates with our finding of top key breeding containers in pails and water drums or containers. Thus, awareness should be raised on the use of larvicide in all kinds of water storage containers. Our findings underscore the urgent need for raising awareness and educating the local community on the types of containers that can breed Aedes aegypti and the need for conducting regular and consistent search and destroy activities within the premises. Further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of our current health education activities and barriers to translation into action of Aedes aegypti breeding prevention measures in general and indoor breeding specifically.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Klang District Health Office},
keywords = {Aedes aegypti, Dengue, dengue outbreak, Entomological Surveillance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-12,
title = {Adaptive response of COVID-19 surveillance utilising capacity consolidation and an internet-based solution in Petaling District, Malaysia},
author = {Vivek Jason Jayaraj and Patrick Peng and Nur Nabila Abd Rahim and Mohd Ali Imran and Nur Emmy Fizreena and Salina Md Taib and Zazarida Zakiman and Sudeash Rajakrishnan and Rubaan Raj Silverdurai and Mohd Azizan Asroh and Mohd Paid Bin Yusof and Faridah Amin and Lee Soo Cheng},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-12.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Adaptive-Response-Of-COVID-19-Surveillance-Utilising-Capacity-Co-a131a3322132054b36ea27dfc4642d9c.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {As of September 2021, COVID-19 has led to 2.25 million cases and 26,335 deaths in Malaysia. Increased transmission has led to overwhelmed public health capacity. We describe the development and utilisation of a surveillance adjunct in the Petaling District Health office (DHO) in response to constraints in public health capacity. Three major responses were introduced - 1) an exercise to consolidate capacity in January 2021, 2) the introduction of digital tools in February 2021, and 3) the expansion of functionalities of the digital tool for community-based surveillance in March 2021. Surveillance data between 1 September 2020 and 30 September 2021 was uitilised to evaluate the evolution and impact of these interventions. Epidemiologic curves were superimposed with policies and human resource capacity. Additionally, durations of public health system responses were calculated. Bimodal transmission is observed in Petaling, with a peak in November 2020 and a second in August 2021. Large increases in transmission of COVID-19 ranging from 246% to 1300% were observed between September 2020 and May 2021. Human resources increase of between 146% to 257% were observed between October 2020 and May 2021, respectively. Between December 2020 and February 2021, the duration between the onset of symptoms and registration, the duration between sampling and registration, and the duration between sample reporting and registration also increased. Despite sustained transmission, recovery of the durations close to baseline was observed in March 2021. The introduction of capacity consolidation, internet-based digital tool as an adjunct for surveillance supported an overburdened public health system in ensuring that disease control measures remained timely. Innovative and adaptive approaches like the approach reported here are critical in increasing organisational resilience against external shocks such as COVID-19.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Petaling District Health Office, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya; Universiti Putra Malaysia},
keywords = {Capacity consolidation, Covid-19, Digital tool, Internet-based solution, surveillance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-11,
title = {Acceptance of Telemedicine Among Geriatric Patients at the Sarawak Heart Centre},
author = {Nur Hidayati Abdul Halim and Samuel Ting and Jia Nee Ling and Nor Izzah Hj Ahmad Shauki and Ing Khieng Tiong and Yew Fong Lee and Nor Anizah Osman and Gin Wei Chai and Shin Han Ung and Melinda Ang and Ardif Damiri and Adrian Lee Wee Tan and Hui Seing Phan and Chun Ming Ling},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-11.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/2022-APCPH_TELEG-0a24d0d0fe0c8f984638504dc25c6dd1.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The adoption of telemedicine in health care services has rapidly taken place due to COVID-19 pandemic, which helped to ensure continuity of healthcare services. In Malaysia, despite being well accepted by healthcare providers, little is known about patients ' acceptance towards telemedicine. This paper examined patients ' acceptance of a geriatric telemedicine service (TELEG) at the Sarawak Heart Centre. TELEG is a virtual medical consultation aimed to ensure the continuity of geriatric care and enhance the accessibility of healthcare services. 
Method: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 July 2021 to 30 April 2022. 150 respondents were required to respond to the Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire (SUTAQ), which was administered through Google Form. SUTAQ has 22 items with scoring ranging from 1 to 6. Acceptance towards the TELEG was assessed in six dimensions, namely ""increased accessibility"", ""enhanced care"", ""privacy and comfort"", ""care personnel"", ""TELEG as the substitution"", and ""user 's satisfaction"". The average score of SUTAQ from 3 to 6 was classified as moderate to high acceptance. SPSS version 27 was used in data analysis; and ANOVA and Pearson 's correlation tests examined the hypothesized association between background characteristics (age, gender, education level, residential area, distance from home to the hospital, living status, source of income, caregivers, and clinical frailty) with their overall acceptance level. Simple linear regression was done to examine the hypothesized influence of the six dimensions of the acceptance on their overall acceptance. The p-value of less than 5% and the confidence interval of 95% were considered statistically significant. Results: 149 responses were obtained out of 180 geriatric patients that enrolled in TELEG during the study period. Mean age of respondents were 78.8 ( ±7.71), most were female (59.7%), did not receive tertiary education (96%), staying with spouse and other family members (79.9%), relying money from children as main source of income (54.4%), and had children as main caregiver (43.6%). The average driving distance from home to Sarawak Heart Centre was 23.3 kilometres ( ±56.26). Notably, most respondents ' clinical frailty scale was 5 and above (91.3%). Overall, all participants had moderate to high acceptance of TELEG (mean = 4.9},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Pharmaceutical Services Division, Sarawak State Health Department; Sarawak Heart Centre; Pharmaceutical Services Division, Sarawak State Health Department},
keywords = {acceptance, Factors, Geriatrics, Telemedicine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-10,
title = {Acceptance of HPV Self-Testing as a Cervical Cancer Screening Method Among Women in the Community: A Systematic Review},
author = {Sharifah Fazlinda Syed Nor and Ellyana Mohamad Selamat and Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil and Muhammad Alimin Mat Reffien},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-10.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/PosterConferenceHPV-c8930ed7192fabeed9c118ca967a392f.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. In Malaysia, it is estimated that 1,740 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 991 patients die of the disease every year. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 or 18 infection is linked to about 88.7% of cervical cancer cases, and about 1% of women in the general population carry these viruses. Hence, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HPV self-testing as an addition to the existing cervical cancer cytology screening method. This systematic review assesses the acceptance of HPV self-testing as a cervical cancer screening method among women in communities worldwide and provides a reference for cervical cancer prevention programs. 
Methods: Peer-reviewed articles on HPV self-testing among women in communities around the world were searched using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy in PubMed, Ovid, and Ebscohost databases within the past five years (2018-2022). Selected articles were reviewed by two authors and critically appraised by using the Mixed Method Assessment Tool 2018. Findings and data gathered from selected articles were descriptively and thematically analyzed. Results: A total of 12 articles were included in this review (N=5,278), comprising nine quantitative and three qualitative studies. Most articles were from the United States (n=5), two from Kenya, and one each from Sweden, Ethiopia, China, Thailand, and Malaysia. Most women had positive thoughts about HPV self-testing and found it highly acceptable (n=4974, 67.2%). Knowledge of cervical cancer and screening procedures, as well as the confidence and logistical convenience of self-sampling, were frequently mentioned as facilitators of acceptance and willingness to participate. Among the issues raised pertaining to HPV self-testing were test accuracy and reliability. Discussion: HPV self-testing can be used in addition to the existing trained healthcare worker dependent cytology testing, in order to increase screening coverage and the detection rate of cervical cancer and, potentially, lower the disease burden. Interventions should be focused on empowering local community by creating awareness of cervical cancer disease prognosis and screening procedures, with the aim to increase knowledge and confidence, and thus increasing acceptance among the targeted group.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuala Langat District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Planning Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Johor Bahru District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {acceptance, cervical cancer, facilitator, HPV, self-testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-9a,
title = {A Severe Case of Enterovirus 71 Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease With Prolonged Stay in The Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report in Kelantan},
author = {Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi and Hazlienor Mohd Hatta and Zawiyah Dollah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-9.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-9-Poster-print-081605c605be6475c488362f4cf648e1.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD) is caused by the members of the genus Enterovirus of the P icornaviridae family; predominantly coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71). It is often observed among young children under five years of age, typically benign and self-limiting. However, HFMD caused by EV71 is often more severe than CVA16 in which severe complications may occur including encephalitis, myocarditis, neurogenic pulmonary edema and death. The EV71-related infection is considered endemic in South-East Asian in which a cyclical pattern of outbreaks was often observed every 2 to 3 years. In 2018, nearly 38,000 HFMD cases were recorded in Malaysia in between January to July with three reported deaths. Until 28 May, 65,535 HFMD cases were reported throughout the year 2022. We reported a sporadic case of EV71 HFMD complicated with meningoencephalitis and myocarditis in Kelantan, Malaysia. 
Case Presentation: In April 2022, a previously healthy four-year-old Malay girl, residing in Pasir Puteh, Kelantan, presented with fever associated with mouth ulcer, vesicular lesions over palm and soles along with tachycardia, followed by alteration of consciousness, vomiting and seizure. The throat swab specimen was negative but EV71 was detected from the rectal swab by PCR test. She was diagnosed with severe HFMD complicated with myocarditis and brainstem meningoencephalitis with anterior spinal cord syndrome, requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The source of infection for this case was unclear. However, she had history of visiting public places particularly hypermarket and shops during incubation. Shortly after, another five cases of EV71 were identified in the state with no clear epidemiological link found between the cases; suggesting the spreading of EV71 infection in the communities, making control a challenge. Only two of these cases were associated with outbreaks at different nurseries and four of them were from Pasir Puteh district. At the time of diagnosis, the estimated incidence of HFMD in Kelantan for 2022 was 122/100,000 in general population; highest among children aged four-year-old and below (545.4/100,000). The increment of cases could be attributed to increasing non-immune population during the COVID-19 pandemic, among other factors. In response, investigation and contact tracing were conducted early within 48 hours by the district health offices. Other public health interventions involving multiple agencies carried out including dissemination of HFMD alert to healthcare facilities, and widespread health education activities among communities, educational institution and business premises. The enteroviral surveillance was also intensified among sporadic cases in hospital and selected clinics. Due to limited resources, risk stratification were used to facilitate the preventive measures. Conclusion: Although the vast majority of HFMD cases were self-limiting, EV71 infection could be life threatening. In the absence of effective vaccine or antiviral for EV71, early case detection and health educations to prevent secondary spread appear to be the most effective public health measure to limit the transmission. Public health surveillance and preventive measures for HFMD needs to be continued and strengthen to prevent the occurrence of such complications associated with EV71 infection.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Disease Control Unit, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Pasir Puteh District Health Office},
keywords = {EV71, HFMD, Kelantan, Severe},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-9,
title = {A Severe Case of Enterovirus 71 Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease With Prolonged Stay in The Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report in Kelantan},
author = {Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi and Hazlienor Mohd Hatta and Zawiyah Dollah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-9.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-9-Poster-Final-73ca1faa72d59beca3f1ad351a0a562b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD) is caused by the members of the genus Enterovirus of the P icornaviridae family; predominantly coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71). It is often observed among young children under five years of age, typically benign and self-limiting. However, HFMD caused by EV71 is often more severe than CVA16 in which severe complications may occur including encephalitis, myocarditis, neurogenic pulmonary edema and death. The EV71-related infection is considered endemic in South-East Asian in which a cyclical pattern of outbreaks was often observed every 2 to 3 years. In 2018, nearly 38,000 HFMD cases were recorded in Malaysia in between January to July with three reported deaths. Until 28 May, 65,535 HFMD cases were reported throughout the year 2022. We reported a sporadic case of EV71 HFMD complicated with meningoencephalitis and myocarditis in Kelantan, Malaysia. 
Case Presentation: In April 2022, a previously healthy four-year-old Malay girl, residing in Pasir Puteh, Kelantan, presented with fever associated with mouth ulcer, vesicular lesions over palm and soles along with tachycardia, followed by alteration of consciousness, vomiting and seizure. The throat swab specimen was negative but EV71 was detected from the rectal swab by PCR test. She was diagnosed with severe HFMD complicated with myocarditis and brainstem meningoencephalitis with anterior spinal cord syndrome, requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The source of infection for this case was unclear. However, she had history of visiting public places particularly hypermarket and shops during incubation. Shortly after, another five cases of EV71 were identified in the state with no clear epidemiological link found between the cases; suggesting the spreading of EV71 infection in the communities, making control a challenge. Only two of these cases were associated with outbreaks at different nurseries and four of them were from Pasir Puteh district. At the time of diagnosis, the estimated incidence of HFMD in Kelantan for 2022 was 122/100,000 in general population; highest among children aged four-year-old and below (545.4/100,000). The increment of cases could be attributed to increasing non-immune population during the COVID-19 pandemic, among other factors. In response, investigation and contact tracing were conducted early within 48 hours by the district health offices. Other public health interventions involving multiple agencies carried out including dissemination of HFMD alert to healthcare facilities, and widespread health education activities among communities, educational institution and business premises. The enteroviral surveillance was also intensified among sporadic cases in hospital and selected clinics. Due to limited resources, risk stratification were used to facilitate the preventive measures. Conclusion: Although the vast majority of HFMD cases were self-limiting, EV71 infection could be life threatening. In the absence of effective vaccine or antiviral for EV71, early case detection and health educations to prevent secondary spread appear to be the most effective public health measure to limit the transmission. Public health surveillance and preventive measures for HFMD needs to be continued and strengthen to prevent the occurrence of such complications associated with EV71 infection.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Disease Control Unit, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Pasir Puteh District Health Office},
keywords = {EV71, HFMD, Kelantan, Severe},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-8,
title = {A Seven Year Analysis on Quality Checking of Blood Film Malaria Parasite, National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
author = {Zulhainan H and Kumuthamalar S and Norizat Y and Maimunah A and Meliskha V and Thevarajah DP and Siti Noor Aishah AH and Norazimah S and Mohd Hafizi AH and Jenarun J and Nor Zahrin H},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-8.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/3.-ACPCPH-2022-Poster-Presentation-Dr-Zulhainan-Hamzah-4a052414b9eee02f61e3f4252d846c01.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: The quality checking of blood film for malaria parasite is an important activity for monitoring the performances of malaria microscopy. Considering its important roles in the Malaria Elimination Programme in Malaysia, we evaluated the performance of the quality checking of blood film malaria parasite carried out between 2015 to 2021 and analyze the outcomes. Methodology: A total of 67,138 blood films malaria parasite were received and analysed for quality checking at the National Public Health Laboratory, of which a total of 18,550 and 48,588 were positive and negative slides, respectively. The microscopy examinations were performed by WHO level 1 (expert) certified malaria microscopist. Results: Analysis showed 99.82% or 67,015 slides were in good agreement with the National Public Health Laboratory readings and only 0.19% or 126 slides were considered as false reading or errors. Of the 126 false reading or errors, 105 were from the positive slides while another 21 were from the negative slides. The percentages of false positive and false negative slides were at 0.17% and 0.04%, respectively. Conclusion: There are still inaccuracies in the diagnosis of all species of malaria parasites, especially Plasmodium knowlesi. The present assessment also revealed that there is a needs for continuous refresher training on malaria microscopy, monitoring of the quality of blood smears preparation and to strictly adhere to the standard procedures of using blood in EDTA tube for preparing the blood film for malaria parasite. In general, the performance of quality checking for blood film malaria parasite are generally satisfactory with the percentage of errors lower than 1%, below the standard set by the National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Blood films for malaria parasite, Malaria microscopy, National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan.Enter description here., Quality checking},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-34,
title = {Delivering Health Services to the Rural: Combating COVID-19 Pandemic Among Orang Asli},
author = {Norhasliza Abu Bakar and Arifah Abdul Rahman and Abdul Hamid Jaafar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-34.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-34.pdf-DR-NORHASLIZA-ABU-BAKAR-8fcee13ede273ac4f27c46cc9c1733dd.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic ensue a significant public health threat across the globe. It affect every layers of community including the indigenous people known as Orang Asli in the interior part of the country. Established for person to person transmission enables this SARS-CoV-2 infection spread rapidly, and the close knit culture among Orang Asli community catalyst the outbreak even further. Not only adding to the country 's Covid-19 statistic, the data also recorded death tolls among Orang Asli due to Covid-19.To date ( 30th June, 2022 ), a cumulative of 19,652 Covid-19 positive cases has been reported among Orang Asli for year 2022, with 214 deaths which contributes to 1.09 of case fatality rate (CFR). Meanwhile the 2021 data showed a total of 17,861 Covid-19 positive cases and 180 deaths among Orang Asli community. Following a year of dreadful phase combating the pandemic in year 2020, the Covid-19 vaccination programme 's initiated in early 2021 enabled Malaysia 's transition to endemic phase. The Ministry of Health, Malaysia take up challenges to ensure every eligible citizens including the Orang Asli population received the Covid-19 vaccination. The mobile health teams being deployed to the interior and rural area of Orang Asli settlement for the vaccination outreach programme 's. To date ( 30th June, 2022 ), more than 80% of Orang Asli 's adult population had completed the primary series of Covid-19 vaccine, whilst 75% of Orang Asli 's adolescent and 30% of their children had also completed the vaccine. Despite of all the hurdles and predicaments due to logistic issue, continuous effort is ongoing to ensure a substantive vaccine coverage among Orang Asli as one of the Covid-19 preventive measure.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, Orang Asli in Malaysia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-43,
title = {Enhancing Community Participation in a Dengue Control Program Event in a Sub-urban Setting},
author = {Ruben Ramakrishnan and Gurpreet Kaur and Muhamad Taufiq Othman and Ravikanth Perumal and Siti Rohana Saad},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-43.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/7th-APCPH-Poster-8fa1e401c6d91f57d5610fe0528ddcde.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The Klang district has seen a significant increase of dengue cases by 154.3% from 867 cases in 2021 to 2,205 cases in 2022. One of the strategies to address this epidemic is to implement large scale community cleaning programs, namely in high risk dengue outbreak localities, with the objective of raising awareness of dengue disease and prevention, as well as empower the local communities to conduct clean-up activities on a regular basis. 
Methods: This study assesses the participation level from the local community in a recent dengue control program event. The selected suburban locality was a recurrent hotspot area in Taman Sri Muda, Shah Alam comprising of 709 households of local and foreign citizens. The program 's focus was mainly on community clean-up of the locality. Strategies to enhance community participation included scheduled daily announcements of the event within the locality, via loudspeaker, through social media, flyers and personal persuasion house to house in the days leading up to the event. The local neighborhood task force and COMBI teams as well as other government and non-government agencies were also roped in. To attract the local community, health education activities targeting all age groups were also organized. An online questionnaire was used to gauge willingness of the household to attend the event in the days preceding and thus tailor our event promotion activities accordingly. We targeted participation of 100 people from the locality based on actual turn up rates from past events. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel. 
Results: Only 46 responses were obtained for willingness to attend the event. However, 76.0% of these respondents indicated their willingness to attend, while 17.5% and 6.5% indicated they ""may attend"" and ""will not attend"" respectively. The estimated people attending the event was 123, majority being adults (66.7%). The actual number of participants on the event day was 199, majority being adults (86.9%). There was good participation from the community in all health education related activities organised such as explorace, health talks and quizzes. Discussion \& Conclusion: Traditionally, community level clean-up programs have been met with poor response from the community, especially in urban and suburban settings. Fortunately, this event was deemed a success as the participation by the local community exceeded our set target by 99%. Some of the reasons could be the aggressive approach used together with local leaders in approaching each household with information of the event. Another main pull factor for the event was the interesting array of activities organized. The use of online questionnaire was something new to gauge interest to participate. Although, the response from each household was poor, it did give us an idea of the estimated number of participants beforehand, and thus guiding us in ramping up follow through health promotion activities. In conclusion, this study revealed that with aggressive health promotion strategies targeting the whole community, it is possible to dramatically enhance participation from the local community for clean-up events.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Klang},
keywords = {Community, Dengue, Participation, Sub-urban},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-42,
title = {EL-COVID Database Data Management During Pandemic COVID 19: Labuan FT Experience},
author = {Sabrina Dhanamani Daniel and Welly Welson Sominding and Jemhi Pian and Aaron Ryan Zoni and Mohd Zaki Ab. Hamid and Ismuni Bohari},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-42.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/EL-COVID-Database-Data-Management-During-Pandemic-COVID-19-Labua-73f649a70daa92179d5112eaafa8e3bf.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic that swept across our country claimed the lives of many and has altered the healthcare management. The increase in cases in the Federal Territory of Labuan peaked at two points: after the election in Sabah and following the wave of the Delta variant, which entailed the entry of workers from the shipping industry into Malaysia. Systematic and efficient data management is critical in pandemic management to develop effective control and prevention strategies. In the Health Department of Labuan, the data collected from each screening counter will be manually entered into Microsoft Excel software on a regular basis, which requires a lot of manpower and takes a long time to analyze. When it comes to how this works, data accessibility is limited, and backlogs are common. The objective of this innovation is to develop a secure and easy database management for every Covid-19 health screening for the population of Federal Territory of Labuan. This includes case index data, close contact screening and home surveillance order monitoring. 
Method: The SWOT analysis approach has been used in the development of this system. This database application system was created using a combination of computer languages, including MYSQLi, PHP, HTML 5, and JavaScript, and is built on WeBase using mySQL and Apache. The time and manpower required for the same task are compared while using Microsoft Excel software and using system database applications. 
Result: In comparison, the update of the screening data in this system show that the time used for entering and analyzing the data can be reduced by 55.13 %, and the manpower can be saved up to 50 % for the same task load. The cost of labor paid for the overtime of employees was reduced to 50 % for the same task load as well. Discussion: With a significant reduction in time and manpower required in data management, this project has met its main objective. Besides that, with the addition of several modules in the system, it has helped in disease control, prevention, contentment, enforcement, home surveillance order and the application of current policies. This effort was also a pillar in Labuan's accomplishment in becoming the first state to reach phase 4 during the pandemic and the state with the highest drop Covid-19 cases in Malaysia with 95.01% case reduction in 7 weeks. Way forward, this system application may be expanded to encompass the systematic management of data related to other infectious diseases, vaccination program and pandemic preparedness.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Covid-19, Database, FT Labuan, Management., Pandemic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-41,
title = {Dual disasters: Handling a Major Flood Disaster Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic in Klang},
author = {Mardiana Omar and Faridah Jafri and Siti Hasmah Ilias and Norazilah Jamil and Anussa Krishnan and Gurpreet Kaur Karpal Singh and Faridah Kusnin and Rohana Saad},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-41.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-Disasters-APCPH-22-final-24.7.22-334c6de240c6f96516e44cd461198c81.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {In December 2021, Klang was hit by the worst flood in history, where 76% of the Klang district was inundated and 82 relief centers were opened to provide shelter to more than 20,000 evacuees. The severe flood was attributed to the extraordinary amount of rainfall in the district and the overflow of Klang River from heavy rainfall at the upstream of the river. Managing the flood amidst COVID-19 pandemic posed a great challenge because of the need to implement both disaster and COVID-19 specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) such as social distancing and quarantine. The use of shared facilities, e.g. toilets, common areas and pantries in temporary relief centers predisposed evacuees to an increased risk of disease transmission. In anticipation of such events, the management procedure of COVID-19 cases and close contacts at relief centers were outlined in the preceding weeks. The criteria for selection of suitable relief centers emphasized the need for ample space to allow for adequate distancing, placement of cubicles or tents at more than 2 meters apart, adequate ventilation and lighting, and the provision of isolation rooms for positive cases. For the initial admission process to relief centers, early risk assessment was done via Whatssap, Mysejahtera application or telephone. Subsequently, zoning of evacuees was based on risk stratification and the flow of admission of high risk COVID-19 patients was delineated. The initial period of the flood saw a huge number of evacuees displaced and relocated which caused overcrowding of relief centers. Physical distancing and isolation of COVID-19 cases at relief centers were not practical. Hence, a decision was made to admit all positive cases to hospitals. The pre-emptive measures by the Klang District Health Office managed to coordinate hospital admissions of 80 evacuees with the assistance from the regional Bed Management Unit (BMU). As the result, no COVID-19 clusters were found at all relief centers in the district throughout the flood period. The unprecedented experience from the recent dual disaster not only taught us to be anticipative in the preparation of future disasters, but also to be flexible and quick in decision making. The timely decision which was tailored to the current needs and situations was crucial in preventing large outbreaks or untoward incidents from happening at the relief centers.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Klang District Health Office; Petaling District Health Office; Selangor State Health Department},
keywords = {Covid-19, disaster, floods, Klang, Pandemic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-40,
title = {Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to COVID-19 in Malaysia in 2021},
author = {LeeAnn Tan and Shubash Shander Ganapathy and Chan Yee Mang and Nazirah Alias and Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin and Khaw Wan-Fei and Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-40.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-40-691e94141fd85463c9dba59f8c9540e6.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exacted a high toll on Malaysia throughout the year 2021, with more than 31,000 deaths reported and a cumulative case count of almost three million. Burden of disease measures, such as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), offer a more appropriate metric for assessing the burden of COVID-19 than absolute death or case counts by combining both mortality and morbidity components thereby allowing for a comprehensive and comparable evaluation of the disease 's population health impact. The aim of this study was to estimate the total disease burden of acute COVID-19 in Malaysia in 2021 as measured by DALYs, and to compare the direct impact of COVID-19 relative to other leading causes of disease and injury in the country. 
Methods: Data on individual COVID-19 deaths and daily case counts in Malaysia during 2021 were obtained from a public repository provided by the Ministry of Health. DALYs are the sum of years of life lost to premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). YLL directly attributable to COVID-19 were derived by multiplying the number of deaths in each age-group by the age- and sex-conditional life expectancy as defined in the national life table for 2021 published by the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). To calculate YLD, person-years for each COVID-19 category or health state (derived from the sum of active cases daily scaled by a factor of 1/365.25 to reflect the contribution of individual days to a complete year, since DALYs use year as the unit of time) were multiplied by the corresponding disability weight (representing severity; scale of 0 to 1 with 0 indicating no disability) for that health state. Disability weights were adopted from the COVID-19 consensus model and methods outlined by the European Burden of Disease Network. 
Results: There were nearly 700,000 DALYs lost due to death or illness caused by COVID-19 in Malaysia in 2021, corresponding to a per-capita burden of 2,029 DALYs per 100,000 people. Overall, YLL (mortality) contributed to 98% of total DALYs, with males and females losing an average of 20.7 and 22.4 years, respectively, due to dying from COVID-19. The disease burden directly attributable to COVID-19 is second only to that caused by ischaemic heart disease, which was the leading cause of fatal burden in the country in pre-pandemic times. Discussion/Conclusion: These DALY estimates highlight that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a substantial health burden on the Malaysian population. Continued estimation of the disease burden associated with COVID-19 at regular intervals is essential to determine further losses averted by the rollout of the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme / Program Imunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan (NIP/ PICK ).},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-39,
title = {Digital Mental Health and COVID-19: Mental Health Literacy Among General Population In Selangor},
author = {Muhammad Adil Zainal Abidin and Mohammad Farhan Rusli and Ahmad Nabil Md Rosli and Siti Mariah Mahmud and Farah Zulaikha AZ and Nur Farah Hiza KA and Anis Farisha NA and Farah Nur Imanina MS},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-39.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-39-b54d40b8e6f6c8d5f02bce452a35e8a4.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Mental health increased in prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused changes in health-seeking behaviour among the general population. Having adequate knowledge helps to improve community attitudes on mental health. Thus, measuring mental health literacy is essential in developing policies, prevention strategies and formulating interventions. Therefore, this study aims to measure mental health literacy among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor. 
Methods: A validated Malay version of the self-administered Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) was used in this cross-sectional study among all Selangor citizens through SELANGKAH Apps from 13th September 2021 until 7th March 2022. This app was initially used as a contact tracing during the pandemic. Later features of the mental health module (SEHAT) were added, consisting of screening questionnaires, literacy questionnaires, and psychoeducation videos. This app was promoted to all Selangor citizens and can be downloaded for free. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 26. 
Result: There are a total of 42072 SEHAT app users, while 1222 users completed the MHLS questionnaires. Most respondents were female (52.8%), Muslims (79.3%), had formal education up to secondary level (51.1%), had a monthly income below RM 5000 (90.5%), and age group of 21-40 years old (58.5%), and lived in the district of Petaling, Selangor (29.5%). The overall mean (sd) MHLS was low, which is 101.3 (17.03) and was significantly associated with all determinants (p\<0.05). Those with higher mean MHLS include females, Muslims, aged 21-40 years old, university graduates, had a monthly income of RM 5001 to RM 10000 and living in the district of Petaling, which is an urban centre in Selangor. 
Discussion: This is one of the most extensive state-wide level studies during the pandemic. Higher mean MHLS among females could be due to more sensitive recognition and perception of symptoms in females than males. Access to mental health information is now at one 's fingertip with the luxury of the internet and devices. A surge in internet usage among Malaysians was seen during the pandemic, mainly during the Movement Control Order (MCO) period. Subsequently, those in the younger age group, with higher monthly income, and living in urban areas have greater access to the mental health information on media, hence having higher MHLS. Furthermore, the higher the formal education level, the higher the mental health literacy as more information is known via greater exposure in higher institutions. Conclusion: The mental health literacy scores were low among the general population in Selangor during the pandemic. Hence, more mental health advocacy and awareness programs should be carried out.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM; Department of Psychiatry, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM; Pejabat Ahli Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Negeri Selangor, Bangunan Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah},
keywords = {Covid-19, Digital health, health literacy, mobile mental health, Pandemic, Public mental health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-38,
title = {Development of a New Body Weight Equation for Cerebral Palsy (CP) Children and Adolescent in Malaysia},
author = {Nurul Huda Ibrahim and Norasimah Kassim and Salimah Othman and Norsuhaila Sha'ari and Anis Aslah Awiskarni and Norafidza Ashiquin Abd Patah and Nabilah Mohamed Nezuri and Maizatul Naqiah Zulkifli and Mohd Nadzrul Anuar Awang and Muhammad Farid Sani and Noorfadlina Abdul Rashad and Siti F},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-38.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-38-NURUL-HUDA_I_final-e0f07ff8894a956c759445a4e5559603.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Congenital deformities are common in children with cerebral palsy, make it challenging to obtain weight for this population. Body weight is commonly used to determine nutritional status, doses of drug and nutrition prescription. Globally, there are equation used to estimated body weight in general children and adolescent population. However, limited equation has been done in this population including Malaysian population. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop body weight equation for Malaysian CP children and adolescent at all Growth Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. 
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 till October 2019. All CP aged 2 to 18 years old enrolled in Community-Based Rehabilitation Centre (CBR) in Central Region and Seremban who met the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Predictive equation was developed based on Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), ulna length (UL) and humeral length (HL). Body weight was measured with SECA 674 platform scale as gold standard. MUAC, UL and HL were measured using retractable measuring tape SECA 201. Three prediction equation models were developed using multiple linear regression. 
Result: A total number of 158 children and adolescent, aged of 9.73±4.54 years old, and 52.5% boys were recruited in this study. All three newly developed models demonstrate strong correlation with body weight. Model 3 (MUAC \& UL) showed the strongest correlation with actual weight (R square 0.908), smallest Standard Error of estimate (SEE) (3.475) and highest intra correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.975). Meanwhile, Model 2 (MUAC \& HL) with (R square 0.894), SEE (3.715) and ICC (0.971); and Model 1 (MUAC) with (R square 0.813), SEE (4.975) and ICC (0.946). Discussion: The findings suggested all three new equations were accurate in estimating body weight among children and adolescent with CP. This study provides more option in estimating body weight among children and adolescents according to feasibility and availability of related anthropometric measurement. This finding suggests that stakeholders may benefit from developing nutrition and dietetics policies and intervention plans for this population.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institue For Public Health; Family Health Development Division; Hospital Kuala Lumpur; Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Botanik; Hospital Rembau; Klinik Kesihatan Nilai; Hospital Sungai Buloh; Klinik Kesihatan Putrajaya P18; Klinik Kesihatan Cheras; National Institute of Health},
keywords = {body weight equation, cerebral palsy, humeral length, MUAC, ulna length},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-37,
title = {Development and Validation of a Dual Language Needs Assessment Questionnaire for Malaysians Living with Colorectal Cancer (Neat-CC)},
author = {Nur Nadiatul Asyikin Bujang and Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud and Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-37.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-37-Development-and-Validation-Questionnaire-Poster_n-1df6cece339edfba6ed7fe69d2074b4b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Malaysia. The need of cancer survivors is unique and are influenced by their cultural and religious backgrounds. Addressing the issues of unmet needs among colorectal cancer survivors is important to enhance their quality of life. This study aimed to develop and validate a needs assessment questionnaire for multi-ethnic colorectal cancer survivors in Malaysia. 
Method: There were three major stages involved in the development and validation of the questionnaire to ensure the psychometric properties. The stages include i) Item development through a systematic literature review and previous qualitative reports, ii) Scale development and iii) Psychometric properties evaluation. The items were reviewed by experts, pretested and translated using forward-backwards (English-Bahasa Melayu-English) translation. The questionnaire was distributed to several oncology centres and via an online survey platform (REDCap) for online recruitment. A universal sampling of 300 colorectal cancer survivors who had been diagnosed with colorectal cancer for at least a month, aged above 18 and clinically fit with no other cancer was recruited. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed using the FACTOR program and SmartPLS 3.0. 
Result: The questionnaire development resulted in a bilingual Needs Assessment Tool for Colorectal Cancer (Neat-CC) with 51-item covering six domains which include; i) diagnosis needs, ii) psychosocial and information needs, iii) practical needs, iv) health needs, v) financial and vi) employment needs. Cronbach 's alpha of all the domains was above 0.7 indicating good internal consistency. For the CFA, the average variance extracted (AVE) was above 0.5 indicating good convergent validity while the heterotrait-monotrait criterion (HTMT) was 0.9 indicating the good discriminant validity of this questionnaire. Both measurement and structural model assessment of the domains were adequate. Conclusion: The Neat-CC is a valid and reliable questionnaire with adequate psychometric characteristics. The utilization of this validated Neat-CC to determine the unmet needs of colorectal cancer is essential to facilitate and guide appropriate interventions which cater to the needs of colorectal cancer survivors.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Seremban District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {colorectal cancer, questionnaire development, validation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-36,
title = {Descriptive Study of Healthcare Worker under Department of Health Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Infected with COVID-19 from January 2022 until June 2022},
author = {Nabilah A and Mohamad Johan Jefri M.J},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-36.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/POSTER-APCPH2022-P-36-updated-da2626d00d303b273c728f2813b35b06.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {After 2 years of improving, implementing and managing through the Pandemic of COVID-19, we can see that the cases had been going down in Malaysia. Healthcare worker (HCW) plays an important role in being the pioneer of treatments and SOP before it being implemented to the rakyat in making sure it is safe and possible. The purpose of this study is to observe the trend that had been exhibited in HCW cases, to identify which health facility had contributed most cases and to recognized the cause of infection of COVID-19 among Healthcare worker from the month of January until June 2022. The data was obtained from state record of Healthcare worker infected with COVID-19 manage by Occupational Health and Environmental Unit. There are total of 3406 (n) cases recorded within the period with Hospital Putrajaya contributed the most cases of 34.23% (1166) infections, followed by Titiwangsa District Health Office with 11.33% (386) and Hospital Rehabilitasi Cheras with 10.45% (356) cases. The infection of COVID-19 peaked on the month of March with 50.46% (1719) and subsequently lowered down to only 6.66% (227) in April and 2.32% occurring in May. However, the cases rise on the month of June with 4.14% (141) parallel with the Ministry of Health statement in Mid-June. There are 84.44% (2876) cases with Non-Work Related causes ranging from social, traveling history, family and symptomatic screening. Another 15.56% (530) cases were cause by Work- Related such as HCW to HCW interaction, HCW to Patient/Caregiver, Healthcare worker handling COVID-19 sample. Hospital Putrajaya exhibit the most cases due to the higher numbers of staff in the Hospital compared to other health facilities. The month of February and March shows much higher cases may be due to government implementation of using RTK-AG/ Saliva/ Nasal Kits in diagnosing positive cases to be able to detect cases based on symptoms and reducing the workload in the state or district health department. Non-Work related demonstrate as the most higher cause for the infection to spead might be due to social interaction in between the family members, friends and relative. Other causes of non-work related to be higher is due to loosened regulation in due to Malaysia approaching Endemic state. While work related shows much lower percentage due to health facilities still following the regulation of wearing mask and social distancing while working. The trends of cases, health facilities and causes had a big impact for Occupational Health and Environmental Unit in managing the cases in the state level.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Occupational Health and Environmental Unit, Public Health Division, Department of Health Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, healthcare worker, Infection, Infection trends, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Non Work Related, Putrajaya, State Health Department, Work Related},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-35,
title = {DELTA VARIANT - The Underdog Tale Of Labuan F.T.},
author = {Edwin Cruz and Ismuni Bohari and Mohd Zaki Ab. Hamid},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-35.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-35-6b8cc2d4dca906185553e42f492ce40c.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The F.T. Labuan is located on the Borneo side of the Malaysian Federation. Due to its geography and its tax haven status, it serves as an important hub for the shipping, oil \& gas, and the offshore banking. However, for all the wonders of this territory, it too has similar problems to that of neighbouring states, namely, illegal immigration and the development of a stateless community. Covid-19 had begun its invasion into Malaysia in the late end of January 2020, but it was not until mid-March 2020, when Labuan had her shores breached. It was the beginning of a massive storm, which has yet to end, but the rainbow is more visible these days. These were and are testing times for all agencies involved, as creativity, innovation, and astute moves had to be implemented to halt the spread of the virus. 
CASE DESCRIPTION The War against Covid-19 for Labuan has been well documented, but it was the Battle against the Delta Variant which brought this tiny island to the forefront. Unyielding lockdowns and the initial fear factor made sure Labuan remain unscathed from the First Wave of Covid-19. The Second Wave (synonymous with the Sabah Elections) was a trying period for Labuan, causing Labuan 's transmissibility of Covid-19 to surge up to 1.80. Emergency measures were taken, and within a month, the reduction of the R-naught from 1.80 to 0.50, ensured Labuan was the talk of the town. Labuan then initiated multiple programmes to ensure the road to the Green Zone was within grasp. However, by the end of April 2021, a myriad of contributors played a role in the unexpected surge of Covid-19 cases, namely, the new Variant of Concern (VOC) - Delta, the relaxation of the cordon sanitaire, the gatherings during the Holy Month of Ramadhan and its subsequent festivities of Eid-Al Fitr. This third wave was brutal, in which it brought rise to the number of cases (up to 1,300 cases per week), causing all the quarantine and treatment centres to be filled up. Tough times call for drastic measures, although understaffed and overworked, the entire staff roster was roped in regardless of grade and position to contribute to the fight against the disease. Scrupulous and prudent planning brought about innovative public health measures, which gave new hope that victory was near for both the battle and the war. DISCUSSION: The ongoing continuous surveillance programme, the mobilization of manpower within departments, the vaccination drive, and community empowerment are amongst the various programmes which helped Labuan during the times of despair. Joint efforts by various agencies had contributed greatly to Labuan becoming a poster child for her ongoing success against the Covid-19 disease. Labuan F.T. may be the smallest state / territory of Malaysia, but the gargantuan task it faced due to its geographical and political standing was unique to that of the other territories of the Malaysia Federation. The public health policies undertaken have paved the way towards the fight against other communicable and non-communicable diseases for time to come.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-7,
title = {A Rare Salmonella Enterica Serovar Paratyphi C Infection in a Febrile Child in Kelantan, Malaysia - A Case Report},
author = {Hazlienor Mohd Hatta and Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi and Hasneezah Hassan and Mimi Rodzaimah Abd Karim and Nor Zahrin Hasran},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-7.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-7-Poster-Submission-a556295040e5cf140826db4886fcb1a5.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi while Paratyphoid fever is caused by serovar Paratyphi A, B (S.Schottm\"{u}lleri) or C ( S.Hirschfeldii ). The incidence of these diseases collectively termed enteric fever has reduced dramatically in developed countries but remains endemic in developing countries. Over 25 million cases are still being reported yearly with a higher fatality rate observed among children and the elderly. Although S.Paratyphi B has become dominant recently, S.Paratyphi C infection is rarely reported. This report illustrated the only case of paratyphoid fever in which S.Paratyphi C was isolated by laboratory surveillance in the past decade in Malaysia. 
Case Presentation: This is a case of 1 ½-year-old Malay girl residing in Kuala Krai, Kelantan presented with acute febrile illness, cough and seizure. Gram stain of blood sample on admission revealed Gram-negative bacilli later confirmed as Salmonella species . She was treated for Salmonella bacteremia with pneumonia and febrile fit. She responded well to Cefotaxime. The blood sample was further sent to the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) for serotyping as part of the National Laboratory Surveillance Program. A month after, the Kelantan State Health Department received the confirmation of S.Paratyphi C isolates from the sample. A local epidemiological investigation resumed immediately. All household contacts were asymptomatic while their stool cultures were negative for Salmonella. The child had no history of contact with animals and rarely played in the surrounding of the house. We identified the likely source of contamination to be the main water supply used for drinking and daily activities originating from a Gravity Feed System (GFS). The child 's residence didn't have the access to a safe water supply. The GFS was poorly maintained and exposed to animals. Several plantations housing immigrants with no proper sewage system were also located nearby. The environmental sampling was positive for Salmonella Orientalis. Discussion \& Conclusion: S.Paratyphi C has not been isolated by the NPHL in over ten years. The control measures for typhoid should be equally effective against paratyphoid. However, the finding that this case contracted enteric fever caused by S.Paratyphi C in this country raises the concern about the source of the strain and the manner of transmission in the community. Humans and some animals are the reservoirs and chronic carriers may continue to shed the organism in faeces, but it may survive in the environment for an extended period. However, the transmission is considered to be mostly indirect and predominantly vehicle-borne through contaminated water and food mediated by inadequate hygiene and sanitation. How the source is contaminated may vary, suggesting the importance of local epidemiologic investigation for control and preventive measures. Safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions remain critical in preventing the spread of enteric fever and other diarrheal diseases. The role of migrants in spreading diseases and altering the disease prevalence in a given geographical area must be addressed. Continuous monitoring of infectious disease patterns via laboratory surveillance is important to detect the changes in the epidemiology of enteric fever in this country.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Disease Control Unit, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Kuala Krai District Health Office, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia; National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Enteric fever, Paratyphi C, Paratyphoid},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-33,
title = {Dawn of hope for NAFLD? Alfacholine significantly improve in vitro coagulation homeostasis of T2DM and T2DM with NAFLD patients},
author = {Fui Fui Lem and Valerie Toh and Fong Tyng Chee and Sylvia Aloysius Mobijin and Wan Nursolehah Wan Mohamed and Pamella Michelle Pekit and Norhidayah Danial and Clarice Evey Anjum and Hui Rong Yee and Shing Yi Pan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-33.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/conference-poster-according-to-template-74c1ed807005be854dede1e03e67dc7b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a well-known risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) that poses a public health issue. According to the Lancet, Malaysia is Asia's most obese country, with obese people having a 3.5-fold increased chance of getting NAFLD and indirectly increasing the number of patients with T2DM. There is now no treatment that can help to cure NAFLD, hence drug or medication development is critical. Complementary medicine has been developed as a medicinal agent for decades due to its promising effects. For example, artemisinin is a highly successful natural product-derived medicine that is well-known worldwide. As a result, the objective of this pilot study is to evaluate if Alfacholine can mitigate T2DM patients with NAFLD to maintain coagulation homeostasis in vitro . METHODS Fifty-four subjects were recruited and separated into three groups: healthy subjects (n=20; mean ± SD age: 39.25 ±10.88; mean ± SD BMI: 22.33 ±1.77; FBS: 4.8 ±0.32), T2DM patients (n=14; mean ± SD age: 45.5 ±16.03; mean ± SD BMI: 21.92 ±1.78; FBS: 8.02 ±3.0) and T2DM patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n=20; mean ± SD age: 44.75 ±10.19; mean ± SD BMI: 36.45 ±4.03; FBS: 8.21 ±2.57). The blood was collected and processed to obtain plasma in order to determine the coagulation effect (PT, APTT, and fibrinogen) before and after the addition of Alfacholine. 
RESULTS After treating the plasma with Alfacholine, paired t-tests revealed a significant mean difference in PT of the healthy ( p \<0.05) and T2DM with NAFLD ( p \<0.001) but not in T2DM subjects. Furthermore, all three groups revealed a decrease of fibrinogen in blood coagulation activity ( p \<0.001). Interestingly, only plasma from healthy patients treated with Alfacholine exhibited a significant decrease in APTT ( p \<0.05). DISCUSSION Alfacholine improves not only the PT coagulation result in T2DM with NAFLD patients via an extrinsic pathway but also the coagulation result of fibrinogen in T2DM patients via a common pathway, according to the findings. To show the mitigation is from only Alfacholine itself, chi-square analysis revealed there is no association between coagulation assays and other parameters (age, weight, height, BMI, waist measurement, total cholesterol, LDL, ALT, ALP) after Alfacholine treatment for all subjects. To summarize, Alfacholine helps individuals with T2DM and T2DM with NAFLD by improving the insulin resistance in the liver through a different pathway.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Clinical Research Centre; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Luyang Health Clinic; Pejabat Kesihatan Kawasan Kota Kinabalu; Baden Research \& Testing Lab (Asia Pac) Sdn Bhd},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-32,
title = {COVID-19 Patients Under Investigation - How Much Did It Cost for Klang District Health Office?},
author = {Intan Syafinaz Saimy and Noraziani Khamis and Nur Khairah Badaruddin and Nor Zam Azihan Mohd Hassan and Nor Hayati Ibrahim and Faridah Kusnin and Masitah Mohamed and Sukhvinder Singh Sandhu},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-32.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P32-IntanSyafinaz-088f82783a50e58a0fb7e790100753f3.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: A District Health Office (DHO) functions as the center for public health measures at local level during any outbreaks in Malaysia more so during the COVID-19 pandemic. Management of an outbreak generally requires a sizable amount of budget and at local level administratively disease control activities are managed by the DHO. This study aims to determine the costs of public health measures for COVID-19 Patient Under Investigation (PUI) at DHO from a provider's perspective. 
Methodology: A cross sectional study design conducted in Klang DHO from January until May 2020 where the study phases was categorized according to the phases of the first Movement Control Order (MCO). Data on COVID-19 related patients, activities and expenses were collected from Klang DHO's administrative officers and relevant health care workers based on the DHO 's process of care flow for public health measures that was developed earlier with stakeholder 's consultation. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were predetermined to fit in the study objectives. PUIs and Persons Under Surveillance (PUS) were listed using Microsoft Excel Version 2205 and mapped based on the identified activities. Subsequently, cost per activity was estimated. Micro costing approach was adopted for cost data and data was grouped according to different cost category. Each of the resources for each activity was quantified based on price in 2020 in Malaysian Ringgit. The activities and cost data related to PUIs were extracted from this larger study for further analysis. 
Results: A total of 3746 PUIs were seen at health facilities or managed under Klang DHO where 345, 1829 and 1571 cases were from Phase 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Across all three phases, total cost for PUI was a range of RM191,355.45 to RM319,349.72. For human resource category, the total PUI cost was a range of RM153,836.08 to 281,830.35. In Phase 1 the minimum cost was RM8,687.20 where it jumped in trend in Phase 2 and then decreases slightly at RM66,874.88 in Phase 3 while the maximum cost showed the same pattern at RM19,056.60 in Phase 1 and RM94,788.85 in Phase 3. As for the others category which consists of costs for personal protective equipment, consumables together with other related items, the total cost was RM37,519.14 in which RM1,903.26 was in Phase 1, followed by a rise in trend in Phase 2 and 3 at RM17,304.97 and RM18,311.14 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The results had shown the characteristics of PUIs in Klang DHO during the first MCO in Malaysia. This information will be useful for subsequent analysis as these results have not included the costs of managing other types of cases such as the PUS or costs from supporting activities during the pandemic. Results of this study are aimed at managers in handling their activities and resources for prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Management; Klang District Health Office},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-31,
title = {COVID-19 Lockdown-related Overweight and Obesity among Adults: A Scoping Review},
author = {Nik Qistina Nik Abd Rahim and Elliza Mansor and Norliza Ahmad and Aidalina Mahmud},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-31.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-31--f8e8a9fd3d2f45a70a789702fcd5e392.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Obesity is a problem affecting large proportions of the world population, in which 52% worldwide fall into the overweight and obesity group. With the recent occurrence of the COVID-19 lockdown, the affected population had to adapt by modifying their daily lifestyles and developing new habits in their everyday lives. Therefore, this scoping review aims to determine the influence of the lockdown on overweight and obesity among adults during this pandemic and its associated factors. 
Methods: This scoping review was conducted by utilizing the established scoping review framework by Arksey \& O'Malley. Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies that fulfilled our review objectives. 
Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Our scoping review highlighted that the period of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has some influence on obesity among the adult population. This influence is in the form of changes in eating behavior, including emotional eating and frequency of the meals and snacks, unhealthy dietary intake, lack of physical activity and increased time on sedentary behaviors. Certain sociodemographic characteristics include being female, older age, educational level, and economic and marital status, and influence on mental health and sleep, among contributing factors identified. Conclusion: Increased efforts to manage overweight and obesity need to be put in place mainly in the post-pandemic situation to curb the health impact of overweight and obesity.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Ministry of Defence, Kuala Lumpur; Ministry of Health, Putrajaya; Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia},
keywords = {obesity; weight gain; lockdown; quarantine; COVID-19; pandemic; lifestyle change; review; influence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-30,
title = {COVID-19 Infection Among Orang Asli: The Urgency of Individual Patients Versus Population-Specific Management in Batang Padang District, Perak, Malaysia},
author = {Nadrah Arfizah Arifin and Ahmad Akmal Ahmad Nizam and Nor Akmal Mohamad Salleh and Norhaslinda Abdul Malek and Zawawi Din and Zainal Abidin Habiburrahman and Raja Mohd Azim Raja Harun},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-30.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-30-80695ad1f615726161a864b0adad3297.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The devastated worldwide SARS-CoV2 infection from 2020 to 2021 has greatly impacted the population across ethnic groups in Malaysia, not to spare the indigenous group. Orang Asli (OA) is the main indigenous population in Malaysian Peninsular, and Batang Padang has the highest number of OA per district in the country. This study aims to describe sociodemographic factors which might have influenced the outbreak and patient management during the critical COVID-19 outbreak period and evaluate factors that might have contributed to the outcome of COVID-19 infections among OA in Batang Padang district. 
Methods: The existing primary data of COVID-19 infection among OA from Batang Padang district between 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021 was explored and analyzed retrospectively using IBM SPSS v23 for both descriptive and exploratory, subsequently reviewed collectively. 
Results: COVID-19 among OA encountered 25% of the total 11,798 all-COVID-19 cases, with higher case fatality rate (CFR) within the OA population (1.9%) compared to all-ethnicities COVID-19 CFR within the Batang Padang district (1.2%) and national rate (0.9%). High COVID-19 mortality was following the delta-variant of SARS-CoV2 predominant infection with the first COVID-19 case among OA in Perak state resulted in mortality was from Batang Padang district. Brought-in-death COVID19 cases was higher for OA (10.3%) compared to COVID-19 deaths of other ethnicities in Batang Padang (7.5%). While around one-third (35.4%) adult patients of other ethnicities aged between 18 to 59 years died of COVID19, however the mortality involving OA adult patients was observed to be almost half (48.1%) of COVID-19 deaths in OA population. One factor identified as substantial evidence was the locations of OA settlements which mostly far from existing healthcare facilities, hence the outbreak management had included initiatives to reach out and isolate the affected individuals using population approach rather than individual care. Discussion: The outcomes of COVID-19 infections among OA populations in Batang Padang district were contributed mainly by challenges in access for urgent case intervention following confirmed diagnosis during the critical outbreak. Even though early intervention using population-specific approach was initiated with multi-agencies and public-private partnership collaborations to isolate and treat them in a dedicated low-risk COVID-19 center, however prompt outbreak management for OA population in the case of large-scale disease outbreak still need to be re-visited. As many lessons learnt from this mass outbreak, a better infectious disease outbreak preparedness plan specific for OA population in Batang Padang district could be prepared in the future.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Batang Padang District Health Office, Tapah, Perak, Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, indigenous population, outbreak management, population-specific control measures, Semai-Orang Asli},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-29,
title = {Cluster Sauh Gading : A COVID-19 cluster at sea},
author = {Nik Anisuddin Atiqi Wan Abdul Rahman},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-29.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-29-0ff20ebbd03bcfb9738edc8b39766ebe.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: As a result of the Covid 19 pandemic, all sectors of the world's economy have been severely affected. An offshore platform is a workplace with complex facilities and limited space due to complex installed equipment and components. Therefore, there is a high risk of Covid-19 outbreak in confined spaces with poor ventilation. Covid-19 can be easily transmitted due to the close physical distance, confined space, poor ventilation, and inadequate use of face masks. Consequently, this workplace is one of the workplaces susceptible to Covid-19 outbreak. 
Methodology: This is a cross sectional study using data from notification port health unit of Pasir Puteh health district from January - February 2022. All person on board of the platform were taken as sample. Positive cases of Covid-19 defined as a person with or without symptoms with swab Rt-PCR positive. The data then was analysed with SPSS version 21. 
Result: A total of 74 offshore worker on board were recoded. All workers are male and the mean age is 37.7 years old. There is about 40 percent of offshore worker have been infected on the platform. From the positive cases it was found that 57 percent of the workers has symptoms, 83 percent had no booster dose and 60 percent of them are working and stayed at the same level, which is level 2. Only 2 factors that found significant on this study, which is the vaccination status and duration of time they stayed on the platform. Discussion: In general, the findings of this study are consistent to other studies. It also proves that our standard of operating procedure used so far been proven to be true, which the main aim to stop the Covid-19 transmission. The preparation works included personnel disembarkation control mechanism, health assessment, evaluation of company self-paid Covid-19 test capacity and worker quarantine before and after they were mobilised to the platform. Since the Covid-19 pandemic is still severe, it is necessary to continue assessing each risks , adjusting quarantine period accordingly and cross-departmental cooperation in port to ensure the prevention and control of outbreak and the continuity of the industry. More studies are needed in the future for the sustainability of all.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Pasir Puteh},
keywords = {COVID-19 offshore workers epidemiology, Offshore workplace, oil and gas industries.},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-28,
title = {Cluster Of Acute Neurological Syndromes Related to Zinc Phosphide Poisoning Detected At Fishing Island In Selangor},
author = {Nur Adibah MS and Harishah T and Siti Hasmah I and Sukhvinder SS and Tan SF and Rosnawati MR and Venugopalan B and Sharizat and Ngadiman S.},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-28.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-APCPH2022-P-28-3934ddeb28dd428742e0aa644b10d576.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Few acute neurological syndrome illnesses including death had been reported since late 2020 involving two families residing in a fishing island in Selangor. An investigation has been conducted involving the Health Department together with Environmental, Chemistry and Agricultural Departments to identify the cause of the incident. 
Methods: Active search of suspected cases were conducted 500m surrounding index houses using standard case definition. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews of cases or guardians using a modified and standard questionnaire. Treatment records of each case were reviewed. Information collected was sociodemographic, clinical, diet and chemical usage history. Blood samples were tested to rule out evidence of poisoning. Environmental inspection was conducted to look for evidence of any chemical-based control activities. Drinking water, items for cooking, available chemicals, swab surface and environmental samples like earth and herb leaves in the affected houses were tested to look for poisonous agents. 
Results: Out of 369 island populations, six (6, 1.62%) cases from 2 related families fulfilled the case definition from 2nd December 2020 until 18th January 2021 with a CFR of 50%,3) and all had co-morbidities. The age of the cases ranged from 3 months old to 81 years old (Median: 30.5 years old). Five (5,83.3%) cases presented with seizures while two (2,33.3%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. No significant common meals were detected. Two (2) cases were brought in dead, one (1) was admitted and died in hospital, two (2) cases were admitted and discharged, and one (1) case was treated as an outpatient. Blood samples of two cases revealed the presence of zinc phosphide while the rest of the clinical and environmental investigation failed to detect any significant findings. Rat carcasses were observed surrounding the house occasionally. Conclusions: A cluster of acute zinc phosphide poisoning reported in a fishing island, localised to two related families. The mechanism of exposure could not be determined but was most probably caused by cross-contamination while preparing the food. Immediate evacuation and health education to family members have stopped the occurrence of the illness. Continuous surveillance, health education and enforcement of the chemical usage should be strengthened to prevent a similar incident from happening.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Klang District Health Office; KLIA Health Office; Petaling District Health Office; National Institute of Health; Selangor State Health Department},
keywords = {acute neurological syndrome, fishing island, zinc phosphide},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-27,
title = {Cluster Control Strategy: First longhouse COVID-19 cluster in Sarawak, Malaysia.},
author = {Emmanuel Joseph Fong Tsung and Jamie Lo Chieng Yee},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-27.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-27-final-edited-79e89be7515775e48cf5eb9d4c5008e4.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Cluster Mador was the first longhouse COVID-19 cluster declared in Sarawak. This cluster posed a unique challenge by being the first cluster within the longhouse setting. This study reviews the experience gained from managing the cluster within the longhouse setting. It describes the epidemiology of the cluster outbreak, the cluster control strategies used within a longhouse setting, and presents unique physical and cultural considerations in managing longhouse outbreaks in Sarawak. 
Methodology: Public health report, field epidemiological investigation report and results of all cases and contacts to the index case were analysed. All nasopharyngeal swab samples were analysed using RT-PCR to detect the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Results: A total of n=8 cases (including index case) were reported from this longhouse cluster outbreak. It was a family cluster outbreak on a background of various potential amplification events. The index case was an import case from known outbreak areas (outside of Sarawak) and local transmission was driven by intensity of interaction between case and contacts. The index case had a total of n=155 close family contacts and longhouse contact in this outbreak. Their mean age was 34.7 (SD 22.60) years and were mainly males (52.26%). Positive secondary cases were detected mainly amongst family members (n=6, 85.7%) including parents, sibling, nephews and nieces. All positive cases (n=8) were admitted to the hospital and had an uneventful recovery and discharge. These positive cases were mainly Category I (n=5, 62.5%) and Category II (n=3, 37.5%) during detection. Further enhanced surveillance and mass community screening (n=851) within the district showed no positive cases. Discussion: A four-pronged cluster control strategy was employed: (i.) Rapid deployment, (ii.) Extensive ACD, (iii.) Targeted testing, and (iv.) Enhanced surveillance. Key considerations in managing the cluster include: (i.) an understanding of the culture and physical structure layout of an Iban longhouse which encourages communal gathering at the Ruai (common area), (ii.) awareness of amplification events such as year-end gatherings, population movement, and celebrations, (iii.) limited testing capacity and turn-around-time of laboratory results, (iv.) immunologically na\~{A}¯ve population, and (v.) managing community expectations and risk communication. This first outbreak within a longhouse in Sarawak demonstrated the importance of adapting outbreak control strategies according to the local cultural, structural, and geographical setting. Furthermore, it serves to inform future planning of strategies as well as resilience building among the community.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sarikei Divisional Health Office, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Family Health Development Branch, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {cluster control, Covid-19, longhouse, Sarawak, strategy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-26,
title = {Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Malaysia},
author = {Santhi Subramaniam and Sharifah Nora Abu Bakar and Zahrin Hasran},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-26.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-FINAL-d19570b2649eb1e6e7caf282b95253ac.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: In December 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of outbreak cases of pneumonia which related with a novel coronavirus in Wuhan City, Hubei Province (1). The epidemic then has escalated and rapidly spread around, with the WHO first declaring a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30th January 2020 (2) and on 11th March 2020 it was declared as pandemic (3). Until 16th June 2022, Malaysia recorded 4.5 million confirmed cases with 30,368 deaths. Many countries are facing tough battle although preventive and control measures are in place due to the virus mutation. This impacts the rate of transmission, symptoms and severity. These alarmed to strengthen the surveillance by monitoring the variant of this virus to guide responding to this pandemic. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was started in Malaysia as early as January 2021 by selected laboratories targeting the travelers at point of entry in Malaysia. It then expanded to other samples involving many more laboratories which include the university and public health laboratories. 
Objective: This study aims to describe circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains detected in Malaysia from January 2021 to May 2022. 
Methods: Laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 samples were selected for WGS according to criteria, which are CT Value of less than 30, involving surveillance, point of entry and unusual outbreak in a certain district/area. WGS done by respective laboratories from January 2021 until May 2022 was compiled in a single worksheet. The worksheet includes individual demographic features as well as the requestors (state/district). Data was extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. 
Results: A total of 12,863 SARS-CoV-2 samples underwent WGS from January 2021 to May 2022. Cumulatively, the variants detected are dominated by Variant of Concern - Delta (56%) and Omicron (42%) while the rest are below 2% from the total samples - Beta (n: 233), Alpha (n: 14), Theta (n: 13), Kappa (n: 4) and Eta (n: 3). There is an apparent transition of SARS-CoV-2 variant and its correlation with number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported over time. The infection has increased abruptly during EW31 to EW 35/2021, Delta being the predominant strain. There was a surge starting EW 6/2022 and reached the peak at EW 10/2022 (n: 205,864), coinciding with Omicron becoming the dominating strain. More than half of the confirmed Omicron cases are local transmission with highest detection in Sarawak (n: 1,762) followed by Selangor (n: 887) and Johor (n: 448). Omicron is more transmissible than Delta evidenced by the rapid increase and highest infection within shorter period of time. Hospitalization rate has reduced by half during the peak of Omicron detection. Discussion and Conclusion: There is obvious shift of Omicron variant of over time aligning with the current trend globally. It is expected to have new variants in view of public health safety measures are lifted to accommodate the livelihood sustenance. Strengthening and expanding genomic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is crucial to ensure emerging variants are monitored, help guide prevention of future outbreaks, country 's containment as well as clinical management.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: National Public Health Laboratory},
keywords = {Genome sequencing, Omicron, SARS-CoV-2},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-6,
title = {A Nationwide Survey on the Implementation on Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes In Malaysia Hospitals},
author = {Nor Farah Bakhtiar and Suraya Amir Husin and Nor Hayati Ibrahim and Noor Amelia Abd Rasid and Sara Sofia Yahya and Shahnaz Md Nor and Suhaily Othman and Norhanida Sharifuddin and Che Liza Che Abdullah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-6.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/7thAPCPH-2022-Poster-Presentation-IPCAF-70098ed83b3a3f0030cde5859b3af822.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is one of the 8 pillars of the public health response in any infectious health emergency disaster. It also serves as a basic requirement for outbreak preparedness and a critical element of readiness. World Health Organization (WHO) has released IPC Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool to support the implementation of the Guidelines on core components of IPC programmes at the acute health care facility level. The WHO IPCAF is a systematic tool that can provide a baseline assessment of the IPC programme and activities within a health care facility, as well as ongoing evaluations through repeated administration to document progress over time and facilitate improvement. 
Method: Acute health facilities (in-patient setting) from public and private were invited to join the study by completing the WHO IPCAF questionnaires I. A total of 128 hospitals participated in this study from Jan to April 2019. The questionnaires are divided into 8 sections reflecting the eight WHO IPC core components (IPC Programmes, Guidelines, Training, Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance, Multimodal Strategies, Monitoring \& Feedback, Workload, Staffing and Bed, and Build Environment) and comprises of 81 indicators. Points are allocated to the individual answers of each question and the maximum score of each component are 100 points. The maximum overall score is 800 and is calculated by adding the total scores of all 8 components. Based on the total scores of IPCAF, facilities were categorised into INADEQUATE (0-200), BASIC (201-400), INTERMEDIATE (401-600) and ADVANCE (601-800) IPC level. 
Results: One hundred and twenty-eight hospitals participated in the survey. Majority were public hospitals (123), 4 private hospitals and 1 teaching hospital. With regards to level of care, majority hospitals were primary (71) followed by tertiary (38), secondary (18) and 1 teaching hospital. All participating hospitals achieved an ADVANCED level of IPC. The overall IPCAF median score was highest in teaching hospital (742.5) followed by secondary (736.2), tertiary (697.5) and primary level hospital (685.0). Core component IPC guidelines showed maximum score (100 points). The other 4 core components ( IPC Programmes, Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance, Monitoring \& Feedback, and Build Environment) scored 90 or more points. Whereas, Workload, staffing and bed component scored the lowest with median score of 75. Discussion: Based on the result, IPC structures in majority of acute health facilities are at a relatively high level. However, more attention should be given to the ""workload, staffing and bed management"" component. It is recommended that further studies need to be conducted to assess the improvement of the common identified areas or issues. This will help the IPC programme to develop an action plan at the national level to address them.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Medical Care Quality Section, Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF), IPC core components},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-5,
title = {A Nationwide Survey on the Hand Hygiene Improvement in Malaysia Hospitals Using the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) Tool},
author = {Suraya Amir Husin and Nor Farah Bakhtiar and Nor Hayati Ibrahim and Noor Amelia Abd Rasid and Sara Sofia Yahya and Shahnaz Md Nor and Suhaily Othman and Norhanida Sharifuddin and Che Liza Che Abdullah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-5.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/POSTER-HHSAF-2019-for-APCPH-1e96a408d717ca817e4173bf69b9728f.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Hand hygiene is one of the most critical, simplest and cheapest measures in reducing both the spread of health care associated infection and multidrug-resistant organisms, hence improve patient safety and reduce healthcare cost. World Health Organization (WHO) has developed Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) tool to assist individual countries or health facilities to assess and track the progress in hand hygiene improvement initiatives. The tool was designed using a multi modal improvement strategies approach, focusing on 5 key components as well as Leadership criteria. Leadership criteria have been identified to recognise facilities that are considered a reference centre and contribute to the promotion of hand hygiene through research, innovation and information sharing. 
Methods: Malaysia healthcare facilities from public and private were invited to participate in the survey using the WHO HHSAF questionnaire form through online platform. The questionnaire was divided into 5 components and 27 indicators of improvement measures i.e. system change (hand hygiene infrastructure), training and educational activities, performance monitoring and feedback, reminders in workplace and institutional safety climate . The highest point for each component is 100. The overall hand hygiene performance for each health facilities was categorized into INADEQUATE (0-125 points), BASIC (126-250 points), INTERMEDIATE (251-375 points) and ADVANCE (376-500 points). Hospitals in ADVANCE category are qualified to proceed with additional component that is Leadership. The maximum points for this criteria are 20. The period for data collection was from January to April 2019. Statistical and descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. 
Results: 126 hospitals participated in the survey where majority were public hospitals (122), 3 private hospitals and 1 teaching hospital. The overall HHSAF scores for public hospitals were between INTERMEDIATE and ADVANCED level with median score of 450. All 3 private hospitals achieved ADVANCED level with a median score of 455. Meanwhile, teaching hospital achieved INTERMEDIATE level with a median score of 337.5. The median score for the components of Training and education, Evaluation and feedback, and Reminders in the workplace were 90, 95 and 95 respectively. The lowest median score for the HHSAF components were the systems change (85) and institutional safety climate (85). High proportion of hospitals were qualified for the leadership level (79%). Discussion: This study provides an opportunity to reflect on existing resources and helps to identify key issues which require further consideration and improvement. Majority of participating hospitals have achieved substantial level in each of the component. It is recommended that this study to be conducted annually to monitor hand hygiene multi modal improvement activities and necessary interventions be taken to strengthen patient safety.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Medical Care Quality Section, Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {hand hygiene, hand hygiene self-assessment framework, patient safety},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-4,
title = {A Case Series of Mushroom Poisoning in Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2021.},
author = {Azreena Che Abdullah and Zainal Abidin Bin Abu Bakar and Nur Sofiani Diana Mohammed Yusoff},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-4.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/E-POSTER-A-Case-Series-of-Mushroom-Poisoning-in-Putrajaya-2021-d579db8ffa7d60ec1a6088a06b2b732b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Mushroom poisoning has been a problem for many years, and its effects can be severe enough to cause organ failure and death. There are about 200-300 edible mushrooms, while 50-100 are considered poisonous. The toxicity status of some mushroom species has not been established. There are considerable variations in the incidence of mushroom poisoning across the world, depending on local traditions, lifestyle, climate and the types of wild mushrooms that are found. Most signs and symptoms of mushroom poisoning are mild to moderate gastrointestinal manifestations; such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mushroom poisoning is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. This is a case series of a family (4 people) presented with mushroom poisoning which has been picked up at their house lawn which was mistaken for edible "" cendawan busut"". A family consisting of 43 year old father and his three children age at 15, 11 and 8 years old. All of them resides in Precinct 11 Putrajaya, Malaysia and consumed wild mushrooms during breaking fast. Those mushrooms were plucked at their lawn and cooked by the mother as soup. The first onset was the 15 year old child whom experienced abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The child had consumed the entire mushrooms while the others only took the soup. He was observed in the Emergency Department for a day. The other 3 cases experienced milder symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, they were treated as outpatient care. Sample of the mushroom was sent to the Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. The result revealed that the mushroom was Chlorophyllum molybdites which is a poisonous mushroom contains a wide variety of undetermined toxins (gastrointestinal irritants). Therefore no specific chemical analysis was able to be conducted. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal distress after 30 to 90 minutes being eaten. Mushroom poisoning is not new in Malaysia, many studies have reported attending these cases in the hospital. Therefore we recommend that any cases with AGE symptoms should include mushroom poisoning as one of the differential diagnosis in view of its implications. The community should also be aware of toxic mushrooms and should not consume the wild mushrooms found in their area. Thus, community education should be done from time to time to ensure that the public is aware of poisonous mushrooms.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan WP Putrajaya},
keywords = {case series, Chlorophyllum molybdites, Malaysia, mushroom poisoning, Putrajaya},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-3,
title = {A Case Report on Influenza Outbreak of a Boarding School in Bachok, Kelantan},
author = {Norain Ahmad and Norhasnizal Mohamad Yusof and Syakinah Mohamed and Nor Azlina Sunita Johari and Mohd Hasrol Nizan Mat Yaakub and Razan Ab. Samat},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-3.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-Influenza-Bachok-ACPHC-3bfe7a95037b1ebaffa29faf5ea9a15e.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In Malaysia, seasonal flu or influenza infections are common. Influenza infection is typically seen all year, with no discernible seasonal trends. Although influenza A is more commonly reported than influenza B, year-to-year variations can be significant. 
OBJECTIVE: To identify the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, its risk factors, and possible prevention and control measures of Influenza outbreak of a boarding school. 
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was carried out using active case detection to identify exposed respondents and potentially infected individuals. A descriptive analysis was performed to identify characteristics of infected people and the transmission trends. An investigation of the outbreak area and laboratory samples from infected people were also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 47 students out of 282 were infected, with 9 cases detected passively and 38 cases detected actively. Of the total, 35 cases (74.5%) were boys and 12 (25.5%) were girls, with the majority being form 1 student. Cough (59.0 %), runny nose (55.3%), sore throat (31.9%), headache (25.5%), and fever were the most common symptoms (25.5%). Dorm 23 (boys' room) had the highest attack rate of 43.2% (n = 36). Two of the five samples tested positive for Influenza A but negative for COVID-19 and RSV. 
DISCUSSION: The health clinic notified health district office (PKD) after nine students from the same school sought treatment there. As influenza like illness (ILI) and upper respiratory trat infection (URTI) surveillance was an ongoing system, the health clinic was able to identify potential outbreaks and alert PKD for further assessment and evaluation. For PKD Bachok, a session of ILI surveillance data collection audit had been done in December 2021 to ensure that the surveillance process happened although the healthcare system was overwhelmed with COVID-19 on that time, and this really helped early detection of this outbreak. Compact dorm rooms with poor ventilation, limited shared bathroom space, and noncompliance with new standard operation procedures (SOP) were risk factors for the outbreak. It was found that adherence to SOPs is getting looser in the community especially in institution during this endemic transition phase. Ill patients were isolated and given appropriate care. Fortunately, all cases were treated as outpatients. Students and teachers at the school were taught about health promotion and SOP. CONCLUSION: Influenza was a disease that is easily transmitted, especially in confined or crowded areas. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, other respiratory infections were expected to be controlled because the community had been educated on the new norm. Inadequate adherence will result in an outbreak.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Bachok District Health Office, Bachok, Kelantan},
keywords = {influenza, outbreak, School, surveillance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-2,
title = {2-Heal: The development of a mental health application for Malaysian young people},
author = {Nik Daliana Nik Farid and Nur Asyikin Yakub and Nurul Syafika Amir Hamzah and Kishwen Kanna Yoga Ratnam and Haslina Muhamad and Nur Liyana Shuib and Mohd Khalit Othman and Maznah Dahlui},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-2.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-2-APCPH-e-Poster-Nik-Daliana-Nik-Farid-670cedacfcfab44031c9420753b128da.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Mental health promotion and prevention of mental illness should be integrated into broader efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular, Goal 3 to help mitigate the incidence and prevalence of the disorder. Adolescence is a critical time for physical, cognitive, and social development. It also marks a period in which there is a steep increase in the prevalence of mental health difficulties. This highlights the need for mental health apps that have the potential to reach young people who would otherwise not receive help by removing the barriers to treatment. The aim of this study is to develop a mental health self-screening tool for a mobile app and to assess the app 's usefulness. Methods: 2-Heal is a smartphone-based app for dealing with the mental health issues of people. It is developed through the partnership efforts of researchers from various disciplines such as public health, psychology, and computer science from the University of Malaya. This app enables the screening of the users ' emotional states, including depression, anxiety, and stress and provides psychoeducation and activities for improving their mental wellbeing. The app 's screening component was developed based on a causal structure related to risks and protective factors surrounding the mental health of Malaysian youth. This structure was established on the grounds of a qualitative study, which included interviewing 28 youths aged between 15 and 22 years from the urban areas of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor and a systematic review of the literature on mental health screening tools. Using Google Forms, the screening tool was administered to 154 youths. The scale reliability was examined using Cronbach 's alpha coefficient. The usefulness of this app was subsequently evaluated among Malaysian users. Results: It was found that the app 's internal reliabilities for depression, anxiety, and stress were 0.82, 0.90, and 0.92, respectively. It was also observed that the app was accessible, and the screening questions were easy to understand by the users. In addition, most users were of the view that the app was helpful in managing their emotions. Discussion: The tough challenges faced by adolescents demand the development of an innovative solution to address the surge in mental health problems. The results of this study demonstrate that 2-Heal has the potential to assist in the mental health services for adolescents and improve their mental health literacy.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Department of Anthropology \& Sociology, Faculty of Arts \& Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Department of Information System, Faculty of Computer Science \& Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Department Of Research, Development \& Innovation, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-1,
title = {10-year transmission dynamics of endemic infectious diseases in Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya and impacts of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on its trends},
author = {Harpreeta Kaur A/P Ajit Singh and Yuvashini Devy and Rosvinder Singh},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-1.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/10-year-transmission-dynamics-of-endemic-infectious-diseases-in--7f55bcb3a4803c7baace115c2ea08bbe.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Understanding the dynamics of infectious disease transmission in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya can provide important insights into its various confounding factors. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) is known to affect healthcare-seeking behavior, access to healthcare, test strategies, disease notification, and workload at public health authorities but may also lead to a true change in the transmission dynamics of other infectious diseases under surveillance. This study aims to determine the 10-year trend of infectious diseases under surveillance in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and the impact of NPIs implemented during the pandemic on the transmission of endemic diseases. 

Method: It is an observational study on all notifiable infectious diseases in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya between 2013 to epidemiological week 22/2022. Data on weekly cases were retrieved from web-based GIS systems used by the Ministry of Health which include E- Notis, E-Denggi, SM2, NAR, and MyTB. A trend analysis was conducted to plot the trends of diseases over the decade as well as against the various time frames of the non-pharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic. 

Results: In this 10-year study period, 2019 recorded the highest number of registered infectious diseases (24,672) with Dengue contributing to 63% of this total. There was a declining trend of 33% and 71% of overall cases reported in 2020 and 2021 respectively. Two years into the pandemic, in 2021, case numbers decreased across all disease categories except for Chikungunya which increased by 9700%. Case numbers decreased the most for HFMD, Dengue, Measles, Pertussis, Gonorrhoea, and Leptospirosis. The less affected infections were HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. A post-pandemic surge of HFMD cases and ILI consultation rate was notable. Discussion: A change in the trend of notifiable infectious diseases under surveillance was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of NPIs. A build-up of susceptibility during the control period may have contributed to a post-pandemic surge. Longer NPI may overlap with seasonal peaks forcing larger future outbreaks. Further in-depth studies are important in order to understand each factor and its impact on the dynamics of infectious diseases transmission for improved holistic public health interventions to ensure the endemicity of all diseases is sustained.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Surveillance Unit, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Health Department, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-92,
title = {Private Outpatient Utilisation among B40: Who are they?},
author = {Anis Syakira Jailani and Suhana Jawahir and Fun Weng Hong and Sondi Sararaks},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-92.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/posterb40_apcph_final_250722-6f6a484ae6688f9b04051af9180cd46c.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Everyone deserves an equitable chance to access health care. Income-related inequality occurs when there are disparities in health care utilisation across different income groups. This paper aimed to describe the characteristics of those utilised private outpatient services among the bottom 40% of the Malaysian household income (B40) group. 
Methods: This study used data from the National Health Morbidity Survey 2019. The B40 group followed the definition defined by the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). Descriptive analysis was performed using STATA version 12, with survey weights applied. A total of 879 respondents, estimated to represent 1.3 million B40 adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia who utilised outpatient care in the past 2 weeks prior to the survey were included for analysis. 
Results: Overall, 28.2% (95% CI: 23.5-33.5) of adults who utilised private outpatient services were in the B40 group. Amongst the B40 who utilised private outpatient services, higher proportion were females (55.6%, 95% CI: 45.9-64.7), residing in urban locality (77.3%; 95% CI: 70.3-83.1), married (64.5%, 95% CI: 55.6-72.5) and in the age group of 18-34 years old (41.7%, 95% CI: 33.0-50.1). Of these, majority received secondary education (43.6%, 95% CI: 34.1-53.6), working (68.3%, 95% CI:58.7-76.6) and had employer health coverage (61.3%, 95% CI: 51.4-70.4). Most of them reported health problems in the past 2 weeks prior to the interview (88.0%, 95% CI: 79.8-93.1), rated their health status as good to excellent (63.2%, 95% CI: 53.5-71.9), and had no history of diabetes, hypertension or hypercholesterolemia (69.4%, 95% CI: 60.7-76.9). More than half of the B40 group paid for outpatient services out-of-pocket (60.5%, 95% CI: 50.4-69.8), with a median of RM 70 (IQR: 45,107). Discussion: About 1 in 3 adults who utilised the private outpatient services were in the B40 group. Despite many health packages and policies being designed to protect and benefit the B40 group, many B40 households opted for private health services using out-of-pocket payments. Although some might be covered by employer healthcare plans, further research is needed to explore their unmet needs in healthcare utilisation.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health},
keywords = {health care utilisation, outpatient care},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-101,
title = {Rotavirus Cluster and Machang District Experience},
author = {Sahrol Nizam AB and Mohd Firdaus M and Mohd Azizul and Mursyida and Zolnaidi},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-101.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-101-DR-SAHROL-NIZAM-920bde11dacbd896bc1ac72efe2e4609.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Rotavirus infection seldom being reported in Malaysia. It was a common cause of diarrhoea among children less than five years old. The common presentations were diarrhoea and vomiting. Hence, they were often diagnosed as Acute Gastroenteritis. 
Methodology: A notification received from the Government Hospital. An investigation was carried out to identify the causative agent for the outbreak and furthermore to control the outbreak. A cross-sectional study was done using interviewed method. A case definition for this outbreak was a children who attended Taska with acute onset of vomiting and or diarrhoea from 18th May 2022 onwards. Stool samples were sent to the laboratory for confirmations. 
Results: The attacked rate was 25% (29 cases/115 persons were exposed). The symptoms were diarrhoea (90%), fever (66%), nausea and vomiting (59%), abdominal pain (20%) and lethargy (7%). All cases ere not vaccinated for Rotavirus. Rotavirus was detected as the causative agents in four samples taken . Discussion: The causative agent Rotavirus was identified. The outbreak was controlled by active case detections, isolation, health education and closure of the Taska for cleaning and disinfection. High index of suspicion was needed among medical practitioner to diagnosed Rotavirus infection among children aged less than 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis symptoms with unknown food source. Need to consider for Rotavirus vaccination among children age less than 5 years old.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Machang, Kelantan},
keywords = {Acute Gastroenteritis, Diarrhoea, Rotavirus, Taska, Vomiting},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-100,
title = {Risk Factors of Severe Clinical Outcome Covid-19 Cases In Kulim, Kedah Between August And December 2021},
author = {Farah Fatin Fauzi and Elliza Mansor and Muhammad Suhail Abdul Wali and Cik Normadiah Said and Alias Abd. Aziz},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-100.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Elliza-mansor_APCPH2022-P-100-20a6d1bd85bf4226d951ce0321ae1021.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: As of December 26, 2021, Malaysia had more than 2.7 million COVID-19 cases, with more than 166 thousand cases, or 6.1% reported in Kedah. Additionally, over 21% are from Kulim District, which makes this district among those with a high number of COVID-19 in Kedah. This study aimed to determine the risk factor of severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 cases in Kulim, Kedah. 
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study utilising COVID-19 data gathered from routine daily district surveillance and collected by the Kulim COVID-19 Assessment Centre (CAC) between August 1 2021, and December 15 2021. From all 27649 subject data in the sampling frame, the final analysis included those that met the selection criteria using a simple random sampling method with a final sample size of 2269. 
Results: From the final model of multiple logistic regression analysis, severe clinical outcome was found to be 56 times higher in those aged 60 years and more (aOR, 56.4; 95% CI, 12.61-252.38), followed by those in the age group of 46 to 59 years old (aOR, 7.31; 95% CI, 1.59-33.62). Unvaccinated COVID-19 patients were found to be 2.7 times more at risk of severe clinical outcomes (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.56-4.69) compared to those being fully vaccinated with two doses of COVID-19 vaccine cases. Having symptoms upon diagnosis of COVID-19 was also strongly a risk factor in developing severe clinical outcomes compared to those with asymptomatic cases (aOR, 10.03; 95% CI, 4.34-23.20). Conclusion: Age 60 years and more, unvaccinated and symptomatic upon the first diagnosis are among the risk factors contributing toward severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Thus, protecting the elderly, completed vaccination of COVID-19, and early screening should be emphasised in managing COVID-19 to prevent severe clinical outcomes.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kulim District Health Office, Kedah; Universiti Putra Malaysia},
keywords = {characterisation, Covid-19, Kedah, Kulim, Risk Factor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-99,
title = {Risk factors for stunting among infant and young children: a case control study in Kuantan District, Pahang},
author = {Noraini Musa and Hafizah Pasi and Nor Azam Kamaruzaman and Iskandar Firzada Osman},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-99.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-APCPH2022-P-99-b171aae51a0c1287a9748a56186fe1b3.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Stunting is the most prevalent form of malnutrition among the infant and young children population, both globally and locally. It refers to low height-for-age children and is primarily caused by chronic undernutrition. This study aims to explore the risk factors for stunting among infants and young children in the district of Kuantan, Pahang. 
Methodology: This case-control study was conducted at seven purposely selected government health clinics in Kuantan, Pahang from August to October 2021. A total of 40 children aged 6 to 59 months diagnosed with stunting and 120 children with normal height-for-age were included in the study with a ratio of 1 case: 3 control. Data were collected using an interviewer-guided questionnaire; which consists of a sociodemographic and validated IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) feeding assessment checklist, as well as the anthropometry examination of the participant. 
Results: Children with a feeding problem, particularly the feeding practice which did not follow the recommendation by IMCI standard, have more than four-time significantly higher risk of becoming stunted (OR: 4.2 [95% CI 1.4-12.8], p-value: 0.011) as compared to children with no feeding problem. Additionally, with an increase of one week in delivery week, one kilogram in birth weight and one centimetre in maternal height, there is a respectively significant 40.0% (OR: 0.6 [95% CI 0.4-0.9], p-value: 0.035), 80.0% (OR: 0.2 [95% CI 0.1-0.7], p-value: 0.009) and 11.0% (OR: 0.89 [95% CI 0.82-0.98], p-value: 0.016) reduction in the risk of become stunted among participants. A child 's gender, race, immunization status, caregivers ' level of education, household income, occupation and other socio-demographic factors were found to be not significant risk factors for stunting among this population. Discussion: This study revealed that lower birth weight, delivery week, and maternal height, as well as the presence of feeding problems, is the independent risk factor for childhood stunting. Therefore, identifying these risks and \<span lang=""EN-US""\>providing early intervention from the antenatal period might prevent stunting in infants and young children.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang; Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang; Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang; Klinik Kesihatan Jaya Gading, Kuantan, Pahang},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-98,
title = {Risk Analysis of the Introduction of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N6 in Tuaran District, Sabah},
author = {Hazeqa Salleh and Richard Avoi and Nornazirah Ahmad Kamarudin and Nelbon Giloi Mei Ching Lim and Khalid Mokti and Azman Atil@Azmi1 and Muhammad Jikal},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-98.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-98-3fd3a58921827f2713544eb8c078b3f5.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Avian Influenza usually affects poultry, domestic birds, and wild birds. A surge of HPAI-H5N6 human infections was reported in 2021. This study intends to identify the risk of HPAI-H5N6 introduction into Sabah through migrating birds, live-poultry trades, poultry products, and global tourism. 
Methods: This qualitative study assessed the likelihood of HPAI-H5N6 in Tuaran District, Sabah, among animals and humans. The research respondents included zoonotic disease experts from the Department of Veterinary Service, Sabah State Health Department, Tuaran District Health Office, and academicians from University Malaysia Sabah. The risk analysis uses the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) guideline to analyse the HPAI-H5N6 introduction through the entry, exposure, and consequence pathways. 
Results: There is a medium probability of HPAI-H5N6 entry into Tuaran through migratory birds ' pathways and live poultry while there is a low probability through poultry products and global tourism pathways. Besides, the probability of free-range poultry and human being exposed to H5N6 virus are medium while the probability of H5N6 exposure to contaminated environment is low. Therefore, the overall risk of HPAI H5N6 introduction into Tuaran, Sabah is estimated to be in the medium category. Conclusion: With the medium risk level of HPAI-H5N6 being introduced into Tuaran district, prevention measures must be in place for Sabah in order to prevent the HPAI-H5N6 from intruding. This includes emphasizing a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary one-health approach strategy focusing on migratory bird surveillance, biosecurity in farms and live-poultry markets as well as enhancement in human influenza surveillance.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: University Malaysia Sabah; Sabah State Health Department},
keywords = {global tourism, High Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6, live poultry, migratory birds, one health, poultry products},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-97,
title = {Revisiting Malaysian Public Health Preparedness: The Gaps and Lessons.},
author = {Megalah Ayanarappan and Poovelighlan Vimal Veera Sunthar and Shreema Rasiah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-97.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/e-poster-pandemic-planning-pdf-138f350257c0ebc07511b97adb9ed917.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Covid-19 is the largest communicable disease outbreak reported in Malaysia and Gombak was one of the worst hit districts with 105187 total cases (case fatality rate of 0.01%) till December 2021. A descriptive analysis of the strategies and interventions were studied to understand the level of preparedness of Gombak District Health Office (GDHO) in pandemic management. The challenges faced at ground level include various aspects: lack of capacity in medical facilities, human resource, infrastructure and logistic issues. GDHO had to re-prioritize and re-distribute the existing resources across the district during the outbreak. Sungai Buloh Hospital was the first hospital gazetted for solely Covid-19 patients under GDHO. GDHO was also in charge of managing the in coming travelers at the quarantine centre as well as assisting at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sungai Buloh Prison to manage their infected inmates, and in managing the various localities that were placed under Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO). There was also deployment of man power for investigation, contact tracing, home assessment of positive cases, managing and assisting Royal Malaysia Police Department (PDRM) in the burial process of the deceased Covid-19 cases and Brought In Dead. The human resource was scarce in the 10 government clinics within GDHO as the service had to be stretched to manage Covid-19 patients as well as other clinical services amid the increasing rate of infection among the health care workers themselves which in turn caused large numbers of them to be on quarantine periodically. The breaking point was when patients had to be managed in clinic settings while awaiting beds in hospital or quarantine centre. GDHO started its first centralized Covid Assessment Centre (CAC) in Dewan Seroja which was operationalized by resources from all 10 Health Clinics and the District Health Office. In view of increase in number of Covid-19 patients requiring assessment, more Covid Assessment Centres needed. Therefore, the centralized CAC was closed down and all the 10 Health Clinics established their own CAC 's with assistance from the various agencies within the district. Transportation of Covid-19 patients to treating facility was a long haul. GDHO Management had to modify department vehicles to transport the patients to overcome the shortage of ambulances. At this time, the Greater Klang Valley Task Force (GKV-TF) was formed to assist and manage several important aspects in the shortest time possible. Some of the strategies were the digitalization of Covid case management using MySejahtera application for Home Surveillance Order (Digital HSO) and Home Assessment Tool (HAT). The GKV-TF had distributed vast number of human resource and equipment from many other Government Agencies to assist in case investigation and contact tracing in District Health Office Command Centre as well as counseling and registration of patients in CACs. In conclusion, effective and efficient planning involving multi agencies is required urgently to increase the level of preparedness for the next Public Health crisis.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Gombak District Health Office},
keywords = {multi agencies, Pandemic, preparedness, resources.},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-96,
title = {Remote home monitoring of COVID-19 positive patients in Malaysia in year 2021 via a public private collaboration},
author = {Rajini Sooryanarayana and Asnida Anjang Ab Rahman and Naning Sachiman and Noridawaty Ibrahim and Nazrila Hairizan Nasir and Mastura Ismail and Rohani Jahis and Siti Nor Mat and Azizah Wahab},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-96.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Abstract-Poster-RS-v4-f19b2f5d0670170f96d9975160405c80.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Remote home monitoring of COVID-19 positive patients was initiated in January 2021 to offload the burden from hospitals to primary health care facilities in Malaysia. In May 2021, the involvement of private medical practitioners (PMP) in home monitoring was a crucial step in enhancing targeted primary health care within the community setting. The methodology of this collaboration is explained. 
Methods: Various engagement sessions initiated by the Family Health Development Division were held with the main General Practitioner (GP) associations pertaining this new scope. This provided patients who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a choice of being monitored by their regular health care provider. 
Interested GPs initially needed to be appointed by the Minister of Health as officers under the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Act. This was to enable home surveillance orders (HSO) issued by GPs to be legally standing. Following the HSO issued, home monitoring of the positive cases followed a structured home assessment tool. For those with worsening symptoms, referral from GPs to hospitals or low risk treatment and quarantine centres was enabled [4]. A total of 1189 PMPs were appointed in 2021. The coordination between GP associations and MOH was crucial in enabling GPs voluntary participation. A not-for-profit, token fee of RM10 per patient per day throughout the mandatory home monitoring period incentivized GPs to offer home monitoring services. Those who opted not to receive payment from MOH were able to charge patients directly instead. 
Guidelines for home monitoring were publicly available online. Some refinements to the guidelines included widening the pool of patients for home monitoring to new patients, temporarily waiving the need for patients to be the GPs existing registered patients, enabling virtual remote monitoring without the need for an initial face-to-face consultation and assessment, and relaxing the clinical criteria to include senior citizens aged \>60 years. 
Discussion: Successful home monitoring by GPs was reflected via an upward trend of the numbers of GPs involved, as well as the number of new cases monitored by them (Figure 1). However, GPs overall were underutilised as seen by limited numbers of those participating. 
Some of the limitations hindering successful uptake by GPs was the need for reports to be sent to the nearest DHO, the nominal sum offered as an incentive, and the lack of a centralised system that would enable seamless registration, reporting, token sum payment, and referral of patients. GPs also had to cater to the burden of seeing both regular patients as well as scheduling appointments for COVID-19 positive patients. Conclusion and recommendations: Better collaboration could be initiated between DHOs and GPs at the local level. A third-party administrator to handle the implementation, monitor and incentivize GPs, with process automation and better self-regulation would help, besides better financial retribution. Theme 2 of the Twelfth Malaysia Plan, 'Strengthening Security, Wellbeing and Inclusivity ' mentions the inclusion of the private sector as a key component at the highest level. Thus, strengthening the cooperation forged during the pandemic is crucial.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia; Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia; Public Health Development Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia},
keywords = {home monitoring, Malaysia, primary health care, public private collaboration},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-95,
title = {Relationship Between Verbal Abuse at Home and Depression among the Malaysian Adolescents},
author = {Sharifah Nazeera Syed Anera and Nor Anita Affandi and Nor Farahdila Hairoman and Zuraida Che Hassan and Nik Noor Syamimi Ismail and Tan Lay Kim and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-95.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-Verbal-Abuse-Depression_Nazeera_P95-94c859fc5e212280b7f9b014f75d5aad.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Verbal abuse is a form of child abuse that is rarely studied. It is a global problem with long-term consequences and has increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of verbal abuse at home and depression among adolescents in Malaysia. 
Methodology: Secondary data from the Malaysia Adolescent Health Survey 2017 was analysed using complex sample multiple logistic regression. It is a cross sectional survey involving 26,845 school-going adolescents aged 13-17 years across Malaysia. Verbal abuse at home is defined as when someone said insulting things or hurtful to them (at least once) in the past 30 days. While depression was determine using the standardized Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. 
Results: The overall prevalence of verbal abuse in adolescent was 43.2% with estimated population of 924,222 adolescents in Malaysia. Adolescents who had verbal abuse has higher prevalence of depression (24.6%) compared to adolescents with no verbal abuse (13.4%). Verbal abused adolescent (aOR : 2.215; 95% CI 2.03-2.42) were more likely to be depressed compared to adolescents without verbal abuse after controlling other sociodemographic factors such as gender, education level, ethnic and parent 's marital status. Conclusion: Adolescents who had verbal abuse at home would have a higher risk of depression. Early prevention and intervention are important for the benefit of the child and society such as peer support and awareness programmes. Public health effort in educating parents regarding consequences of verbal abuse at home can helps in reducing depression among children and adolescents.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Adolescents, Depression, verbal abuse},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-94,
title = {Rapid Method For Transmission Electron Microscope Study Of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923},
author = {A. S. Santhana Raj and Norzarila Sulaiman Najib and Nur Afrina Muhamad Hendri},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-94.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-ACPCH-298110f9adac8bd43b0422b0bf7e4bc9.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Technique development plays an important role in the field of electron microscopy. In this study, the Rapid Method for Transmission Electron Microscopy (RMTEM) was compared the Standard Method for Transmission Electron Microscopy (SMTEM). By doing this we expect that the RMTEM to be the better choice and would give the electron microscopists a better understanding of the ultra structure of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The bacteria sample preparation showed that RMTEM had significantly higher mean grey values as compared to the SMTEM (t(58) = 6.614, p\<0.001; CI95 = 321.329, 600.271). This demonstrates that the contrast produced for RMTEM is lower than the SMTEM. This is due to the inability for bacterial protein and lipid constituents to reorganize into a more compact configuration. Furthermore, the RMTEM would cause less extraction of protein and lipid constituents compared to the SMTEM. This was proven by the thickness of the mean outer membrane of the bacteria that were processed by the RMTEM compared to the SMTEM (t(58) = 8.460, p\<0.001; CI95 = 7.2853, 11.8014). However, the mean cross sectional area of the bacteria is significantly reduced in the RMTEM compared to the SMTEM (t(58) = -4.202, p\<0.001; CI95 = -40078.459, -14215.007). The later finding indirectly shows that the SMTEM would cause damages to the bacteria 's outer membrane and the plasma membrane causing an increase in bacteria cell size. This could be due to the movement of water molecules from the environment to the intracellular compartment of the bacteria, caused by the protein and lipid extraction from the outer membrane and plasma membrane of the bacteria. With such properties, the RMTEM would be the better choice in providing better detailed images for the ultra structures of the bacteria compare to the SMTEM.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Selangor},
keywords = {en bloc, fixation, rapid method, Staphylococcus aureus, transmission electron microscope},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-93,
title = {Prophet Vs ARIMA: Utilising Machine Learning Model in Forecasting Mortality Trend in Malaysia during COVID-19 Pandemic},
author = {Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail and Tan Lay Kim and Evi Diana Omar and Zamtira Seman and Nik Noor Syamimi Ismail and Shubash Shander Ganapathy and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-93.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022_P_93_fadli-ismail-61533ef51e6a013b9ed127e4b43dd0aa.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in considerable strain on the health systems, delays in acute care and exacerbation of chronic diseases, leading to mortality beyond that directly due to COVID-19. Forecasting the trend of mortality due to the pandemic among the Malaysians is crucial in guiding the appropriate measures not only in handling the pandemic but also to access the readiness of the health system for continuous improvement. This can be achieved by utilizing Machine Learning in producing appropriate forecasting models using local data. Hence, we aimed to compare Facebook 's Prophet and ARIMA Forecasting Model 's performance in forecasting the mortality trend among the Malaysians. 
METHODS: We utilised the study materials from Epidemiological Study on Mortality and Selected Morbidity Rates Pre and Post COVID-19 Vaccination in Malaysia. A total of 1,070,925 data from the National Registration Department between March 2015 and June 2021 was used in data splitting for training, validating and testing both models. The mortality trend was forecasted from February 2020 onwards. The models ' performances were evaluated using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), obtained by comparing forecasted and actual values validation set period from March 2020 till June 2021. Lower MAPE score showed smaller difference on average between the actual and the forecasted values and signified the better performance model. 
RESULTS: Similar forecasting pattern was seen in both models during the validation period, in which forecasted values were generally higher than expected from March 2020 till December 2020, before showing lower forecasted values than actual figure from January until June 2021. However, using ARIMA model with ARIMA (3,1,0) (2,1,1)[52] demonstrated MAPE value of 4.62% as compared to Prophet 's MAPE of 4.92%. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Both models appear to be performing well in forecasting mortality trend, although ARIMA was slightly outperforming Prophet 's Model based on the smaller MAPE value. The superiority of ARIMA in time series were well established and demonstrated in this analysis as well. As Prophet 's strength was more apparent for time series with obvious seasonality, the absence of such pattern in this particular dataset potentially reduces its performance. The findings indicate the suitability of ARIMA in forecasting the mortality pattern, although the models should be evaluated further as more data made available, in ensuring the validity of the forecasted pattern in the future.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia; Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {ARIMA, Machine learning, mortality, Prophet},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-102,
title = {School-Based Fluoride Mouth Rinsing Programme in The East Coast of Sabah: A 5-Year Field Study},
author = {Wong Fui Jak and Pang Kin Tong and Asmahani Hj Aziz and Shahibul Afzan Wahab and Latifah Osman and Adis Rukag and Dg Sariah Jamarin and Rathmawati Ahmad and Zaiton H. Tahir},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-102.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-102-POSTER-FINAL-b9afa8339561fb29a84e238e40c123fc.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia with the population scattered throughout the state. The oral health status of school children in Sabah was generally poor compared to other states according to the National Oral Health Survey of Schoolchildren 2017 (NOHSS 2017), whereby Sabah recorded the highest caries prevalence (63.3%) with the mean DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) of 2.07. This is likely attributed to poor access to oral health services and is complicated by the absence of water fluoridation. Water fluoridation was proven to be an effective population strategy to prevent dental caries. To compensate lack of fluoride exposure, a school-based fluoride mouth rinsing (FMR) programme was initiated in the late 1990s in Sabah. FMR is recommended as a community-based caries prevention strategy in fluoride-deficient areas with moderate to high dental caries risks. This study aimed to estimate caries-preventive effects of FMR in Sandakan Division, the East Coast of Sabah. Methods: This study is a retrospective study by comparing caries activity of school children from the same cohort year under FMR (intervention group},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sandakan Divisional Dental Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Sabah State Deputy Director of Health (Oral Health), Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Caries, Fluoride, Fluoride Mouth Rinsing, Schoolchildren},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-91,
title = {Prevalence of Self-Reported Hepatitis B Vaccination Status among Adult in Malaysia},
author = {Eida Nurhadzira Binti Muhammad and Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip and Filza Noor Asari and Muhammad Faiz Mohd Hisham and Hamizatul Akmal Abd Hamid},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-91.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-91_-eida-nurhadzira-18cd2f66512fc9b55b61177acf8280ce.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Infectious diseases are one of the burdens in terms of their effects and implications on humans. One of the ways to overcome this infectious disease is through the provision of vaccines that can prevent or at least minimize the effects of the disease. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hepatitis B vaccination status by socio-demographic characteristics among adults in Malaysia. 
Method: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2020 is a cross-sectional survey with complex survey design. NHMS 2020 data for hepatitis B module was collected through questionnaire ""have you ever get vaccinated with Hepatitis B shot"" between August to October, 2020 by face-to-face interview. Descriptive, chi-square and complex sampling analysis were done using SPSS v.26 software. Results: A total of 4,136 respondents participated in this study. The prevalence of respondents who completed three shots for hepatitis B was 17.7% (95% CI: 13.2-23.2), either got one or two shots of hepatitis B was 7.2% (95% CI: 5.0-10.2), never got shot for hepatitis B was 53.2% (95% CI: 45.6-60.7) and not sure was 21.9% (95% CI: 16.5-28.4). According to strata, gender and age group, majority who those never got shot for hepatitis B were those living in the urban area (74.3%, 95% CI: 67.2-80.3), males (51.8%, 95% CI: 48.2-55.3) and aged 31 years and above (62.8%, 95% CI: 57.3-68.1). For respondents either got one or two shots of hepatitis B, prevalence was highest among those living in the urban area (88.7%, 95% CI: 79.6-94.1), males (66.0%, 95% CI: 55.8-74.9) and aged 31 years and above (62.1%, 95% CI: 51.4-71.8). Majority who completed three shots of hepatitis B were among those living in the urban area (84.2%, 95% CI: 73.7-91.0), females (54.7%, 95% CI: 49.6-59.6) and aged 31 years and above (56.6%, 95% CI: 50.3-62.7). From 21.9% respondents were not sure about their vaccination status, majority were living in the urban area (76.4%, 95% CI: 65.5-84.6), males (50.7%, 95% CI: 47.1-54.3) and aged 31 years and above (61.9%, 95% CI: 57.1-66.5). There were significant associations between self-reported hepatitis B vaccination status with strata (p\<0.001), gender (p=0.005) and age group (p\<0.001). Discussion: The high prevalence was shown among those who never receive hepatitis B vaccination and highest among the age group 31 years and above. This may happen because the hepatitis B vaccination program for children was implemented in 1989. However, prevalence of three shots of hepatitis B also highest among this group showed they had an initiative to take the vaccine personally, maybe because of future study abroad, occupation purpose or self-awareness. This study provides an overview of the immunity to hepatitis B profile and helps in the improvement of hepatitis B vaccination programs among adults in Malaysia as recommends by The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Hepatitis B vaccination, Malaysia, prevalence, Self-reported},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-90,
title = {Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in adults and its associated factors: a community-based study},
author = {Fairuz Fadzilah Rahim and Siti Fatimah Kadeer Maideen and Surajudeen Abiola Abdulrahman and Abdul Rashid},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-90.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-90_Prehypertension-and-hypertension-e7db584d0e33411f487c18da05326eb4.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Hypertension is one of WHO 's global targets for the prevention of non-communicable diseases .Prehypertension, a new category of blood pressure among adults defined by the Joint Committee on High Blood Pressures, double the risk of cardiovascular diseases and other complications. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Penang, and further identified the associated factors. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural communities, Southwest District of Penang. The participants had physical examinations, screened for blood pressure level and completed the study questionnaires which contained the Malay versions of International Physical Activity 7 (IPAQ-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and short-subjective dietary assessment respectively to assess the level of physical activity, stress levels and dietary intake. Multinomial logistic regression models of hypertensive, prehypertensive and normotensive (reference) groups were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension and prehypertension. Results: A total of 168 adults participated in this study with the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 26.79% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.3, 34.2) and 44.6% (95% CI: 37.0, 52.5) respectively. All three groups of participants had minimally active total physical activity with those hypertensives had the lowest median (inter quartile range) value of 693.0 (2160.0) MET-minutes per week. Most of them reported moderate stress (57.3%) from the PSS measure. Abdominal obesity found to be significantly associated with both hypertension (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR)=4.11, 95% CI=1.41-12.00) and prehypertension (RRR=3.62, 95% CI=1.58-8.34). While, age (RRR=1.09, 95% CI=1.05-1.14), those with family history of hypertension(RRR=3.46, 95% CI=1.23-9.69) and having diabetes (RRR=5.81, 95% CI=1.56-21.67) were the additional factors associated with hypertension. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that both hypertension and prehypertension are prevalent. Best screening strategies targeted the undiagnosed individuals are crucial to implement lifestyle interventions at the earliest opportunity.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: RCSI \& UCD Malaysia Campus; Health Education England, East of England},
keywords = {abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hypertensive, prehypertensive},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-89,
title = {Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Elderly with Multimorbidity},
author = {Nabilah Hanis Zainuddin and Zamtira Seman and Zuraida Che Hassan and Zurina Razalee and Sazlina Shariff Ghazali and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-89.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-89-5cac48b80bf998e977cd7866fd118702.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Depression is a common mental disorder reported nowadays. Depression accounts for the greatest burden among elderly as old age is a period of transition in which they also have to deal with physical aging. Depression may predate the onset of medical illness or it can occur as a result of having multiple co-morbidities. Furthermore, limited studies are available about the depression among elderly with multimorbidity in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among elderly with multimorbidity. 
Methods: This study was using data from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018 involving older adult with multimorbidity aged 60 years and above. In total, 1543 respondents were selected to be analyzed. Multimorbidity is defined as co-occurrence of at least two chronic non-communicable diseases in the same individual. In this study, elderly with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or cancer were taken into account. The respondents were evaluated using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to screen for depression. A score of 8 and above indicated major depression. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses for the complex sample were performed to determine the association of depression between depression with its associated factor (i.e. sociodemography, lifestyles, psychosocial factors and physical illness). 
Results The prevalence of depression of elderly people with multimorbidity is 6.8% (95%CI: 4.60-9.90). Multivariable analysis shows significant association in current smoker (AOR:3.26, 95%CI: 1.62-6.60, p value \<0.001), people who are inactive (AOR:2.31 ,95%CI: 1.47-3.63, p value \<0.001) and those who have low to fair social support (AOR:4.43, 95%CI: 2.30-8.53, p value \<0.001) with depression. Conclusion: Depression is statistically significant with unhealthy life styles which are inactive daily life and current smoker plus people who have poor social support. Therefore, adequate education should be given in promoting healthy life styles. In addition, various methods should be initiated to increase social support which includes informational, emotional, instrumental and appraisal.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia ; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {Depression, Elderly, NHMS 2018},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-88,
title = {Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity (AO) among adults and its association with Diabetes: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019},
author = {Lalitha Palaniveloo and Azli Baharudin and Subash Shander Ganapathy and Ahmad Ali Zainuddin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-88.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/E-POSTER-APCPH2022-P-88-e4a5873ea3679e8155a5ad32413d20d3.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The prevalence of abdominal obesity (AO) is increasing worldwide and it is reported to increase the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity among Malaysian adults and its association with diabetes. 
Methodology: Data for 9688 respondents in this study were drawn from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019, a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted among adults \>18 years old in Malaysia. Respondents were recruited using stratified cluster sampling, covering urban and rural areas from all states in Malaysia. The data was collected from July until October 2019. Information on socio-demographics of the respondents was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. AO for men is defined by waist circumference \>90cm and for women, \>80cm. BMI was calculated by weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m²) and categorised according to WHO 1998 guideline (Underweight \<18.5kg/m², normal 18.5 - \<24.9 kg/m², overweight \>25.0 - 29.9 kg/m² \& obese \<30.0 kg/m²). Diabetes is defined as fasting blood glucose \>7.0 mmol/L. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to analyse the data in SPSS Version 26. Statistical significance was set at p\<0.05. 
Results: From the total respondents of 9688 in this study, 60.8% of them were from urban areas, 53.8% were females, 31.4% aged \>55 years old and the majority (64.9%) were of Malay ethnicity. Nearly half of the respondents (55.1%) were overweight/obese while the majority were from B40 households. The prevalence of AO among the respondents was 58.9% and the prevalence of diabetes was 25.0%. The prevalence of diabetes among the respondents with AO was 31.4% and among those with no AO was 15.8%. Compared with the respondents with no AO, the prevalence of diabetes among those with AO was higher and the difference was statistically significant (p\<0.001). Discussion: In this study, AO is significantly associated with diabetes. It is recommended more attention is given to reduce AO through education on healthy eating and exercise programs to reduce abdominal fat deposit as a prevention measure to control diabetes in Malaysia.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {abdominal obesity, Adult, diabetes, Malaysia, Waist Circumference},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-87,
title = {Prevalence and Factors Affecting Preventable Under-five Mortalities in Seremban District},
author = {Siti Aishah Abas and Siti Najiha Md Asari and Nur Nadiatul Asyikin Bujang and Sharina Mohd Shah and Nurul Fazilah Aziz and Veshny Ganesan and Syuaib Aiman Amir Kamarudin and Ahmad Husni Ariffin and Asmah Johari and Noor Khalili Mohd Ali and Mohamad Paid Yusof},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-87.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-2022-P-87-Prevalence-and-Factors-affecting-under-5-mortali-ef097034f8dec31c910f8b7b360f0563.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Child mortality which is often known as the under-five mortality is the likelihood that a child will die before reaching the age of five. In 2020, 13,800 kids under the age of 5 were dying per day which equates to 5.0 million of them. In Malaysia, the mortality trends for neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality had plateaued. Increasing child survival and addressing the causes contributing to mortality are still a pressing priority. Causes of under-five mortality have resulted from preventable or unpreventable factors with preventable causes as a major concern worldwide. Preventable deaths were further divided into i) medically related such as delayed referral, quality of healthcare and ii) non-medically related factors such as drowning, choking and teenage pregnancy. All of the causes are preventable if treated with proper access to quality health care with trained health providers, appropriate interventions and tailored health programs in order to reduce under-five mortality and achieve the sustainable development goal 3 (SDG 3). Thus, this study aims to describe the prevalence of preventable under-five mortality in Seremban District and the associated factors. 
Method: This is a cross-sectional study using under-five mortalities registry data from the Seremban district health office. All under-five mortalities from January 2018 to December 2021 that were registered under Seremban District were selected. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. Categorical variables were analysed using frequency and percentages. Univariable logistic regression was performed followed by multivariable logistic regression model using the enter technique. 
Result: A total of 338 under-five mortality cases were selected and 81 (24%) of the mortality cases were caused by preventable death. Infectious and parasitic disease represent 27 (33.3%) while injuries and external causes including drowning, suffocation and choking represent 9 (11.1%) of the total preventable cases. Teenage pregnancy and male gender (child) was associated with higher odds of preventable death with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.25 (95% CI, 1.05 to 143.25) and aOR 1.89 (95% CI, 1.07 to 3.36). Chinese ethnicity, neonatal mortality group and low birth weight were associated with lower odds of preventable death. Conclusion: Despite the lower proportion of preventable death, it is essential to improve the health promotion and awareness of the importance of child safety especially related to injuries and infections. Embarking on the specific issue and factors contributing to mortality will enable relevant stakeholders to focus their efforts and intervention to improve the overall child survival.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Seremban District Health Office; Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi Mara; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya},
keywords = {child health, family health, preventable death, under-five mortality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-86,
title = {Prevalence and associated factors of depression among nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic},
author = {Norhafizah Sahril and Mohd Shaiful Azlan Kassim and Noor Ani Ahmad and Chan Ying Ying and Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak and Nik Adilah Shahein and Muhammad Solihin Rezali and Fatin Athirah Tahir and Muhammad Azri Adam Adnan and Muhamad Khairul Nazrin Khalil and Nor Ab Wahab and Norliza},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-86.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/eposter-Norhafizah-Sahril-2e64c21bdeada9f3201e2c836a932c6d.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Increased rates of depression among nurses working in the COVID-19 environment are not surprising, and psychological stressors contributing to mental health distress have varied widely throughout the pandemic. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of COVID-19 on the prevalence of depression and to investigate the relationships between sociodemographic variables and stressor factors in nurses. 
Method: This study was part of a larger investigation into the Mental Health Status of Malaysian Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. It was a cross-sectional study with a single point data collection via computer assisted self-interview (CASI) conducted from July to September 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screen for depression, and scores of 10 or higher indicated positive symptoms of depression. Workload, safety, lack of skill, fear of infection, discrimination from society, work-family interference, and lack of appreciation were all evaluated as factors of stressors. A descriptive and multiple logistic regression was conducted in this study using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 453 nurses participated in the study. The overall prevalence of depression among nurses was 13.2%, with a higher prevalence among nurses directly involved in COVID-19 patient care (16.7%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that nurses who directly care for COVID-19 patients were 3 times more likely to be depressed (aOR 3.36, 95% CI: 1.47,7.66). Fear of infecting family members (aOR=3.16; 95% CI:1.28,7.82) and a lack of appreciations (aOR=2.24; 95% CI:1.45,3.47) were stressors factors associated with depression among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: During the pandemic, nurses, particularly those who were intimately involved in the care of COVID-19 patients, were at risk of depression. Fear of infecting family members, as well as a lack of recognition, contribute to pandemic nursing depression. As part of disaster preparedness, mental health action plans must be prepared and implemented in advance to strengthen the healthcare system and nursing workforce.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, Depression, nurse, Pandemic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-85,
title = {Prevalence And Associated Factors of Cardiovascular Disease Among Outpatients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus In WP Putrajaya: A Cross-Sectional Study},
author = {Nuraini Aziz and Hazfaneza Ab Halim and Zainal Abidin Abu Bakar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-85.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-2022_-POSTER_PREVALENCE-AND-FACTORS-ASSOCIATED-WITH-CVD-AM-06c2fd7eea3a4f688e20006dd64375ab.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a global health burden and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise of mortality and morbidity in Malaysia. However, there has been a lack of research on the prevalence and associated risk factors of CVD among patients with diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of CVD and to determine factors associated with CVD among outpatients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in WP Putrajaya. Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data from the National Diabetes Registry (NDR), year 2021 audit data. The study setting was patient with diabetes in all public health clinics (n=4) in WP Putrajaya. Cardiovascular diasease refers to both ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). The factors been analysed were gender, age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes, smoking status, BMI level, HbA1c level, and the presence of dyslipidemia, nephropathy, retinopathy, hypertension, and diabetic foot ulcer. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 737 patients with T2DM were included in this study. CVD were detected among 42 patients (5.7%, SD: 0.23). Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age at diagnosis (AOR= 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07-0.86), duration of diabetes (AOR= 3.56, 95% CI: 1.30-9.79) and the presence of nephropathy (AOR= 2.51, 95% CI: 1.30-4.83) were the associated factors of CVD in this population. Discussion: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The duration of diabetes and presence of nephropathy was associated with increased risk of vascular complications. The findings from this study suggest the appropriate treatment and management of T2DM are important to reducing CVDs. Optimized glycemic control and diabetic complications are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in T2DM population. Hence, health policy approach and development should encompass comprehensive measure in surveillance, prevention and control of diabetes and its complications.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: WP Putrajaya Health Office},
keywords = {cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, WP Putrajaya},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-84,
title = {Preliminary Data Of Program BeatNCDS (Non Communicable Diseases) Putrajaya},
author = {Aashvini Prakash Rao and Juliena Mohd Zaini and Jaysina Ayu Jaafar Siddek and Syazana Mohd Nasir and Noriklil Bukhary Ismail Bukhary and Hj. Amin Sah Hj. Ahmad},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-84.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/POSTER-OF-PRELIMINARY-DATA-OF-PROGRAM-BEATNCDS-PUTRAJAYA-f8d7c9ce531ab0908f2371e65f2d695d.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 showed Putrajaya has highest prevalence of overweight (37.7%), second highest for obesity (25.6%) with total prevalence of 63.3% and highest prevalence for depression (5.4%). Although Putrajaya is known to have multitude of recreational facilities, but it has the second highest prevalence for physical inactivity at 36.8%. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus is higher in Putrajaya then national prevalence at 45.2% and 22.9% respectively. Hence, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Health Department has taken an initiative to conduct a 6-month program, Program BeatNCDS, at Putrajaya. The objective of the program is to reduce prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants which is the well-known risk factors for the three main Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) - diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Inclusion criteria for this program includes individuals who are staying in Putrajaya, aged 18 years old and above, and with a minimum BMI of 25 kg/m². This program is divided into three phases, which are pre- screening, Intervention and Post Screening. Phase one started with pre-screening from 15th March till 24th March 2022, followed by opening ceremony and briefing to the participants on 25th March 2022. Participants were screened for body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, random blood sugar, total cholesterol, smoking screening, colorectal cancer screening and mental health screening. 
Results: A total of 374 participants who fulfilled all criteria were included in this study. Out of the total, 273 (73%) participants were female. Among these participants, 146 (39%) were in overweight category and 228 (61%) in obese category. As for blood pressure screening, 97 (26%) were at risk of hypertension (130-139/85-89mmhg), where else 103 (27.5%) were hypertensive. A total of 58 (15.5%) screened participants had random blood sugar reading of \> 7.8mmol/L, where else 282 (75.4%) with random total cholesterol reading of \> 5.2mmol/L. All participants who were at risk were referred to the nearest primary care clinics. Majority of participants were non-smokers 318 (85%), 14 (3.7%) were smokers and 42 (11.2%) unknown smoking status. All smokers were referred to quit smoking clinic. DASS screening tool was used to access for mental health, but only 170 participants completed their DASS screening. Of this number, 3 (1.76%) participants scored severe and 1 (0.59%) very severe for depression. For anxiety, 6 (3.5%) scored severe and 3 (1.76%) scored very severe. None of the participants scored severe or very severe for stress. All of these participants were intervened by counselors on site and referred to nearest primary care clinics. Conclusion: Currently the program is at phase two, whereby participants are given fortnightly virtual interventions that covers diet, physical activity, mental health, NCD and its risk factors, a total of 12 sessions are held to cover these topics. Phase 3 will be carried out in October 2022. At the end of this program, the participants are expected to reduce 5-10% of their initial weight and to continue practicing healthy habits that were shared during the program.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-83,
title = {Predictive factors for severe COVID-19 infection in Terengganu state of Malaysia},
author = {Hafizuddin Awang and Azmani Wahab and Mohd Anuar Abd Rahman and Kasemani Embong},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-83.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-POSTER-HAFIZUDDIN-P-83-a0a390e3957c36b0c680cb628e4ff473.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: COVID-19 has a varied clinical presentation and may progress to severe form which could be fatal. Previous systematic reviews reported that 19.2% to 21.33% of COVID-19 patients progressed to severe form. Determination of risk factors for severe form of infection would be beneficial in averting COVID-19 mortality in Terengganu setting. 
Methods: A case-control study between mild and severe COVID-19 groups was conducted in Terengganu state from 1st March 2020 until 31st January 2021 based on retrospective record review. Cases were severe COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 patients grouped in category IV or V upon diagnosis) while controls were mild COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 patients grouped in category I, II or III upon diagnosis). Individuals with laboratory RT-PCR confirmed positive test for COVID-19 were included as study samples. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed for statistical analysis. Results: There were 2142 COVID-19 cases in Terengganu during the studied period. The proportion of severe COVID-19 infection was 2.1% (95%CI: 0.01, 0.03). Among the severe COVID-19 cases, their mean ( ±SD) age was 52 ( ±16) and majority of them were male (59.1%) and had comorbidity (56.8%). The common symptoms among severe COVID-19 cases included fever (68.2%), cough (63.6%), coryza (22.7%), sore throat (13.6%) and anosmia (11.4%). Multiple logistic regression revealed older age, presence of comorbidity, having symptoms of fever, cough and anosmia as the significant associated factors for severe COVID-19 with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.07 (95%CI: 1.03, 1.11), p\<0.001; AOR 5.97 (95%CI: 2.09, 17.01)},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Besut District Health Office, Kampung Raja, Besut, Terengganu; Terengganu State Health Department, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-111,
title = {The Effect of Health Literacy and Social Support on Self-Care Management in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy.},
author = {Na Zaini and Idayu Badilla Idris and Norfazilah Ahmad and Syahnaz Mohd Hashim and Nik Nairan Abdullah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-111.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-ApcPH_Selfcare-Diabetes-fcdbb403206b7db2a2b884a005c776fe.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The process of self-care management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) differs between men and women including among patients known to have chronic T2DM complications. Furthermore, studies revealed that women have higher rates of diabetes complications compared to men. Therefore, women with T2DM may need to incorporate a multifaceted system of self-management in their daily lives (i.e., medication, diet, exercise) using the Diabetes Self-Care Management (DSCM) approach. Previous studies had also indicated that constructs such as health literacy, social supportself-efficacy and DSCM are interrelated especially among patients with T2DM. The complexity involved possible direct, indirect and mediation effects of these factors with DSCM. However, there are limited local information that explores the complexity of these factors, especially among women with T2DM. The purpose of this study is thus to develop a structural equation modelling that investigate the effects of self-efficacy, health literacy and social support on DSCM among this population. 
Methodology: We recruited a total of 330 patients attending diabetic clinics at nine government health clinics in Malacca. Data on self-efficacy, health literacy, social support and DSCM were collected using a set of self-administered questionnaires. This study employed Structural Equation Modelling in IBM-SPSS-AMOS 24.0 to model and estimate the inter-relationships among the constructs in the study. Result: Health literacy and social support have direct positive and significant influences on self-efficacy (b=0.17, p\< 0.05 and b=0.42, p\<0.001, respectively). However, there is no direct effect between health literacy and social support towards DSCM. These results indicated that self-efficacy had a positive and significant influence on DSCM (b=0.31, p\<0.05). Furthermore, self-efficacy fully mediates the relationship between health literacy and DSCM as well as acting as mediator between social support and DSCM. Discussions: Self-Care Management in women with T2DM will not be effective if self-efficacy does not act as a mediating factor between health literacy, social support and DSCM. This study suggests that having greater social support including higher level of health literacy may help strengthen patients ' self-efficacy, which in turns leads to better self-care management in women with T2DM. Clinicians attempting to improve patients ' diabetes care should consider patients ' literacy level as well as assessed their social support as appropriate patients ' education and support from family and friends often leads to better outcome and may prevent diabetic complications.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-121,
title = {Translation and Validation of Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire into Malay version for Food Delivery Riders in Klang Valley, Malaysia},
author = {Mohd Ali Imran Ab Rahaman and Prof. Victor CW Hoe and Mahmoud Danaee},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-121.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-Final-v2-ecc439c25e28a51f282ab5b2a768751a.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) in the workplace can lead to adverse health impacts. The ERI questionnaire is a validated tool to determine the psychosocial work environment's impact on the health and well-being of workers. The aim of this study is to translate the short version of the ERI questionnaire (16 items) into Malay language (ERI-M) and validate the translated questionnaire among Food Delivery Riders. 
Materials and methods: The ERI short version was translated from English to Malay language using forward and backward translation methods. The ERI-M questionnaire was administered to 420 Food Delivery Riders. The structural validity, reliability and criterion validity were evaluated using SPSS version 26 and Smart PLS. Results: The ERI-M displayed fair internal consistency was seen in all domains (Cronbach's ? = 0.55-0.75) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.73-0.85) for all items. EFA and CFA showed that a structure of three factors of effort, over-commitment and two factors of reward (job security and job esteem) in accordance with the ERI model had significant factor loadings and acceptable model fit. The study population showed that ERI levels varied across age, gender, and platform. Conclusion: The ERI-M can be a useful tool to assess the work strain of stress-related health risks among food delivery riders.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya},
keywords = {food delivery riders, questionnaire, translation, validation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-120,
title = {Tools Comparison for A Time Motion Study To Assess The Time Spent By Diabetes Educators On Diabetic Care},
author = {Ismail Saudi and Ili Liyana Khairul Anuar and Nur Jihan Noris and Intan Syafinaz Saimy},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-120.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Time Motion Study (TMS) has been widely conducted to evaluate the impact of health information system adoption and have been demonstrated to be the gold standard method for measuring and quantifying clinical workflow. A direct continuous TMS will be conducted in primary health clinics in Negeri Sembilan to determine how much time a diabetic educator (DE) spends on diabetic care as some DEs have been drawn away from their primary care roles, hence a suitable tool for data collection in a TMS needs to be selected. Consequently, this paper aims to compare the tools available for a clinical workflow TMS. 
METHODS: A literature review was conducted to identify and track down existing clinical workflow TMS tools, as well as to evaluate their features and limitations. The focus of the existing literature was on the availability of tools with the following features: emphasis on communication process (or flexible taxonomy input), multitasking capability as well as tablet device compatibility (e.g., iPad). Their availability and spread of a scalable dynamic were explored. 
RESULTS: Following the completion of a thorough analysis of clinical workflow TMS using available digital means, five tools and their respective developers are identified. They provide different approaches for multitasking, interruptions, inter-observer reliability assessment, and task taxonomy. CONCLUSION: Literatures had shown the provision of a complete, accessible, scalable, and dynamic time capture tool would be a key contributor to the standardisation and dissemination of TMS. Therefore, Time Capture Tool (TimeCaT), a web-based application, was chosen.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Management},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-119,
title = {Tik.Tag.Tok, Trick Tackling Late COVID-19 Vaccination Kuantan Folks},
author = {Wong Chin Mun and Rashidah Abd Rahman and Mardiatuniza Mohammad Dani and Syed Mohd Azharudin Syed Zahir and Rohaida Abdul Rahim and Akmal Mohamed and Norita Omar and Rahim Rashid and Mohd Rahim Sulong and Nor Azimi Yunus and Husnina Ibrahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-119.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/A3-7th-APCPH-2022-WCM-8abc4696a9bfe871c9909b5f341e5dad.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: COVID-19 disease caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has caused disastrous pandemic to Malaysia. The Malaysian government strategized to end game and fasten economy and social recovery through massive vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine. By September 2021, vaccination coverage in Kuantan stagnated at 60% for total population, 80% adult with one dose coverage. As the National State-specific Recovery Plan was proposed, Pahang state risk a resurge of COVID19 daily caess, with yet 40% unvaccinated population. Kuantan District Health Office took an aggressive and creative approach in expanding our vaccination provision service through the mobile outreach COVID19 vaccination service. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile outreach COVID19 vaccination service in contribution to COVID19 vaccination coverage in Kuantan. 
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in September to December 2022. Ten outreaches in Kuantan district were indentified through root cause analysis on possible reason of late vaccination and target group for mobile vaccination program. Qualitative sub-thematic analysis on reason of late vaccination was used to indentify target group. Program evaluation and review technique (PERT) was used to achieved flexible, spontaneous, and effective in event planning, stock management, staffing management, logistic set up, time management and community engagement. Vaccination coverage was compared with the daily incidence of COVID19 cases and category of case in Kuantan from September to December 2021. 
Results: Unvaccinated adult population registered with MySejahtera mobile application for COVID19 vaccination was 4.1%, and 3% was partially vaccinated according to the state census data 2020. data. Unvaccinated adolescent population age 12-17 was 17%, and 14.4% partially vaccinated by 25th Nov 2021. Qualitative sub-thematic analysis identified main reasons for late vaccination uptake were anti-vaccination (50%), missed appointments (27%), school dropped-out (10%). Total 10 outreaches were identified included townhall, institutions, detention centers, hypermarkets, academy, felda, street homes. times at the District Office (MBK), Gelandangan surau Hidayah (Jalan Wong Ah Jang), PERT identified skilled data registration, good internet access, number of vaccinators as critical paths. Good critical path management plus smooth internet access saved 3-5 minute per vaccinee at registration counter through MyVas. Vaccinator to vaccinee ratio of 1:150 saved 60 minutes compared to ratio of 1:200. The outreach vaccination service harvested an extra 4940 doses of vaccination for adult and adolescent aged 12-17 years, pushed vaccination coverage to 96.4% of 2 doses for adult population, and 86.8% of 2 doses for the adolescent population as of 16 Mei 2022. Daily incident of COVID19 cases reduces from 15.7% in September 2021 to 1.21% in January 2022. 
Conclusion : The mobile outreach COVID19 vaccination service in Kuantan District Health Office is effective in increasing vaccination coverage to prevent COVID19 by increasing accessibility, awareness, acceptability, reduce barrier to the vaccinees. Recommendation: Rootcause analysis and PERT are useful tools to improve health service expansion to the community. Supportive healthcare facility, stock availability, budget supply and good resource management are key areas to good COVID19 vaccination coverage.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuantan District Health Office, Alor Akar, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Pahang State Health Office, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang},
keywords = {COVID19 vaccination, mobile outreach COVID19 vaccination team, vaccination, vaccination service, vaccine for COVID19},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-117,
title = {The urban-rural variations in the prevalence and factors associated to health literacy among Malaysia adults: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015},
author = {Zamtira Seman and Masitah Ahmad and Ridwan Sanaudi and Nabilah Hanis Zainuddin and Norrafizah Jaafar and Nor Azizi Abu Bakar and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-117.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/P-117_The-urban-rural-variations-in-the-prevalence-and-factors-a-503c51cf64abb41bebc14a583074fd92.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Health literacy is defined as individual 's ability to access, process, and understand health information in order to make health decision. Improving health literacy based on locality is an important public health goal in many countries. There is currently too few research on health literacy were conducted in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of adequate health literacy and factors associated among urban and rural adult 's populations in Malaysia. 
Materials and Methods: This study used data from the NHMS 2015, a nationwide cross-sectional survey that implemented a two-stage stratified random sampling design. In total, 13017 Malaysian adults were studied. Complex sample logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations of sociodemographic and some health conditions toward the health literacy stratified by study locality. Health literacy was analysed categorically using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) questionnaire tool as indicator of adequate or inadequate. Result: The prevalence of adequate health literacy level among adults aged 18 years in urban [7.8% (95% CI: 6.6, 9.3)] was significantly higher than the rural [2.3% (95% CI: 1.7, 3.1)]. In urban areas, health literacy was significantly associated with ethnicity and level of education. By controlling all study factors, the adequate health literacy found significantly higher among Malay with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [3.01 (95%CI: 1.08, 7.66)], Chinese [4.75 (95%CI: 1.89, 11.93)] and Indian [4.28 (95%CI: 1.58, 11.56)] compared to Other Bumis and those having tertiary education level [2.71 (95%CI: 1.42, 5.19)] compared to primary or no formal education level. While in rural areas, significant result was only found among those having secondary and tertiary education level with AOR=3.36 (95%CI: 1.18, 9.56)] and AOR=5.67 (95%CI: 1.9, 16.87)] respectively compared to primary or no formal education level. Conclusion: In conclusion, prevalence of adequate health literacy level stills low especially among rural adults. With the findings on these key contributing factors, the stakeholders can formulate and compile better strategies to overcome the urban-rural variation especially when implementing health literacy promotion intervention.Enter description here.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute for Health Behavioural Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-116,
title = {The Trend of Sharps Injuries among Healthcare Workers in Kedah- A Retrospective Analysis between 2017-2021},
author = {Rosidah Omar and Noor Syaqilah Shawaluddin and Maznieda Mahajom},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-116.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Rosidah-Poster-APCPH_Sharp-Injuries-Kedah-88b7bea738847d208755c969e3bdf5bf.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Sharps injuries (SI) are a common occupational hazard to healthcare workers secondary to blood-borne diseases such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV. The study aims to determine the trend of sharps injuries among HCW in Kedah between 2017- 2021and to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and mechanism of sharp injury occurrence. 
Methodology: This is a retrospective observational study involving reviewing secondary data from the SI registry from 2017-2021 in the Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Kedah State Health Department. The study variables include sociodemographic data and the mechanism of SI. Results: A total of 637 SI were recorded between 2017-2021 in Kedah. The incidence rate was 9.6 in 2017, 9.7 in 2018, 8.6 in 2019, 8.2 in 2020, and 7.7 in 2021 (per 1000 staff). The median age of the cases was 31 years (IQR=5). The majority of the cases were female 411 (64.5%). Medical doctors contributed 361 (56.7%) of the cases, followed by nurses 100 (15.7%), assistant medical officers 49 (7.7%), pharmacist 28 (4.4%), dental staff 37 (5.8%) and others 62 (9.7%). Most of the injuries occurred in the hospital setting 543 (85.2%) with most cases occurring in ward 279 (51.4%) followed by operation theater 90 (16.6%), emergency department 83 (15.3%), and others 91 (16.7%). Tasks performed during the injuries include blood taking 211 (33.1%), surgical procedure 182 (28.6%), setting IV line 110 (17.3%), giving injection 83 (13%), collecting waste 34 (5.3%), and others 17 (2.7%). Most injuries involved needles 544 (85.4%), surgical instruments 81 (12.7%), and others 12 (1.9%) 
Discussion: The trend of SI among healthcare workers in Kedah between 2017-2021 was decreasing in trend, however, was lower as compared to other countries. This could be due to the Malaysian SI surveillance program depending on voluntary reporting, hence there might be a proportion of injuries that are not reported. The high proportion of SI among the younger age group explained their young age and inexperience may predispose them to make errors leading to sharp injuries. There was a high proportion of SI involved blood drawing, hence these practices may be prevented by using safety-engineered needle devices. Conclusion: Sharp injuries surveillance is important in identifying, formulating, and monitoring safe practices for health care workers. The identified factors will inform policymakers in the planning of targeted interventional programs to prevent SI in Kedah.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Kedah State Health Department; Occupational Health Research Centre, Institute for Public Health, National Health Institute; Occupational Health Research Centre, Institute for Public Health, National Health Institute},
keywords = {healthcare workers, incidence, Kedah, sharp injuries, SI},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-115,
title = {The Predictors of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Dengue Fever Among Low Socioeconomic Group In Hulu Langat District, Selangor.},
author = {Lina Farhana Ramli and Hayati Kadir @ Shahar and Sumaiyah Isamail and Mohd Farid Abd Jalil},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-115.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/FINAL-APCPH2022-Poster-P115-Lina-Farhana-Ramli-be04a886dcbba1163dbef3fc6737444b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Dengue is one of the preventable communicable diseases and has become a major threat to public health worldwide and contributes to a high economic burden in the country. Over the last decade, Dengue is endemic in Selangor state where the highest prevalence of dengue cases was recorded every year. The low socioeconomic group in the country also contributes to current dengue statistics. This study aims to determine the predictors of knowledge, attitude, and prevention practice toward Dengue and the associated factors among the low socio-economic group in Hulu Langat, Selangor. 
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among adults above 18 years old who receive financial assistance scheme from the Department of Social Welfare Malaysia. About 407 respondents participated who were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling method, and data collection was done by phone call interviews in Malay language or English version. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS Version 25 to explore the distribution of the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Dengue with the associated factors and its predictors. 
Results: The majority of the respondents were aged 61-70 years old (52.6%), female (64.9%), Malay (54.5%), married with children (55.0%), unemployed (69.8%), had a background of education level up to secondary school (64.1%) and monthly income of less than RM600 (52.1%). Overall, 67.3% were identified as knowledgeable, 53.3% with a positive attitude, and 94.3% with poor prevention practice level. Ethnicity and education level were the predictors of knowledge level among the respondents regarding Dengue. Meanwhile, the predictors for a positive attitude towards Dengue were ethnicity, education level, previous history of Dengue infection, and the high informative level of the respondents. However, income status was the only predictor of prevention practice for Dengue in the study. Discussion: With the related findings, it may give clues to relevant authorities and governmental stakeholders in curbing dengue issues among the low socioeconomic group in Malaysia. Revision of the best medium in disseminating health education to elevate the awareness and prevention practice is needed even from the level of the community itself, health personnel, and primary stakeholders. Therefore, lesser Dengue incidence will be reported in the future if the group can translate the excellent knowledge and attitude into the right practice in preventing the infection from occurring.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Universiti Putra Malaysia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang},
keywords = {Attitude, Dengue, Hulu Langat, Knowledge, low-socioeconomic, practice, predictors, Selangor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-114,
title = {The Evaluation of Global Premature Mortality Research: A Time-Trend Bibliometric Analysis (1971-2021)},
author = {Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani and Tengku Muhammad Hanis and Nor Asiah Muhamad and Md Asiful Islam and Chen Xin Wee and Kamarul Imran Musa},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-114.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-114_PnShakira_compress-918e3e44bd36e2b878f1f300dacb0fc1.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Premature mortality is death that occurs before the average age of death for a particular population. Although premature mortality is a public health problem globally, the literature indicates no bibliometric studies that made a holistic evaluation of the publications on this issue. Thus, this study aimed to explore the characteristics of the publications on premature mortality in terms of a number of publications, citations, countries, collaboration, author's productivity and further identify the trending keyword and relevant research topic. 
Methods: A bibliometric analysis was applied to identify published premature mortality-related research. All articles related to premature mortality data were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) database using searching the terms ""premature death,"" or ""premature mortality,"" or ""year of life loss."" The retrieved articles were downloaded in a BibTeX format file. A Bibliometrix package from R software was used to perform Bibliometric analyses. Results and Discussion: A total of 1,060 of original research articles and review have been published since 1971, with 5,499 numbers of authors contributed. The number of publications has increased substantially in the past decade. The annual percentage growth rate of publication was 5.08%. The United States was the leading country in this area of research with the highest number of publications (n=280), the highest total citation (17,378) and the most active in collaboration. The most productive author in terms of number publications was Maniecka-Bryla I (n=26), and the top journal was PLOS ONE (n=32). The current trending keywords were global burden, health impact and air pollution. Our thematic map suggested the cluster for cardiovascular disease, obesity and inequalities were important topics for future research and should be developed further. This bibliometric finding hopefully will help scholars better understand the global overview of ""premature mortality,"" provide the information for potential collaborators, and the information promising attractive areas for future research.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.; Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia; Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-113,
title = {The Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 and the Impact of Vaccination Coverage in Seremban District in 2021},
author = {Khairul Hafidz Alkhair Khairul Amin and Nur Nadiatul Asyikin Bujang and Siti Aishah Abas and Nadiatul Ima Zulkifli and Syuaib Aiman Amir and Sharina Mohd Shah and Veshny Ganesan and Nurul Fazilah Aziz and Muhammad Adli Jalaluddin and Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil and Muhamad Hazizi Muhamad H},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-113.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/PKD-Seremban_ePoster-Covid_21072022-4d5e76118e0eda2b83592fb14f3d2fd5.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Malaysia was impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, which affected all the countries in the world. COVID-19 was discovered in Malaysia before the end of January 2020. While in Seremban district, the first case of COVID-19 was reported three months after the first case was reported in China. The National COVID-19 Immunization Program (Program Imunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan, or PICK) was launched in early March 2021 in Negeri Sembilan as one of the strategies to curb this outbreak. The primary goals of this research are to describe COVID-19 cases in the Seremban District in 2021 and to identify the status of COVID-19 immunization among population in this district. 
Method: The data on sociodemographic, clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases and vaccine coverage were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Then, the relationship between COVID-19 cases and vaccination rates over the study period, as well as the effect on the population, were examined using the epidemic curve. The association of vaccination status with COVID- 19 severity, hospitalization status, and mortality status was calculated using a chi-square test. 
Results: In the Seremban District, there were 65,879 confirmed cases of COVID-19 recorded in 2021. Ages 21 to 30 made up the majority of cases (16,365), with more male cases (58.3%) than female cases (41.7%). Most cases were in the subdistrict of Ampangan (41.7%). The majority of cases were Malaysian. About 53.3% of total cases were symptomatic, with fever (29.6%) and cough (22.8%) being the most frequently noted symptoms. Most cases were mild diseases after vaccination coverage reached 60.0%, while unvaccinated patient had the highest mortality. COVID-19 vaccination status was shown to be significantly associated with hospitalization status (p \< 0.001), and mortality status (p \< 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a preliminary understanding of how a high vaccination rate can reduce COVID-19 cases. It is shown that vaccination against COVID-19 decreased hospitalization and mortality in Seremban.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya; Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara; Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, hospitalization, Malaysia, mortality, outbreak, Seremban, vaccination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-112,
title = {The Effects Of Halve Intervention Package on Covid-19 Brought-In-Dead (Bid) Mortality In Kuala Pilah District},
author = {Azline Abdilah and Noraliza Radzali and Sharifah Aini. M and Mohd Fathulzhafran Mohamed Hanan and Muhd Abd Hafiz Kamarul Zaman and Abi Khairul and Rehemey Shamsul and M. Iskandar Noh and M. Atrash and Ummu Khair and S. Nurliyana and Aisyah and Saadiah and Syahirah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-112.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-112-9e865b53268bca6143c1a99d8819766b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: In September 2021, the highest BID percentage at 16.7% was reported in Kuala Pilah District as compared to the other six districts (5.5 to 15.0%) in Negeri Sembilan. Reports showed that the surge of BID cases was attributed to lack of health programs related to BID prevention focusing on high-risk groups. 
Objectives: This study aimed to develop, implement, and assess the effectiveness of HALVE intervention package in reducing BID cases among COVID-19 patients registered under the Kuala Pilah District Health Office 
Method: A pre-and post-interventional study was conducted in the Kuala Pilah District. The studied population corresponded to two groups of patients. The first group comprised those who died from 1st January 2020 till 29th September 2021 which was before the implementation of the intervention. The second group was those who died from 30th September 2021 to 15th May 2022, after the module was implemented. The primary outcome was the incidence of BID cases. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package of IBM SPSS 25. Results: The ratio between patients studied during pre- \& post-implementation was 2 to 1. Majority of the respondents in this study were Malay and above 60 years of age, Post-implementation group had a reduction of 4.1% of BID percentage compared to the pre-implementation group (?2=0.253},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuala Pilah District Health Office},
keywords = {COVID-19 BID, interventional study, Negeri Sembilan, Public Health Control Measures},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-82,
title = {Polio Supplementary Immunisation Activity During Covid-19 Pandaemic In Tawau, Sabah},
author = {Nur Sulastini Md Nor and Suzalinna Sulaiman and G. Navindran},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-82.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-82-bcd05688f5002a23b980c0b39cd0ed4d.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Poliomyelitis is a disease caused by poliovirus that can cause life-long paralysis and death. Malaysia was declared polio-free in 2000, following no polio case was detected since 1992. Unfortunately, in December 2019 one polio case was detected in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. As an immediate response to the outbreak, Kempen Imunisasi Polio Sabah (KIPS) was initiated throughout the state. The campaign's main objective was to ensure immunisation coverage for polio was more than 95%. METHODOLOGY: Kempen Imunisasi Polio Sabah (KIPS) is a Supplementary Immunisation Activity (SIA) that commenced simultaneously throughout Sabah from December 2019 for a period of one year. In Tawau, the SIA was tasked to the Emergency Operating Centre for Polio (EOC Polio), led by Tawau Health Officer. The target group was all children under the age of 13 years old. Polio vaccine was administered in the form of bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine type 1 and 3 (bOPV) and monovalent Oral Polio Vaccine type 2 (mOPV2). The SIA was executed using fixed post and door-to-door methods. Both methods are done at various health facilities, government and private schools, and community outreach at villages, town halls and plantations. In addition, these communities were exposed to a series of polio awareness and education campaigns. RESULTS: A total number of 79,872 children under 13 years old were eligible for bOPV and mOPV2 vaccination in the Tawau. By the end of the campaign on 15th December 2020, OPV coverage was more than 95%. A total of 80, 250 (100%) children received bOPV dose 1, 80,189 (100%) children received bOPV dose 2, 79,444 (99%) children received mOPV dose 1 and 77,763(97%) children received mOPV dose 2. DISCUSSION: After twelve months of the campaign, the polio immunisation coverage was more than 95%, achieving the target the Ministry of Health set. In addition, throughout the campaign period, no polio case was detected in Tawau. Despite all limitations during the COVID-19 pandaemic, the EOC Polio team executed the strategic planning well. Great teamwork and established networking with other agencies, either government or non-government bodies, proved to be the key to the polio campaign's success in Tawau.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Tawau Health Office, Sabah, Bintulu Hospital, Sarawak},
keywords = {OPV coverage, Polio, Sabah, Supplementary Immunisation Activity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-110,
title = {The COVID-19 Pandemic Related Occupational Stress Among the Healthcare Workers in Kota Setar Health District Office During the Third Wave},
author = {Mohd Faiz Itam and Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat and Titi Rahmawati Hamedon and Anita Abd Rahman},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-110.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-110-d1a2e3bef61278961cb8f85e795dc7f5.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {The coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis and one of the greatest challenges to all the healthcare workers that give impacts to individual, health, organization and economy. Stress is any situation that places special physical or psychological demands upon a person, anything that can unbalance the individual ability. Healthcare workers are at risk of developing mental and physical health disorders in the short- and long-term periods in facing stress at workplace. There are multiple factors that can be associated with the prevalence of stress among healthcare workers during pandemic which are organizational factor, nature of the profession, work environment and individual factor. Objectives: The main objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic related occupational stress and its severity and their associated factors. Methodology: This study used a retrospective cross sectional study design using 533 samples of HCW who answer the DASS-21 in Mental Health Online System during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The samples were healthcare workers who works in Kota Setar Health District Office. Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic related occupational stress is 10.5%. The odds of having stress for healthcare worker from health district office is 2.3 (AOR= 2.310, 95% CI 1.177-4.535) times higher than those who work in clinic. The odds of having stress for healthcare worker with degree and above is 3 (AOR= 2.899, 95% CI 1.613-5.211) times higher than staff with diploma and below holder. Conclusion: The prevalence of stress quite alarming and comparable with other countries HCW who face stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. those work in health district office such as Environmental health assistant officer face stress in doing their task during the pandemic. Besides, those with degree and above (higher education) especially among doctors face a significant stress during pandemic.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Community Health Department, Universiti Putra Malaysia},
keywords = {healthcare workers, Pandemic, stress},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-109,
title = {The burden of disease in Malaysia between 2013 and 2017},
author = {Khaw Wan-Fei and Chan Yee Mang and Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin and Nazirah Alias and LeeAnn Tan and Shubash Shander Ganapathy},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-109.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/eposter_KhawWF-APCPH2022-P-109-4c99a22563507ac6475f46939619106f.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Estimates of the burden of disease (BOD) are increasingly used in public health for assessing a population 's health status. In BOD studies, disability adjusted life years (DALY) is a commonly used summary measure that sums up the health consequences of premature mortality and morbidity. To provide a comprehensive estimate of the BOD in Malaysia, this study presented an overview of DALY in Malaysia between 2013 and 2017. 
Methods: The calculation of DALY was based on the method used in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. DALY is presented as the years of healthy life lost in a population that combines information on Years of Life Lost due to premature death (YLL) with information on Years of Life lost due to Disability (YLD). Population data and death records were obtained from Department of Statistics Malaysia. The prevalence for non-fatal disease and injury were drawn from multiple sources (eg, national data sources, local studies and estimates based on GBD study) to estimate DALY for 113 diseases. 
Results: DALY loss per 1000 population increased between 2013 and 2017. In 2013 and 2017, ischemic heart disease maintained the highest burden for men, while diabetes mellitus was the leading burden in women. Among the top ten diseases, there was an increased burden in non-communicable diseases and a decrease burden in traffic injury between 2013 and 2017. Conclusion: This study revealed a unique pattern of disease burden in Malaysia, where an epidemiological transition has occurred as non-communicable diseases have become more prevalent. Non communicable diseases were the leading contributors to disease burden in Malaysia, posing a serious public health issue to policymakers. These findings are critical in informing national health systems in order to design and implement effective interventions for non-communicable diseases, as well as in prioritising and allocating healthcare resources.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia.},
keywords = {Burden of disease, Disability adjusted life years, Malaysia, population health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-108,
title = {Spatial Temporal Analysis of Dengue Risk Area in Kuantan, Malaysia},
author = {Zulkifli Abdul Hadi and Nazri Che Dom and Siti Aekbal Salleh and Samsuri Abdullah and Nopadol Precha and Mohd Rahim Sulong},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-108.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-ZulkifliAbdulHadi_V01-fa6f067bcdc465138f6a2d07d65fb235.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Dengue fever (DF) is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes-spp mosquito. Each year, 390 million dengue virus infections of which 96 million (67-136 million) show clinical symptoms (with any severity of disease). The current risk affects about half of the world's population. GIS analysis is crucial for dengue research because it helps show and model the geographic relationship between cause and disease. A dengue risk map has been produced using a variety of spatial statistics methods as well as GIS. DF frequently shows distinct spatial and temporal patterns. Urban disease dynamics present a significant challenge to public health systems 
Methodology: To ascertain the geographical distribution of dengue fever cases in Kuantan, several statistical analytic techniques in ArcGIS v10.6 were employed. The spatial pattern of dengue epidemics was measured using the geographical distribution pattern. Distributions in ambiguous areas were established and potential hot spots were found using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). 
Result: More than 11330 confirmed dengue fever (DF) cases were recorded in Kuantan between 2011 and 2020. The number of DF cases was examined to identify hotspots for DF occurrences, which were discovered and illustrated by overlaying maps. The Kuala Kuantan sub district had the highest density of hotspot clustering, followed by Sungai Karang and Penor sub districts. 
Discussion: By identified dengue fever hot spots within the district of Kuantan between 2011 to 2020, this study suggests that distinct patterns occur in various places at different times. An infectious disease that is highly transmissible due to its mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti , dengue fever has adapted to urban and sub-urban environments well. As such, it can spread from the initial point of an outbreak to locations well beyond the flight range of its mosquito vectors. This implies that the transmission of dengue fever is influenced by variables other than the flight of mosquitoes. 
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the suggested methods and resources can assist public health professionals in developing warnings and public awareness campaigns by assisting them in visualising and understanding the distribution and trends of illness spreading patterns. Identifying spatiotemporal dispersion patterns and hot spots of dengue fever may assist public health officials control and forecast its spread. Recommendation: Programs for public health education are necessary to promote habitat reduction and keep working waste disposal systems. The threat of vector re-entry into the area may also encourage locals to keep up these practises after the relevant mosquito species has been eliminated. However, these eradication methods demand additional spatiotemporal research to find other factors that might cause dengue fever outbreaks in a particular area.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuantan District Health Office; Centre of Environmental Health \& Safety studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UITM); Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu; Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University; Kuantan District Health Office},
keywords = {Hotspot; Dengue Fever; Kernel Density Estimation; KDE},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-107,
title = {Spatial clustering of Colorectal Cancer incidence in Malaysia},
author = {Azmawati Mohammed Nawi and Sharifah Saffinas Syed Soffian and Rozita Hod and Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud and Ahmad Tarmizi Mohd Azmi and Mohd Hazrin Hasim@Hashim and Huan-Keat Chan and Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-107.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Final-Poster-APACPH-1-b5bb39d18f28faa6bfdfb79540da4ca2.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The rising trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in both elderly and young age groups has drawn attention globally. Despite multiple risk factors linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) being identified at individual-level, the geographical variation may suggest the role of area-level determinants. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the spatial pattern distribution of CRC incidence at neighbourhood level in Malaysia. 
Method: Newly diagnosed CRC cases between 2012 and 2016 were retrieved from the National Cancer Registry. Residential addresses for each case were geocoded for coordinates. Clustering analysis was performed to examine spatial dependence. Data on socio-demographic characteristics of each state were included and compared that incorporate the clusters. 
Result: Out of the 18 405 CRC cases analysed, predominantly male (56%), highest among 60-69 years group (30.3%) with more than half presented at stage 3 and 4 (71.3%). The spatial statistics confirmed the presence of clusters in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Melaka, Johor Bharu, Kelantan and Sarawak. Spatial autocorrelation showed significant clustering pattern (Moran 's Index of 0.244, p\< 0.01, Z score \>2.58). CRC clusters in the states of Penang, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Melaka, Johor Bharu, and Sarawak were linked to big cities in the urban areas while the clusters in Kedah, Perak and Kelantan were located in the semi-rural areas. The urban cluster is characterized by highly dense population, driven by the industrialization economic background. Meanwhile, the poverty level is relatively higher in the semi-rural areas (10-12%) where agricultural is the main contributor. Conclusion: The presence of significant high clusters in urban and semi-rural areas implies the potential influence of ecological determinants at the neighborhood level. Identification of such factors provides insights for policymakers in the context of healthy settings and resource allocation.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Earth Observatory Center, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Insitute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Malaysia; Clinical Research Center, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar, Malaysia},
keywords = {colorectal cancer, ecology, geographical variation, spatial cluster},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-106,
title = {Social determinants causing healthcare delays among TB patients in Malaysia: Are we in a dilemma?},
author = {Punitha Makeswaran and Shamsul Azhar Shah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-106.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-106-aa01221d9183c471035a012cfb7ea0f2.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) affects approximately a quarter of the world's population and causes a significant burden on healthcare systems in developed and developing countries. Worldwide, TB caused an estimated 10 million cases in 2019, with the majority of cases occurring in Southeast Asia (SEA) (44%), Africa (25%) and the Western Pacific (18%). It is reported that early detection and treatment saved approximately 37 million lives between 2000 and 2013. Hence, prompt detection and treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce risk of transmission. However, delayed health-seeking behaviours significantly increase treatment failure and the risk of community transmission, leading to mortality. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of information published on delays in tuberculosis healthcare in Malaysia and the social epidemiology (sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural determinants). Therefore, this review aims to summarise the literature on delayed healthcare and the social determinants in Malaysia. 
Methods: A literature search was conducted among the Pubmed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases using tuberculosis, TB, social epidemiology, delay, pulmonary TB, and Malaysia as keywords. Papers published between 1990 and 2020, with varying study designs, duration and definitions of delays, were included in the review. The results were tabulated, and descriptive statistics such as frequencies were used to summarise the data. 
Results: The literature search yielded seven local papers published between 1990 and 2020 which reported on delays. The median patient delay ranged from 14 - 30 days, median diagnostic delay ranged from 21- 49 days, and median treatment delay ranged from 0 - 30 days. The social epidemiological factors influencing delays included sociodemographic factors such as male gender and age; socioeconomic factors such as employment, education, transport, and housing; healthcare facilities and providers first sought; and sociocultural and behavioural factors included smoking and TB stigma. Discussion: This is the first review of literatures on the social determinants affecting healthcare delays among tuberculosis patients in Malaysia. The Malaysian public and healthcare providers need to be educated on the symptoms, the importance of early diagnosis and the social barriers which cause delays in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment to reduce its spread. A more targeted strategies on the social factors contributing to delayed presentation need to be addressed to significantly reduce the incidence of TB in Malaysia and fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, a comprehensive study is needed on the social determinants impacting delays in TB healthcare within the districts of Malaysia, incorporating suitable sample sizes of participants and unified definitions of delays.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {delay, diagnosis, health-seeking behaviour, Social determinants, TB, treatment., tuberculosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-105,
title = {Smoking and risk of undiagnosed NCD problem: findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015},
author = {Zuraida Che Hassan and Tan Lay Kim and Nor Hazimah Yeop Abd. Rashid and Nik Noor Syamimi Bt Ismail and Nor Anita Affandi and Nor Farahdila Hairoman and Mohd Azahadi Omar 1},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-105.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Smoking-and-risk-of-undiagnosed-NCD-problem_findings-from-Nation-6ac8a222b5f34cbb2de7f764b217217f.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In Malaysia, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)-associated risk factor such as diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia have increased significantly in the past 20 years. Smoking has been reported as one of the risk factors for diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. However, this was reported in the prevalence cases and little data is available for undiagnosed diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between smoking and risk of undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia among the Malaysian adults. 
METHODOLOGY: Data were obtained from the NHMS 2015, a national population-based survey. This study analysed the data from 12,871 Malaysian adults with unknown chronic diseases aged above 18 years who participated in the NHMS 2015. Multiple Logistic Regression was employed and odds ratios of exposure variables calculated after adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk factors to determine the association between smoking and undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking among undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia were 7.3%, 13.7% and % 37.0 % respectively. There was a significant association between smoking and risk of undiagnosed hypertension (adjusted OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.147 - 1.863},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, National Institute of Health},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-104,
title = {Situational Analysis of COVID-19 Cases in Federal Territory Of Putrajaya, Malaysia From 2021-2022},
author = {Sarah Paat and Nur Sofiani Diana Mohammed Yusof},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-104.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/EPOSTER-SITUATIONAL-ANALYSIS-OF-COVID-19-IN-WP-PUTRAJAYA-26.7.22-bb6fe0fbadf03230cd18aa3c0a5b449c.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Recently, many studies have observed a marked difference in characteristic of patients whom were detected positive COVID-19 during the dominance of Delta variant in the middle of year 2021 as compared to the cases reported during the peak of Omicron wave in early 2022. In Federal Territory (FT) of Putrajaya, a cumulative total of 21,049 cases was registered from the 1st case reported in March 2020 until the Epidemiology Week (EW) 23 in the year 2022. The initial uprise in cases was observed from EW-25/2021 until EW-38/2021, whereby many countries had also confirmed the Delta variant spread within their communities. In 2022, another drastic increment of cases was reported in Putrajaya beginning EW-5/2022, which coincided with the emergence of Omicron variant globally. 
OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional analysis aims to describe the situational analysis of COVID-19 cases in FT Putrajaya, in particular the characteristics of COVID-19 cases registered during both the Delta and Omicron wave from 2021 until 2022. 
METHODOLOGY: Secondary data from the line listing of COVID-19 cases registered under FT Putrajaya was extracted from the period of EW-25 in 2021 until EW-23 in 2022. Disease severity was categorised by the clinical stage upon initial diagnosis, referring to the COVID-19 Management Guidelines in Malaysia No.5/2020 (Annex 2e updated 31/05/2022). Data analysis was performed using IBMM SPSS version 25. 
RESULTS: Preliminary results revealed that there were 7,256 cases reported from EW25/2021 until EW52/2021. More than half were males with nearly one-third aged between 31 to 40 years old. 1988 (27.4%) cases had comorbid. Less than half of cases had completed 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccination and 1.6% had received booster shots, however 50.6% were either unvaccinated or had only completed 1 dose. Majority (97.9%) cases were either asymptomatic or had mild illness, whereas 149 (2.1%) cases had severe disease upon diagnosis. In comparison, there were 11,639 cases reported in 2022 (until EW-23/2022), whereby mostly were females (53.1%) and at least two-third of cases were in the working or reproductive age group, followed by children aged 10 years and below. 22.1% of cases also reported one or more comorbidities. In terms of COVID-19 vaccination, at least 67.2% cases had completed 2 doses and 32.8% cases either had not been vaccinated or only received 1 dose. 6.5% cases had received the booster shot. Majority (99.2%) of cases were asymptomatic or mild, whereas 0.8% developed severe disease. Disease severity is reportedly lower in the 2022 cohort as compared to the 2021 cohort and this may reflect the larger percentage of vaccinated individuals in 2022. DISCUSSION \& CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings revealed that despite the surge of different variants, factors such as age and comorbidity remained consistent with COVID-19 infection in general. Majority of cases in Putrajaya were not severely ill upon their diagnosis and most had been vaccinated. Therefore COVID-19 vaccination should be recommended as a permanent fixture in the Malaysian National Immunisation Program, particularly for high-risk groups such as children, elderly and those with comorbidities.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {comorbidity, Covid-19, Delta, Omicron},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-103,
title = {Self-Care Education Needs for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): A Systematic Review},
author = {Zarina Haron and Rosnah Sutan and Roshaya Zakaria and Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-103.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-103_ZARINA-e95ceb5f550c47cbc3fe859bc96ecc2f.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: One of the most prevalent health concerns in pregnancy is GDM, which requires self-care to prevent maternal and new-born complications. This study aimed to identify the specific needs of women with GDM for a self-care education guidance package. Methods: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021229610). Studies published between 2016 and 2020 were identified from Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Ovid, Sage, and ProQuest. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the articles' quality. Results: GDM-related studies consisted of twelve intervention studies and two qualitative studies was analysed. Three main domains identified for the self-care education needs: (1) knowledge/information about GDM, (2) blood glucose monitoring, and (3) lifestyle (healthy diet and exercise/physical activity). This study found that self-care education benefits women with GDM by improving self-care behaviour, increasing satisfaction, increasing self-efficacy, improving glucose management, and improving pregnancy outcomes. Discussion: Self-care education intervention found success in most outcomes in this present study, specifically in the domains of knowledge and information about GDM, blood glucose monitoring, and lifestyle (healthy diet and exercise/physical activity). Thus, the results of this review might be useful in the process of package development for self-care education needs for GDM women. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the UKM Research and Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, with the code FF-2020-474.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia; Departments of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics \& Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {education package development, Gestational diabetes mellitus; self-care education; health education; glycaemic control},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-53,
title = {Head and Face Anthropometric Study for Respirators in the Multi-Ethnic Asian Population of Malaysia},
author = {Yin Cheng Lim and Ameerah Su'ad Abdul Shakor and Nadia Mohamad and Muhammad Alfatih Pahrol and Rohaida Ismail and Zhuo Lin Chong and Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip and Mohd Azahadi Omar and Mahmoud Danaee and Guo Tung Wan and Rafiza Shaharudin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-53.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-53-128ac6ee5dc64588a800d8cbc5b1430b.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Existing anthropometric studies for respirator designs are based on the head and facial dimensions of Americans and Chinese nationals, with no studies for multi-ethnic countries like Malaysia. This study aimed to create head and facial morphological database for Malaysia, specifically to identify morphological differences between genders, ethnicities, and birthplaces, as well as predictors of the dimensions. 
Methodology: A nation-wide cross-sectional study using a complex survey design with two stage-stratified random sampling was conducted among 3,324 participants, aged 18 years and above who were also participants of the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020. The study collected data on sociodemographic, measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) and 10 head and facial dimensions (3 dimensions were measured using direct measurement, and 7 others using Digimizer software for 2-dimension images). Linear regression was performed to determine the association between gender, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI and the dimensions. 
Results: There were significant differences in all the dimensions between sex, birthplace and ethnicity (p\<0.005). Further analysis using Linear regression showed sex, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI were significant predictors of the dimensions. In comparison to studies from the United States and China, our study population had a wider interpupillary distance and nose breadth for both male and female participants, but smaller bigonial breadth and smaller minimal frontal breadth. Conclusion: These findings could assist in the design and sizing of respirators that will fit Malaysians and possibly other Southeast Asian population.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Department of Pharmacy, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {bivariate; craniofacial; face dimensions; facial size; respiratory fits test; respirators sizing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-62,
title = {Implications of medical tourism to healthcare services utilisation in the participating private hospitals},
author = {Mohd Fauzy Samsudin; Lim Yin Cheng; Maznah Dahlui},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-62.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-62-c542dac072ef27f3cf2a240b16ab0a9f.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Medical tourism is a global industry that refers to the movement of patients across an international border for the purposes of seeking medical care. Malaysia has become one of the key contenders in the medical tourism industry as the result of significant government support and close collaboration between the public and private health sectors. However, the extent of growth of the industry should be explored within the context of dichotomous healthcare system, so that any unintended consequences toward healthcare system could be identified and minimised. This study found that medical tourists represented three per cent of total inpatient discharges from 2014 to 2018. The most utilised type of service by medical tourists was health screening, while top three inpatient procedures consist of endoscopic procedures. Among the hospitals participating in medical tourism in 2018 (n=38), the mean bed occupancy rate for small hospitals (BOR 43.49 per cent; 95% CI: 31.72, 55.26) is closely approaching the critical value of 45 per cent, which may affect their efficiency and could potentially cause patient delay in receiving care.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Cheras Health District Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia;; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya; Department of Research Development and Innovation, University of Malaya Medical Centre},
keywords = {bed occupancy rate, health tourism, healthcare service utilisation, medical tourism, private hospitals},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-61,
title = {Impact of urbanization and risk profiling for non-communicable diseases in northwest Peninsular Malaysia: Findings from NHMS 2019},
author = {Karniza Khalid and Khaironisak Haron and Amalina Anuar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-61.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/ePoster-Karniza-Khalid-P61-Final-dd03cec320b3e435503fccf0da6bc8d0.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Baseline data on urban-rural disparities in NCDs risk factors are not well documented in the Malaysian setting. Objective: This project aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in northwest peninsular Malaysia and to determine the associated social, demographic and anthropometric risk factors. Methods: Liaison with Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia was established to obtain raw data from the NHMS 2019 survey on NCDs of interest for the state of Kedah, Perlis, Perak and Penang. Descriptive statistics were employed for selected variables and associated factors were determined from independent t -test or Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables, and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher 's exact test for categorical variables. Results: A total of 3,112 subjects from north-western Malaysian peninsular states were included in analysis. Majority was from the state of Penang (26.6%), followed by Perak (25.7%), Kedah (24.4%) and Perlis (23.2%). Among known diabetics, the duration of diagnosis was 9.1 ±7.41 years. Random capillary glucose testing found 326 subjects who were not known to be diabetics, had raised capillary glucose level (11.8%). Among this subpopulation, majority were female (54.9%) with the mean age of 50.3 ±15.04 years old, and a body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 ±5.90 kgm². Most were self-employed (27.3%). On the other hand, 591 (19.0%) subjects had been diagnosed with hypertension for a duration of 8.9 ±7.98 years. During on-site blood pressure assessment, 332 (14.3%) subjects who were not known to be hypertensive had raised either in systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Amongst them, the mean age was 53.5 ±15.83 years old with the mean SBP of 152.3 ±17.68 mmHg and the mean DBP of 89.2 ±11.20 mmHg. Majority were male (53.3%) with the BMI of 27.5 ±6.51 kgm² and were either self-employed (24.7%) or working in a private sector (21.4%). The prevalence of known dyslipidemics was 23.5% with the median duration of diagnosis 7.8 (IQR=7.00) years. Random capillary cholesterol testing found 699 (30.2%) subjects had raised total cholesterol level among those not known to be dyslipidaemic. Amongst them, the mean capillary total cholesterol level was 6.1 ± 0.88 mmol/L, majority being female (59.7%), age 48.6 ±15.65 years old, and a BMI of 26.4 ± 5.57 kgm². Majority were either self-employed (31.5%) or working in private sector (31.3%). With regards to urbanization status, 1,566 subjects resided in rural territories (50.3%). The effect of urban and rural living on selected demographic parameters, prevalence of selected NCDs and certain lifestyle habits is shown in Figure 1. Discussion/conclusion: In comparison to the national NHMS 2019 Malaysian data, the prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetics and dyslipedaemics are much higher in the north-western states. Although Malaysia has an established non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance that is adequate for WHO NCD Global Monitoring Framework reporting, there may still be areas that would benefit from structural and methodological strengthening. Hence, detailed mapping on the distribution of non-communicable diseases in specific Malaysian states may guide proper strategic planning for public health intervention.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Non-communicable Disease Unit, Perlis State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Malaysia., non-communicable diseases, prevalence, Risk Factors, urbanization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-60,
title = {Illicit Drug Use Among Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Setiu District},
author = {Alina Annas and Dr. Mohd Hanief Ahmad and Tengku Amirul Kamal Tengku Kamarozaman},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-60.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-60-e8d53203e31d0a2ac9264aa0dec2b5e4.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {For the past 10 years, studies in Malaysia have shown an alarming data of illicit drug use among patients receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) in clinics and hospitals. This study's objective was to evaluate illicit drug use among 106 MMT patients in Setiu District in the year 2021, to determine its prevalence and associated factors. It was a cross-sectional study using a retrospective data extracted from methadone clinics records in Setiu from the 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Data were analyzed using simple logistic regression. The prevalence of illicit drug use among patients receiving MMT was 39.6%. Positive HIV status (OR:2.22; CI: 1.01 - 4.91; p=0.049) was significantly associated with illicit drug use while on MMT programme. In summary, the prevalence of illicit drug use among MMT patients was high in Setiu District. This study may encourage healthcare professionals to improve the overall management of MMT programme in view of factors associated with illicit drug use whilst in the programme such as positive HIV status.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Setiu},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-59,
title = {Identified Barriers in Keeping Appointments During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia},
author = {Nurhayati Shaharuddin and Nur Wahida Zulkifli and Izzatur Rahmi Mohd Ujang and Samsiah Awang and Divya Nair Narayanan and Normaizira Hamidi and Khalidah Maruan and Roslina Supadi and Mariyah Mohamad},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-59.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-Poster_Identified-Barriers-in-Keeping-Appointment-During-t-e65f9ccdf5bafceb566ac8929539702a.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to the global health system by increasing the demand for COVID-19 care and epidemic control measures which disrupted care delivery for other health conditions. This increasing burden on healthcare systems created barriers to care for health conditions unrelated to COVID-19. This study focused on describing the barriers to accessing healthcare services among patients with appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. 
Method: This cross-sectional study, conducted between 13th October to 23^{rd} November 2020 used convenience sampling among the public who utilised healthcare facilities (public and private) during the study period, aged 18 years and above, who understood Malay or English languages. A validated online questionnaire adapted from the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 was disseminated through various online channels including the official Ministry of Health (MOH) Facebook, official government and non-government emails, and via WhatsApp to a quality improvement liaison officer in every state. A descriptive analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and percentage of reported barriers to accessing health services among respondents, which was classified based on the accessibility domains adapted from the modified Penchansky and Thomas's Theory of Access. 
Results: In total, 838 out of 6117 respondents reported having appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic, out of which 16% were unable to access healthcare services. The majority of the respondents were females and adults (30-59 years old), which were 65 and 77 percent respectively. The percentages of barriers classified according to accessibility domains were: (i) Accommodation (51.4%), (ii) Awareness (27.6%), (iii) Accessibility (9.8%), (iv) Availability (6.0%), (v) Acceptability (5.2%), and (vi) Affordability (none identified). The three highest cited barriers to attending health care appointments were postponed appointments (44.8%), being scared or afraid to go out (21.6%), and journey obstacles due to roadblocks (8.2%). These barriers belonged to the accommodation, awareness, and accessibility domains accordingly. Discussion: This study described potential accessibility barriers experienced by patients with appointments at healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reasons for difficulties in keeping appointments during the pandemic were primarily due to accommodation issues likely because of the rescheduling of appointments. As the rescheduling is necessary to minimise the risk of COVID-19 exposure at facilities, the virtual clinic approach and expansion may benefit stable patients who face accommodation barriers such as waiting time being too long (\>30 minutes) and work commitments, thus ensuring continuity of care during this pandemic.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Technology MARA, Selangor},
keywords = {appointment, barriers, Covid-19, healthcare services, survey},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-58,
title = {Home Parenteral Nutrition: Can it be a reality for cancer patient?},
author = {Mohd Syamir Mohamad Shukeri and Khong Khei Choong and Nik Nuradlina Nik Adnan and Muhammad Ashraf Mohamad Jalani and Muhammad Shukri Jahit},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-58.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-58-Home-Parenteral-Nutrition-Can-it-be-a-Reality-for-a35fe7653845764a47fb3077443f74b4.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) program is one of the few examples of an extension of medical treatment to the home environment, for an otherwise stable patient. The program was initiated with the intention to provide an individualized, safe, effective and appropriate nutrition support plan at discharge from hospital. There has been a high demand among the cancer group of patients as well as the short bowel syndrome (from bowel resection regardless of the primary pathology). However, there were not many established centers with such experience to provide the service. Institut Kanser Negara, Malaysia has a modest experience since the program established in October 2020. A retrospective case series was conducted from all HPN cases available since the initiation of the service. We report a review of seven adult patients that has been enrolled in our HPN program with up to 1 year follow-up. These patients were enrolled into the program after they have qualified the pre-determined criteria and undergone the technical aspect of parenteral nutrition administration training. Seven adult patients were enrolled with half of them were of malignant origin and the remaining was due to short bowel syndrome. Four patients were of ECOG 0 and others were 1 at the point of recruitment. At the point of analysis, the duration of HPN use was 9 days to 300 days. Five patients had at least one episode of catheter related blood stream infection. Two patients remained in the program, two patients were discharged and the remaining had passed away due to the advancement of their disease. In conclusion, carefully selected stable patients which then being continuously supervised and evaluated on a regular basis in the community is prudent in ensuring the success of the HPN program. This service is best alternative to be offered for continuation the standard of care when the patient is not able to be hospitalized.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institut Kanser Negara},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-57,
title = {Hearing Conservation Program for Vector Control Workers: Short- Term Outcomes from a Randomized - Cluster Controlled Trial},
author = {Rama Krishna Supramanian and Marzuki Isahak and Noran Naqiah Hairi},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-57.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-Poster-ab39831dd4a04be82437b1fbfaf1002e.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {The burden of occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) remains on the rise, especially in developing countries. It has been reported that 16% of the global adult-onset hearing loss or over 4 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) is attributed to occupational noise exposure. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is one of the highest recorded occupational diseases, despite being preventable. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) in preventing or reducing audiometric threshold changes among vector control workers. This is a cluster randomized controlled trial involving 183 vector control workers. The HCP was implemented among participants of the intervention group. The workers ' annual audiometry for 2017 (pre-intervention) was used as the baseline audiometry for this study. The outcome measured participants ' hearing threshold levels at the frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 kHz assessed using calibrated audiometric booths. Personal monitoring results of workers handling the thermal fogging machine from each group showed an 8- hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) of 87.3 dB(A) and 93.1 dB(A), respectively. The left ear mean hearing threshold in the intervention group showed significant improvement for all frequencies post-intervention, with the most considerable reduction seen at 6000 Hz with a 5.4 dB reduction and is statistically significant (p\<0.05). Positive values of intergroup mean difference were observed at 2000 Hz (0.97 dB) and 4000 Hz (2.24 dB), with the most significant improvement seen at the latter frequency. Meanwhile, for the right ear, the intervention group showed an increase in the mean hearing threshold for all frequencies, with the most significant increase observed at 3000 Hz with a 3.7 dB increase that was statistically significant. The mean hearing threshold remained almost similar at 4000 Hz and 6000 Hz with only a minimal 0.4 dB and 0.2 dB increase after three months of post-intervention. The control group showed a reduction in mean hearing threshold after three months for all frequencies except 6000 Hz and 8000 Hz, with the most significant reduction seen at 500 Hz with a 3.5 dB reduction and found to be statistically significant (p\<0.05). However, the mean hearing threshold remained almost similar at 3, 4, and 8 kHz after three months. As for the intergroup mean difference, negative values were observed at all frequencies except 6000 Hz (1.08) but not statistically significant. Vector control workers in the Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia, are exposed to hazardous noise emitted by the thermal fogging machines well above the 85 dB(A) daily noise exposure level recommended by the Malaysian Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) (Noise Exposure) Regulations 2019. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive HCP to be implemented at all DHO for vector control workers.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya},
keywords = {Audiometry, Hearing Conservation, Noise-induced Hearing Loss, Vector Control Worker},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-56,
title = {Healthcare worker cluster of COVID-19 at a health clinic in Bera, Pahang: Inside out},
author = {Nurkamila M.H},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-56.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-56-cfbadfd96dc761719c2a79f65618f341.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is one of seven coronaviruses that can infect human beings worldwide. In Malaysia, 25 January 2020 is the starting point of the outbreak and the second wave happened when there was a mass religious gathering involving 19,000 participants from various countries occurred at Masjid Sri Petaling from 27 February 2020 to 1 March 2020. In Bera, Pahang, the first COVID-19 case was detected on 22 March 2020 and the patient was also a participant of Ijtima ' Tabligh seeking treatment at Health clinic X. This is the starting point of a healthcare worker (HCW) cluster in one of Klinik Kesihatan in Bera whereas three HCW exposed to the index case tested positive COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to determine the main source of infection, sociodemographic data, the clinical symptoms and preventive measures taken to stop the outbreak. This study is a descriptive study of three case series in their natural clinical setting. Covid-19 samples were done by taking nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and sent to the laboratory for real-time PCR (RT- PCR). These samples were taken from HCW who were exposed to a positive COVID-19 patient on 17th March 2020 and their close contacts. The instruments used are the secondary data based on Borang Siasatan COVID-19, Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Pahang, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia and the cluster report. Duration of exposure is directly proportional to risk of infection in airborne diseases. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) plays an important role in preventing spread of infection. In fact, WHO 's Infection prevention and control of epidemic and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care described PPE as the only effective measures in controlling infection. Two of the HCW were not practicing proper PPE when interacting with the suspected case, therefore the risk of infection is higher. Current WHO recommendations emphasize not only the importance of PPE but also in doffing procedures and hand hygiene practices. Early detection of COVID-19 cases is crucial in containing the outbreak in Health Clinic X. All three cases and close contacts were quarantined immediately after the first positive result reported. Prompt action taken by Bera Health District was proven successful as no other positive case detected apart from the first three. However, health services provided to the community are affected in the process as all HCW were quarantined. The level of knowledge, attitude and practice especially among HCWs plays an important role in preventing the spread of infection. Other factors that contribute to increase risk of infection are overcrowding, absence of isolation room facilities, and environmental contamination. We conclude that the transmission occurs from P1 who had closer and longer contact with the index case and spread the disease to P2 and P3. PPE plays an important role in preventing spread of infection. Early detection of COVID-19 cases also crucial to curb the outbreak in Health Clinic X. In conclusion, knowledge, attitude and practice especially among HCWs plays an important role in preventing the spread of infection.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Covid-19, Health clinic, healthcare worker},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-55,
title = {Healthcare service needs among the M40 population in Malaysia: what do they perceive?},
author = {Noor Hasidah Ab Rahman and Yea Lu Tay and Mohammad Zabri Johari and Norrafizah Jaafar and Zalilah Abdullah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-55.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-APCPH-Healthcare-service-needs-among-the-M40-population-i-4ad976757094b22b80bed06c56f4884a.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Most patients have explicit needs and expectations prior to seeking healthcare services. In order to meet their expectations for healthcare, they tend to utilise various channels or means to obtain required information and knowledge on the disease and its treatments before seeing a doctor. Hence, the objective of this paper is to explore factors affecting the ability to perceive the need for care among the middle-income (M40) population. 
METHODS: This is a qualitative study using an in-depth exploratory interview approach. The purposive sampling method was employed until data saturation. Interviews were conducted virtually from October to November 2020, among Malaysian adults aged 25 years old and above in the M40 population with household income from MYR 4,851 till MYR 10,970, who utilised health services over the past 2 years. The recruited participants were either the head of household or wife of the head of household. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was performed using Nvivo 12 guided by Levesque 's Conceptual Framework of Access to Healthcare focusing on a specific dimension of ability to perceive the need for care, which is determined by health literacy, knowledge about health, and health belief. 
RESULTS: Equal proportions were recorded for male and female participants among 78 Malaysians over 25 years of age. Of those interviewed, more than half worked for the private sector, close to a third were self-employed, while the others were classified as others. Most participants had tertiary education backgrounds. Perception of needs and desire for care relied on participants ' ability to perceive their need for care. Participants had basic knowledge about their own health as well as healthcare facilities or services available. They obtained additional knowledge from various sources, the internet, family, peers, and personal experience. They had access, and the ability to understand and appraise the information received, such as information regarding illness symptoms, treatment needed, and the severity of the illness. In addition, some participants also had their own beliefs related to health and ways to overcome their illness such as self-medication and consuming supplements for general well-being. DISCUSSION: This study revealed participants have knowledge about health, health literacy, and health beliefs. However, miscommunications and misinformation still exist. Hence, it's crucial for healthcare practitioners to be trained in delivering the needed information to the clients in a manner that would enhance their acceptance and understanding of their disease and treatment.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Institute for Health Behavioral Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-54,
title = {Health indicators for older persons: A document review},
author = {Yuke-Lin Kong and Zen Yang Ang and Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali and Weng Hong Fun Anis Syakira Jailani and Sondi Sararaks and Sheleaswani IZA and Noraliza NM.},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-54.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-Poster-Health-Indicator-upload-Yuke-Lin-Kong-240722-418ff381e359265ead351af338be5af3.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Comparable health indicators shared by international organisations are important for monitoring and benchmarking the quality and effectiveness of a country 's policies and service delivery. However, the measuring tools could be adopted and adapted to meet the local objectives. This study explores the health indicators for older persons used in the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) and in two international organisations. 
Methods: A grey literature document search was performed on the i) WHO Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing data portal, ii) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) website, iii) The Malaysian Health Services Action Plan for Older Persons 2008, iv) Strategic Plan of the Malaysian Social Welfare Department 2021-2015, and v) Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development 2013-2017 for older persons. We included and compared health areas monitored across these organisations until November 2021. One reviewer conducted the search and extraction, which was then validated by a second reviewer. Disagreements were addressed through consensus. No quality assessment was conducted on the information/ documents retrieved. Results and Discussion: We captured three health areas (environmental factors, personal factors, as well as participation and activities), consisting of 34 domains, however, there were 5 domains monitored across organisations, namely, i) hospital care, ii) general practitioners with qualifications for geriatrics, iii) community care, iv) social support, v) training. Although there are similar domains monitored across organisations, the monitoring tools vary depending on the organisations ' focuses/objectives, and information availability. Within the hospital care domain, Malaysia monitored the number of hospitals with geriatric services while international organisations emphasised on the ratio of older persons to bed number and hospital employment. In community care, international organisations measured the resources available for long-term care services to individuals outside their homes, whereas MOH measured the number of home visits to patients/ institutions. For social support, MOH measured the number of senior citizen clubs established while OECD and WHO monitored the number of older persons living alone by gender. In terms of geriatrics qualification, Malaysia monitored the number of geriatricians trained whereas OECD countries monitored the percentage of general practitioners with geriatric qualifications over total physicians by age group and gender. The impact of indicators selected by different organisations in fostering continuous improvement should be further explored, as the right metrics are needed to achieve desired outcomes.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.},
keywords = {health indicators, older persons},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-63,
title = {Inadequate Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Normal Body Mass Index Malaysian Adults with Hypercholesterolemia: NHMS 2019},
author = {Khairulhasnan Amali and Halizah Mat Rifin and Ahmad Ali Zainuddin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-63.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/EnHasnan1-42229f4d549b7dac36ba4db21cad10ed.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Hypercholesterolemia is a global health problem and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In line with the recommendation from the World Health Organization to eat at least 400 g, or five portions of fruit and vegetables per day, Malaysian Dietary Guidelines suggest to consume two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables per day. It could reduce and may have a protective effect of the risk of cardiovascular diseases and helps to ensure an adequate daily intake of dietary fibre. This study aimed to assess inadequate fruit and vegetables intake among the hypercholesterolemic normal body mass index adult population in Malaysia. 
METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study (National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019) that utilized a two-stage stratified random sampling design among Malaysians aged 18 years old and above. Descriptive analysis was carried out to assess fruit and vegetable intake among hypercholesterolemic normal body mass index adult population using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28. 
RESULTS: A total of 33.8% (95% CI: 31.1,36.7) had hypercholesterolemia among Malaysians with normal Body Mass Index. According to Malaysian Dietary Guidelines, almost all (9 of 10) of them had inadequate intake of fruits (91.8% (95% CI: 89.5,93.6)), vegetables (90.8% (95% CI:88.4,92.7) and both fruits and vegetables (95.1% (95% CI:93.3,96.4). DISCUSSION: Adequate fruit and vegetable intake is known as one of the dietary practices to stay healthy. The findings show that Malaysian dietary practices in fruit and vegetables intake were not adequate, especially among hypercholesterolemic adults. Therefore, awareness and knowledge empowerment together with nutritional intervention is needed to achieve the recommendation of fruit and vegetables intake.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-52,
title = {Food Poisoning Among Detainees in Tawau Sabah},
author = {Nur Sulastini Md Nor and Helmy Sajali and Afidah Abidin and Mohd Tariq Mhd Noor and G. Navindran and Muhammad Jikal and Asits Sanna},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-52.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-52-9359b8fbfd5f0d538eddadc34658b592.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The life of immigration detainees in detention centres should be considered essential to ensure their survival of detainees. Detainees suffering from conflict and poor health are vulnerable to various infections due to the deplorable environmental and social conditions in which they live. Among the important ones are the problem of infectious diseases and a healthy environment for detainees. Food poisoning is a disease that often occurs in detention areas when ingesting any hazardous substance, including viruses, bacteria, toxins or chemicals. Therefore, a healthy environment and good health is vital and needs to be taken seriously by detainees and stakeholder. 
Methodology: Tawau Area Health Office reported fifty detainees with Acute Gastroenteritis in the Tawau Immigration Detention Centre. The case was defined as any detainees with a history of ingesting food or drinks from 11thMay 2022 and developed acute onset of vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and fever. Active case detection and passive case detection were done. A standard questionnaire was derived from Borang Siasatan Kes Keracunan Makanan, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, to obtain demographic, clinical, and nutritional history during incubation. Such data are needed to identify the causes of the outbreak and the factors contributing to the food poisoning outbreak. Inspections of environmental health are made by conducting inspections on food premises where food poisoning incidents arise. Environmental investigations also involve food safety analysis activities using the HACCP method and food detention activities under the Food Act 1983. To determine the etiological agent of the cause of the KRM outbreak, the types of clinical samples that were taken include; stool specimens for culture and sensitivity for pathogenic Enteric analysis. Case specimens and proxy food samples or holding samples were taken at the premises for testing for pathogenic microorganisms' presence. 
Results: This time, the food poisoning outbreak involved a total of 291 cases with an attack rate as high as 12.3%, all of whom were detainees residents of the Tawau Immigration Detaining Centre. The type of infection in this outbreak is a continuous common source. A total of 15 out of 90 clinical samples of food poisoning cases showed positive results with a different pathogen, namely Shigella spp. (11%), E. coli (3%), Salmonella spp. and Aeromonas hydrophila (1%). One clinical sample of food handlers was detected positive for Salmonella spp. The presence of E. coli was also detected in two food proxy samples, three food handler hand swab samples and water samples in the reservoir from 3 blocks, Block 1, 9 and 10. Discussion/Conclusion: E. coli was considered the causative agent of this food poisoning outbreak. Improper handling of food and water supply interruption was the most important actors causing the outbreak.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Ministry of Health},
keywords = {Detention Centre, food poisoning, Sabah, Tawau},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-51b,
title = {Factors Associated with Work-Related COVID-19 Infection among Healthcare Workers in Selangor},
author = {Amuthameena Manoharan and Arishankery Manoharan and Norazizah Ibrahim Wong and Nor Azizi Abu Bakar and Nik Noor Syamimi Ismail and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {#https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-51.pdf#; https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/poster_APCPH_15072022_nurhasnah_Abstracts-ID_-51-ca02dffb12c2e188b9488311c1dc8b2d.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
journal = {7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2022 Proceedings},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has afflicted almost the entire world. This global crisis has fostered fear among healthcare workers (HCWs) who are in close contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients at a higher risk for infection. This study thus aims to determine the factors associated with work-related COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in the state of Selangor. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among the group of HCWs who were COVID-19 positive in the state of Selangor in Malaysia from March 2020 to March 2021. A positive case is determined based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR assay. Data collection was carried out with each individual HCWs detected positive for the infection was immediately contacted, a comprehensive epidemiologic investigation was conducted and a detailed daily report was submitted to the state of Selangor Health Department by the Infection Prevention and Control Unit in all Ministry of Health facilities. A verbal consent was obtained from each healthcare worker during the process of epidemiological investigation. All healthcare workers from 12 public hospitals, one COVID-19 field hospital, 9 district health offices and all the public primary health clinics in Selangor were included in the study, regardless of their position and job description. The association was determined by multiple logistic regression at 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 26.0. 
Results: The percentage of healthcare workers who were COVID-19 positive was higher among female (68.9%), aged 30-39 years (44.0 %) and Malay ethnicity (80.2%). It was also highest from hospital setting (82.3%), among nurses (38.6%), involved in management of COVID-19 patient (53.4%), with symptomatic (54.7%), category two of illness (50.7%) and don 't have an existing comorbidity (92.0%). The commonest cause of infection was work-related (51.6%) and close contact with confirmed COVID-19 community (46.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that young healthcare workers were 2.2 times more likely associated with work-related COVID-19 infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.15, 4.32), while those involved in management of COVID-19 patient had four times higher risk of having COVID-19 infection (aOR: 4.16, 95% CI: 3.32, 5.22) and with no symptoms (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.09), adjusted for possible confounders. Discussion: The HCWs remain at a high risk as they are exposed to the infection and have a potential to further spread the illness to the nation 's most vulnerable and ill population. Measures thus need to be taken for preventing the future infection of healthcare workers and patients at health care facility and for reducing secondary SARS-CoV-2 transmission within health care settings. This study also provides a useful hint for health authorities in order to tailor infection control strategies.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Selangor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, healthcare workers, Selangor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-51,
title = {Factors Associated with Work-Related COVID-19 Infection among Healthcare Workers in Selangor},
author = {Amuthameena Manoharan and Arishankery Manoharan and Norazizah Ibrahim Wong and Nor Azizi Abu Bakar and Nik Noor Syamimi Ismail and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-51.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/poster_APCPH_15072022_nurhasnah_Abstracts-ID_-51-ca02dffb12c2e188b9488311c1dc8b2d.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has afflicted almost the entire world. This global crisis has fostered fear among healthcare workers (HCWs) who are in close contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients at a higher risk for infection. This study thus aims to determine the factors associated with work-related COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in the state of Selangor. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among the group of HCWs who were COVID-19 positive in the state of Selangor in Malaysia from March 2020 to March 2021. A positive case is determined based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR assay. Data collection was carried out with each individual HCWs detected positive for the infection was immediately contacted, a comprehensive epidemiologic investigation was conducted and a detailed daily report was submitted to the state of Selangor Health Department by the Infection Prevention and Control Unit in all Ministry of Health facilities. A verbal consent was obtained from each healthcare worker during the process of epidemiological investigation. All healthcare workers from 12 public hospitals, one COVID-19 field hospital, 9 district health offices and all the public primary health clinics in Selangor were included in the study, regardless of their position and job description. The association was determined by multiple logistic regression at 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 26.0. 
Results: The percentage of healthcare workers who were COVID-19 positive was higher among female (68.9%), aged 30-39 years (44.0 %) and Malay ethnicity (80.2%). It was also highest from hospital setting (82.3%), among nurses (38.6%), involved in management of COVID-19 patient (53.4%), with symptomatic (54.7%), category two of illness (50.7%) and don 't have an existing comorbidity (92.0%). The commonest cause of infection was work-related (51.6%) and close contact with confirmed COVID-19 community (46.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that young healthcare workers were 2.2 times more likely associated with work-related COVID-19 infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.15, 4.32), while those involved in management of COVID-19 patient had four times higher risk of having COVID-19 infection (aOR: 4.16, 95% CI: 3.32, 5.22) and with no symptoms (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.09), adjusted for possible confounders. Discussion: The HCWs remain at a high risk as they are exposed to the infection and have a potential to further spread the illness to the nation 's most vulnerable and ill population. Measures thus need to be taken for preventing the future infection of healthcare workers and patients at health care facility and for reducing secondary SARS-CoV-2 transmission within health care settings. This study also provides a useful hint for health authorities in order to tailor infection control strategies.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Selangor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, healthcare workers, Selangor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-50,
title = {Factors associated with Late Presentation of HIV in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya: A Cross-sectional Study},
author = {Raudah Abd Rahman and Ismawati Ismail and Mohd Erfan Edros and Azizul Payiman},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-50.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-Raudah-Abd-Rahman_APCPH2022-P-50-b806eefd026cb36973f20a01e6013a38.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction. National Plan of Ending AIDS (NSPEA) 2030 have set a target of 95% of key population get tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), 95% of people diagnosed with HIV are started on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment and 95% of those who on ARV achieve viral load suppression by 2030. Early diagnosis of HIV infection is important for early ARV treatment initiation, better disease control and outcome as undetected HIV viral load equals to untransmissible HIV infection. Late presentation of HIV which is defined as CD4 level at diagnosis of less than 350 cells/uL or an AIDS-defining event regardless of CD4 level, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, increase healthcare cost and increase transmission of HIV in the community. Aim of this study is to determine factors associated with late presentation of HIV in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Methods. A cross-sectional study using HIV care and treatment database in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya until December 2021 was conducted. Variables that were studied are ethnicity, nationality, sex, age group, key population of HIV, risk factors for HIV transmission, and co-infection of hepatitis C and B. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were performed to determine significant factors associated with the late presentation of HIV. Results. Out of total 5563 PLHIV, 3422 (61.5%) were categorised as late presenter. Factors that were significantly associated with late presentation of HIV in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya were young age (less than 30 years old) with adjusted odd ratio (aOR) of 1.38 (95% CI 1.22, 1.57; p\<0.0001), sexual transmission with aOR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.53, 2.86; p\<0.0001), and co-infection of hepatitis C with aOR of 1.48 (95% CI 1.08, 2.02; p=0.01). However, co-infection of hepatitis B was found to be less likely to be associated with late presentation of HIV with aOR of 0.57 (95% CI 0.39, 0.81; p=0.002). In this study, surprisingly injecting drugs was not significantly associated with late presentation of HIV, with aOR of 1.19 (95% CI 0.81, 1.76; p=0.38). Discussion. From this study, more than half of PLHIV in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya were late presenter. The main factors that found to be significantly associated with late presentation of HIV in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are younger age group, sexual transmission, and co-infection of hepatitis C. This indicates that there is a need to strengthen awareness on early HIV screening among these groups especially among the young people with risk behaviour. The role of targeted test promotion is essential to enhance early HIV detection hence link them to HIV care and treatment.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: HIV/STI/Hepatitis C Unit, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Health Department, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-49,
title = {Exploring the dynamic interactions between hospital building blocks in supporting University Malaya Medical Centre 's COVID-19 pandemic response: A holistic single-case study},
author = {Diane Woei-Quan Chong and Chiu-Wan Ng and Sanjay Rampal},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-49.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-49-b939640ebdb3b4b0740040c556e8d82d.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Resilient hospitals have the capabilities to maintain their core functionality, which is directly related to the delivery of services for acute and chronic health conditions, even during a crisis. Hospitals are increasingly recognised as complex adaptive systems and the understanding of how these systems work, especially in a crisis, will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on hospital resilience. This study explored the dynamic interactions between hospital building blocks in supporting the organisation of a whole-of-hospital response in a single case setting-University Malaya Medical Centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative holistic case study was used. The case was hospital resilience defined as the system 's capabilities to prepare for (anticipating), manage (coping), and learn from (adapting) a crisis. Purposive sampling was applied to select the documents and participants for an in-depth understanding of the hospital 's pandemic response between January 2020 and April 2021. A conceptual framework developed based on the theoretical pluralism approach supported data collection, analysis and interpretation of the study findings. Thematic analysis and the charting approach were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 316 documents were reviewed, and 17 in-depth interviews were conducted. The unfolding challenges such as the day-to-day evolution of COVID-19 epidemiology, in-hospital outbreaks, supply chain failures, and resource constraints contributed to the constant review of hospital policies and response strategies. The whole-of-hospital approach, which involved various departments and health workers at all levels, was imperative in ensuring a comprehensive and collective response strategy. Hospital leadership supported the hospital 's self-sufficient response. It served as an important catalyst for the continuous reorganisation of available resources to deal with the emerging risks (governance and leadership building block). The hospital paid close attention to the safety and well-being of health workers while working within time pressures and resource constraints to anticipate, cope and adapt to a range of impacts of the pandemic on hospital services (health workforce building block). The constant change in the hospital 's service provision demonstrated that it could learn and change in facing the ever-changing healthcare environment (service delivery building block). The availability of timely information supported the hospital 's evidence-informed decision-making process and improved the credibility of rapidly evolving decisions (information building block). Discussion: The study identified several factors that contributed to the hospital 's resilience in the face of the COVID-19 crisis. Able past and present leaders ensured that built-up of hospital building blocks were not done in silo but in consideration of all other building blocks. The measures taken demonstrated the hospital 's capability to learn, cope and adapt, from past crises to enable it to function in the present. Policymakers, hospital managers, and healthcare professionals need to consider the intricacies of interactions between building blocks and leadership as the key driver in influencing the contributions and functions of all other building blocks in building a resilient healthcare system. It could allow healthcare systems to be better prepared and respond effectively and that the core healthcare systems, such as hospital services, are disrupted as little as possible.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia; Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {building block, case study, Covid-19, hospital resilience, whole-of-hospital approach},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-48,
title = {Evaluation Of Meliodosis Surveillance Program in Sabah},
author = {Hazeqa Salleh and Richard Avoi and Muhammad Jikal},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-48.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-48-b8c9e8834c3798e3410e62b37d856273.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Melioidosis is endemic in Sabah and surveillance program for melioidosis had been ongoing to determine the true burden of this disease in the state. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the melioidosis surveillance system to verify that the system reaches its objective and to provide recommendations for further improvement. 
Methods: This study used a qualitative study design to assess the melioidosis surveillance program. A total of 9 respondents who were officers in charge of the melioidosis surveillance system at the Tuaran District Health Office, Health Clinics, and Sabah State Health Department were interviewed. Notified melioidosis data and laboratory results from year 2011 to 2021 were also used. This study evaluates the melioidosis surveillance system at Sabah State Health Department, Malaysia by comparing the indicators and attributes of surveillance to the Guideline for Clinical and Public Health Management of Melioidosis in Sabah. 
Results: The study showed that the melioidosis reporting format was simple and easy to use, allowing the disease to be recorded and reported on time. Since the reporting was done manually, the system was flexible as the districts could add variables in the reporting formats. Regardless, it could not integrate with other disease notification systems, especially those reported through the electronic reporting formats. Healthcare workers in the health facilities and district health offices also did not send their reports regularly but only when cases or outbreaks occurred. Regardless, they were active and engaged in surveillance activities, accepting the usage of the reporting format that contains related epidemiological variables that assist in generating information for further preventive and control actions. The system was also stable, and any staff turnover would not affect the melioidosis surveillance system. Nevertheless, timely criteria could not be assessed as the date the report was sent and received was not recorded in most of the reports at the district health office level. There was also rarely any internal audit done on the system, and the completeness of data differed from facility to facility, and reporting completeness decreased as one goes from the district health office to the health clinics. Consequently, health centers ' annual average report completeness rate ranges from a minimum of 50 to 70%. Conclusion: Melioidosis surveillance system is simple, flexible, and acceptable, and the data collected represents the burden of the disease in Sabah. The overall implementation status is also good in achieving the intended goal of surveillance for public health action. Based on the evaluation, suggestions to improve melioidosis surveillance include the addition of melioidosis into the current eNotification system. Furthermore, regular data analysis, interpretation, and feedback dissemination are needed not just for healthcare workers but also for the broader public. Regular support supervision and epidemiological studies, as well as feedback systems, are also required to enhance and create a well-functioning surveillance system. Melioidosis cases and outbreaks will need to be handled quickly in the future, so more research is needed to improve melioidosis surveillance.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia; Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {evaluation, Meliodosis, surveillance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-47,
title = {Evaluating the risk for testing COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers in Perak, Malaysia, July - December 2021},
author = {Filza Noor Asari and Muhammad Faiz Mohd Hisham Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad and Norizah Ismail and Husna Khairam and Mohd Emir Shafiq Suhaimi and Zahrul Laili Abd Hadi},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-47.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH-2022-FILZA-NOOR-47-1-2d60d8b1c09cdf0db2633abde17d3d74.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: As of 5th February 2021, 4,756 healthcare workers (HCWs) have been infected with COVID-19. HCWs-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of global concern due to the potential for nosocomial spread and depletion of staff numbers. However, the literature on transmission routes and risk factors for COVID-19 in HCWs is limited. During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Malaysia reported several COVID-19 clusters related to healthcare workers. This study aimed to explore the epidemiology and characteristics of risk for testing of COVID-19 infection among HCWs in Perak, Malaysia. 
Method: This descriptive study obtained the secondary data of Perak HCWs COVID-19 cases from Sistem Informasi Makmal Kesihatan Awam (SIMKA), a national reporting system by the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia from July to December 2021. All positive cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The socio-demographics and the risk factor for doing the COVID-19 test were determined. A descriptive chi-square analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v26. Result: A total of 12,131 COVID-19 samples for HCWs were tested by real-time RT-PCR and 1,424 (11.7%) were positive. The positivity rate was highest among those aged 30-39 years old (42.4%},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Ministry of Health},
keywords = {Covid-19, HCW, PERAK},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-46,
title = {Escalating age influences the trends of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood cholesterol among the obese Malaysian adults: findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015},
author = {Nor Farahdila Hairoman and Tan Lay Kim and Nor Anita Affandi and Sharifah Nazeera Syed Anera and Zuraida Che Hassan and Zamtira Seman and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-46.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022_P46-1341b3e00da1bb010696d9df2ec7ad58.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: It is well known that with increasing of age, the levels of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood cholesterol increased. Studies also showed that obesity affects the level of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood cholesterol. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood cholesterol across different age group and their relationship with obesity among the Malaysian adults. 
METHODOLOGY: Data were obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015, a nationwide cross-sectional survey that implemented a two-stage stratified random sampling design. We analysed the data from 12,871 Malaysian adults without chronic diseases aged above 18 years who participated in the NHMS 2015. General Linear Model was employed to the test the differences of blood pressure (includes Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)), blood glucose and blood cholesterol across age groups. One way ANOVA/Independent t-test was performed to compare the mean of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood cholesterol between normal and obese group for each age group. 
RESULTS: Our data demonstrated increasing trend of Systolic Blood Pressure (p\<0.001), Diastolic Blood Pressure (p\<0.001), Glucose (p\<0.001) and Cholesterol (p\<0.001) across different age groups. Further analysis revealed that individuals aged between 18 and 29 years old who were obese have higher mean level of SBP(p\<0.001), DBP(p\<0.001), Glucose (0.007) and Cholesterol(p\<0.001). We further observed that the mean of DBP and Cholesterol for aged group of 30 to 39 has significant different between obese and normal individuals, while mean of SBP and Glucose have higher to the obese group aged between 50 and 59 years old as compared with the normal group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data showed the levels of SBP, DBP, glucose and cholesterol increased with escalating age among the obese Malaysian adults. Future study is needed to validate the findings from this present study.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {Blood cholesterol, Blood Glucose, Blood pressure},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-45,
title = {Epidemiological characteristic of Hand, Foot and Mouth disease in Pasir Puteh District, Kelantan 2022},
author = {Tiong Wen Ning and Nik Anisuddin Atiqi Wan Abdul Rahman and Zawiyah Dollah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-45.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Epidemiological-characteristics-of-Hand-Foot-and-Mouth-Disease-i-25f408e29f9c5dbc172e946ecc4928e7.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by two main viruses, namely Coxsackievirus A16 and Human Enterovirus 71. The reported cases are increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, this study aims to study the epidemiology of HFMD in Pasir Puteh in order to plan targeted public health intervention to curb the spread of this disease. 
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study using data from E-notifikasi database. All notified positive cases in Pasir Puteh district were included in the study from 1st -22nd Epidemiology Week 2022. Positive cases of HFMD are defined as anyone with mouth or tongue ulcer, maculopapular rashes and or vesicles on palms or soles, with or without history of fever within the specific period. The data is analysed with SPSS version 23. 
Result: A total of 394 registered HFMD cases reported, 226 (57.6%) are male and 168 (42.6%) are female. Majority of the cases are under 7 years old (89.1%) and Malay ethnicity (99.0%). There are only 6 cases (1.5%) received in patient treatment, of which one of them are admitted to ICU for HFMD complications. Only 4.3% of the registered cases had sent clinical sample with the positive rate of 47.1%. EV 71 and Panenterovirus are detected from the positive clinical sample. A total 6 HFMD outbreak was declared, 5 involved kindergarten and 1 household outbreak. Only 86.6% of the cases seek treatment within 3 days after onset of symptoms. 97% of the cases are detected by passive case detection. Discussion: This study findings are consistent with previous studies which show the HFMD commonly affect children below 6 years old and male predisposition. Therefore, more prevention and control measures are needed for this specific group. Public health policy should aim to instil the concept of self-hygiene, environmental hygiene, isolate the symptomatic and gate-keeping in educational institution to minimise the risk of transmission of HFMD. Prevention, control and health promotion on early treatment is required as there are still 13.2% of the case presented after 3 days of onset to allow prompt public health intervention. Further research to evaluate the epidemiology of HFMD outbreak in Kelantan are needed.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pasir Puteh District Health Office},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-72,
title = {Modelling Healthy Retirement Environment: Factors Influencing Consumers' Decision case study between two urban cities in Malaysia},
author = {Chung Shin Fung and Safurah Jaafar and Roslan Mohd Ismail and Azrin Syahida Abd Rahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-72.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Chel-APCPH-Poster-A3-20220722-de017d46449341c93456e37a5e6fa0d7.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {The aging society calls for interest in building more retirement venues to accommodate the increasing demands. All developers should consider promoting better quality services and a healthy retirement environment. In modeling a Healthy Retirement Environment (HRE), this paper examined the factors influencing consumer decisions and relationships toward HRE. Financial planning, health insurance, lifelong learning program, and technological advancement are external to the individual but have substantial implications on healthy aging, an area as a composite that is less discussed in the literature. This study used a theoretical model based on existing literature which was tested through a set of questionnaires adapted from several types of research. The PLS-SEM software was employed to investigate the relationship between these factors and how they influenced customers' decisions. The developed model was used to explain the Healthy Retirement Environment Factors. This study concluded that to achieve the optimal care provision for successful healthy aging, these multiple services components, namely perception towards financial planning, receptiveness towards health insurance, and lifelong learning programs, were favorable components of a healthy retirement environment.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: School of Medicine, Business Healthcare Management, International Medical University},
keywords = {financial planning, health insurance, Healthy retirement environment, lifelong learning program, technology advancement},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-81,
title = {Planning Of Digital Health Platform For The Country},
author = {Chandravany Supramaniam and Chin Yangxin and Fairuzaman Ja 'afar and Nilavu Karuppiah and Shaifuzah Ariffin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-81.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Digital health platform (DHP) is a common digital health information infrastructure ('infostructure ') that digital health applications and systems are built upon in order to deliver digital health services for supporting healthcare delivery in a consistent and integrated manner. 
Methods: We reviewed the World Health Organization (WHO) Handbook in the context of Ministry of Health (MOH) Digitalization Strategic Plan 2021-2025 implementation programs. The digital maturity of the country is analysed using variety of planning tools, for effectively to begin the national enterprise planning process and to understand the enabling environment for digital health. 
Result: DHP ties applications together through a standards-based infostructure that consists of an integrated set of common and reusable components. Usage of common components will streamline country 's digital health system and makes the investments more cost effective. Information exchange improved across country health system by focusing on interoperability amongst all of the digital health applications used by patients and facilities alike. Discussion: Implementing a DHP for the country is a key way to facilitate standards and interoperability in digital health ecosystem. MOH is going to implement DHP for the country through Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Project. Development of Health Information Exchange (HIE) as digital platform for health sector will be the foundation for common infostructure on which digital health applications are built to support consistent and efficient healthcare delivery.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: eHealth, Planning Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {digital health platform, digital health system, interoperability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-80,
title = {Physical Inactivity among Adults in Malaysia by Gender Differences: Findings from the National Health \& Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019},
author = {Nazirah Alias and Lim Kuang Kuay and Chan Ying Ying},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-80.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster_Physical-Inactivity-among-Adults-in-Malaysia-by-Gender-Di-575e9d337d165765972cec3c6f76ef60.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Globally, 1 in 4 adults do not meet the global recommended levels of physical activity despite its significant benefits in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Monitoring levels of physical activity may reduce the burden of NCD and their risk factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity among the adults in Malaysia by gender differences and its associated factors. 
Methods: This study used a data from a nationwide community-based cross-sectional study with a total 10,356 out of 10,472 respondents. It is conducted using a two stage stratified random sampling design including all states (primary stratum) and locality as secondary stratum. Data was obtained from respondents aged 18 years and above through face-to-face interview using the validated short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0. 
Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity among adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia was 24.6% (95% CI: 23.2, 26.1). Female showed higher prevalence of physical inactivity with 28.2% (95% CI: 26.4, 30.2) compared to male 22.1% (95% CI: 20.4, 24.0). Multiple logistics regression showed that physical inactivity had higher odds in urban dweller (aOR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.68) and among single/ widower/ divorcee (aOR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.11) in female. Among male, the higher odds of physical inactivity were showed among urban dwellers (aOR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.96), not working adults (aOR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.57) and with abdominal obese (cut-off values of \> 90 cm) (aOR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.04). Discussion: The health burden associated with physical activity was indeed a public health issues and does need specific intervention toward targeted groups to increase their physical activity level. Government need to fund appropriate infrastructure and to promote and implement policies that encourage and support physical activity. Physical activity can and should be integrated into the daily settings of people live, work and play to promote general well-being.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {IPAQ, Malaysia, NHMS, Physical Inactivity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-79,
title = {Physical activity and cervical cancer screening in Malaysia: evidence from a population-based study},
author = {Chan Yee Mang and Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail and Wan-Fei Khaw and Shubash Shander Ganapathy},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-79.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Cervical-screening_physical-activity_cym-f1361fff62fa93f5f526ca4d585b0e45.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide in 2020. Despite cervical cancer being potentially preventable, it is the third most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Screening is one of the most cost-effective strategies to control and manage this disease. Studies have shown that women who engage in high levels of physical activity have higher rates of cancer screening, including the Papanicolaou test (pap smear). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of receiving a pap smear test in the past three years and its association with physical activity after adjusting for potential confounding factors. 
Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted utilising a survey subset of adults aged 18 and above from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019. Data collection was conducted via face-to-face method by trained research assistants using mobile tablet devices based on a questionnaire system application developed. Sociodemographic factors included age group, locality, ethnicity, marital status, education level, employment, household income category and physical activity. Physical activity was assessed using a validated short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A total of 5,687 female respondents aged 18 and above were analysed using logistic regression analysis. All analyses were performed using STATA version 14 (Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA), taking into consideration the sample weighting and complex sampling design. 
Results: The analysis included 5,687 female respondents, representing an estimated 10.3 million Malaysian female adults aged 18 and above. Overall, 35.2% (95%CI 33.2, 37.3) of respondents received a pap smear test within the past three years. Respondents who reported higher physical activity level had a higher likelihood of receiving a pap smear test (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.14, 1.80). Similarly, respondents aged 35-59 (OR 1.72; 95%CI 1.36, 2.18) and those from rural localities (OR 1.33; 95%CI 1.09, 1.64) had higher odds of receiving a pap smear test. In contrast to married respondents, single respondents (OR 0.04; 95%CI 0.02, 0.07) and widowed/divorcee respondents (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.53, 0.85) were less likely to receive a pap smear test. Discussion: Our study found that physically active adults have higher rates of receiving a pap smear test in Malaysia. However, the overall prevalence of cervical cancer screening remains low. Measures should be taken in our country to increase cervical cancer screening coverage. The introduction of alternative cervical cancer screening methods, such as Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling test, may increase cervical cancer screening and early detection. Health promotion programmes and policies to raise awareness about the importance of cervical cancer screening should be strengthened and targeted toward rural residents, single women, and widowed/divorcees.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-78,
title = {Organisational and Resources Barriers of Research Findings Utilisation in Health Systems Policy Making: A Scoping Review},
author = {Sarah Nurain Mohd Noh and Awatef Amer Nordin and Jabrullah Ab Hamid and Suhana Jawahir and Iqbal Ab Rahim and Adilius Manual and Nur Elina Abdul Mutalib},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-78.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/poster-30-apcph_SN-1fec0783e1f92aaff84a677c9a0539f1.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based policy making has highlighted the importance of translating research evidence into policy and practice. However, the gap between research and practice points to the existence of significant barriers for research utilisation. An approach to increase research use in health systems policy making is to identify barriers to change, and then tailor interventions to overcome the identified barriers. This study aims to identify the barriers to the utilisation of research findings by policy makers in health systems policy making, from organisational and resources viewpoints. 
METHODS: A scoping review on research findings utilisation was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Searches were performed through electronic databases (PubMed, Health Systems Evidence and Google Scholar). The keywords searched were ""research utilisation"", ""policy making"", ""health system"", and its variations. Studies from 2011 to 2021 that identified barriers of research findings utilisation by the policy makers were included. These barriers were categorised into several themes; where barriers of research use related to ""organisational and resources"" factors were identified as one of the themes and are focused on this abstract. 
RESULTS: Out of 51 reviewed articles on research findings utilisation, 44 articles mentioned barriers of research findings utilisation, which have been categorised into five main themes (organisational and resources, contact and collaboration, research and researchers characteristics, policymakers characteristics, and policy characteristics). A large majority of the mentioned barriers fall under the ""Organisational and resources"" theme. Under this theme, twelve sub-themes were identified. From those twelve, the top five sub-themes with most commonly mentioned barriers were ""Lack of availability and access to research findings"", such as limited data availability as data were collected manually as well as limited access to subscribed journals; availability of critical reviews and full text articles as well as access to reliable research or evidence; ""Limited costs and other budget-related barriers"" such as insufficient funding resources and budget constraints; ""Lack of vested interest or personal preference of administrators"" such as conflicting interest or incompatibility with administrators ' objective; ""Time constraints"" such as insufficient time to locate, interpret, critically appraise, and apply research findings into practice; and ""Employment continuity issues"" such as frequent staff turnover. DISCUSSION: Understanding the barriers of research findings utilisation from an organisational and resources viewpoint is important to bridge the gap between research and practice or policy. More importantly, these barriers are potentially modifiable, and strategies to address them can begin from within an organisation. The dynamic public health world of today eludes that interaction between researchers and policy makers could target the factors identified in this review, where persistent approaches of overcoming the barriers faced can push forward evidence use in policy making.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre for Health Equity Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-77,
title = {Optimizing the Leptospirosis Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) in Makmal Kesihatan Awam Kota Bharu (MKAKB)},
author = {Suhana H and Aliyaisma A and Muhammad Mawardi J and Siti Norsuhada AM and Noor Hafizan MS},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-77.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH_P_77-LEPTO-MAT-091919e3bd6fb20d8b84e8f88df31ca9.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) has been used as a gold standard test for the diagnosis of Leptospirosis. MKAKB has the capability to run the test for Kelantan and Terengganu. The two (2) years pattern of the positive rate for MAT is decreasing from 21.6% (2015-2016) to 3.4% (2019-2020). Here, we would like to share our experienced in optimizing the leptospirosis microscopic agglutination test. 
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2021 to May 2022. Pre-intervention, 30 samples with positive, equivocal, and negative MAT results have been chosen randomly for 3 cycles for rechecking at MKAK Sungai Buloh. As a result, about 66.7% showed discordance results. We have implemented few control measures since January 2022. One Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) was assigned to do attachment in MKAK Sungai Buloh for 1 week. To sustain his competency and performance, he will be permanently work at the MAT unit. He will monitor and supervise the other staff by doing result rechecking especially for the new rotation staff. Some amendments done such as using disposable sterile loop 1µL instead of using nichrome wire loop to maintain the viability of the bacteria. They need to ensure the volume of samples that transfer onto the glass slide were consistently 1?l to avoid inaccurate reading. The procedures on serovar maintenance and on EMJH media preparation were revised according to the standard and latest update. All serovars are maintained in EMJH liquid media and sub-cultured weekly to maintain their viability. The live serovars also will be replaced every year with the new culture. 
RESULT: A total of 104 samples were received in April and May 2022. Majority of them were male (70.2%) and the age were range between 2 to 83 years of age. The samples predominantly from Kelantan (83.7%) and only 1 sample was categorized as second sample. All the samples were tested for MAT with the positivity of 35.6% (37). About 8 samples give negative results while 59 samples released as equivocal that require convalescent sample for confirmation. DISCUSSION: All suspected samples with inconclusive or positive Lepto Rapid IgM were subjected to do MAT for confirmation. The MAT was performed by incubating patient serum with the 20 various serovars of leptospiral. Positive agglutination was considered when at least 50% of the leptospiral agglutinate with the serum antibodies. A confirmed case of leptospirosis should have a single MAT titer of \> 1 in 400 or a four-fold rise in titer between acute and convalescent samples. There was 82% of sample reduction in the year 2021(848) from the year 2019(4729) due to COVID-19 pandemic. The positive rate in April and May 2022 was increasing to 35.6% from 3.1% (17) in 2019 for the same months. In conclusion, MAT is technically demanding and requiring laborious procedure especially in maintaining the live serovars. Having a dedicated with great skills and experienced staff with a good supervision from higher authority will give the optimum MAT result.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Makmal Kesihatan Awam Kota Bharu, Kelantan},
keywords = {Leptospirosis, Microscopic Agglutination Test, MKAKB, Serovar},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-76,
title = {Obstetric Services Preparedness Among Maternal Healthcare Workers in Selangor: How ready are they?},
author = {Sumaiyah Isamail and Professor Idayu Badilla Idris},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-76.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-76-0ec413687a7c9edd49ac255bfd6a5403.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Since COVID-19 been declared as a pandemic by WHO on 11th March 2020, it has been spreading rapidly worldwide leading to devastating consequences and puts healthcare providers including maternal healthcare (MHC) workers at high risk. Therefore, the healthcare authorities worldwide have already initiated awareness and preparedness activities, as poor understanding of the disease may result in delayed treatment and rapid spread of the infection. MHC workers including doctors, nurses and midwives, are among healthcare workers that serve on the front lines during this COVID-19 pandemic in the efforts to detect, control, and stop the spread of the disease in order to provide well-prepared obstetric services. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of obstetric services` preparedness among MHC during this COVID-19 pandemic in the government hospitals in Selangor. 
Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among MHC workers (doctors, nurses and midwives) in the government hospitals in Selangor between May 2022 till June 2022. About 409 respondents participated who were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling method. Data collection was done through dissemination of the validated questionnaire (Google form) via  WhatsApp  application. The questionnaire was prepared in dual language (Malay and English). The data were analysed by using the SPSS version 28 to explore the distribution and association between the knowledge, awareness, attitude and obstetric services preparedness during this COVID-19 pandemic. 
Result: The majority of the respondents were nurses and midwives (87.5%), female (98.5%), aged 35 years old and above (65.6%), and with working experience of more than 5 years (92.7%). Most of them worked \>45 hours per week (64.9%) and had working shifts per month \>25 shifts (75.6%). About 85.1% of them work in hospitals in the urban area. The most frequent sources of information about COVID-19 were obtained from their workplaces (50.9%). Most of the respondents (59.2%) had previous outbreak experiences. The mean score for knowledge and awareness was 14.20±1.66, for attitude was 8.17±2.87, and for obstetric services preparedness was 25.93±4.87. The majority of 378 respondents (92.2%) had good knowledge and awareness, and 362 respondents (88.3%) had a good level of obstetric services preparedness. However, only about half (54%) of the respondents had a positive attitude towards COVID-19. After examining and testing all factors that may affect the level of obstetric services preparedness by controlling the confounding factors through multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression), the finding showed that the female gender factor (R2 Nagelkerke = 0.026), nurse or midwife profession factor (R2 Nagelkerke = 0.128) and working experience over 5 years factor (R2 Nagelkerke = 0.159) are predictive factors to obstetric services preparedness during this COVID-19 pandemic. 
Discussion: About nearly half (46%) of MHC workers had negative attitude towards COVID-19. This is worrying as attitudes towards this pandemic can influence MHC workers’ preparedness in providing good obstetric services. About 52.6% of the respondents stated that their stress levels are still increasing, 62.1% of them still feel afraid that if infected with COVID-19 will hinder their ability to provide quality obstetric services, 47.2% of them still feel get stigma by society due to their jobs, and 56.5% of them still feel burnout. Recognizing these sources of concerns can enable healthcare leaders and organizations to develop targeted approaches to addressing these concerns and provide specific support to their healthcare workforce. 
},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
key = {obstetric services, COVID-19, preparedness, maternal, healthcare},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.},
keywords = {COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare, maternal, Obstetric services, preparedness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-75,
title = {Obesity associated with increased risk of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia: findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015},
author = {Zuraida Che Hassan and Tan Lay Kim and Kee Chee Chong and Nik Noor Syamimi Ismail and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-75.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Obesity-associated-with-increased-risk-of-hypertension-and-hyper-978983fdaa971290c82ab3d0ae63e8b5.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Evidence from epidemiological studies showed positive association between obesity and CVDs-associated risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. However, these were reported mainly in the prevalent cases and little data is available for Malaysian population, the South East Asia country with the highest prevalence of adult obesity. Hence, we investigated the relationship between obesity and risk of undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia among the Malaysian adults. 
METHODOLOGY: This study analysed the data from 12,871 Malaysian adults without chronic diseases (6,324 male and 6,547 female), who aged above 18 years who participated in the NHMS 2015, a national population-based survey. Data were analyse using multiple logistic regression to determine the relationship between obesity and undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia, after adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk factors. 
RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that the prevalence of obesity among the undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia were 5.8%, 12.9% and 37.2%, respectively. We observed a positive association between obesity and risk of undiagnosed hypertension (adjusted OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.19 - 3.41, p\<0.001) and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia (adjusted OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.56, p\<0.001). We did not observe any association between obesity and risk of undiagnosed diabetes. CONCLUSION: Obesity was positively associated with risk of undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia among the Malaysian adults. These findings suggest the need of educating the public about healthier lifestyle that not only will curb this growing number of obesities among Malaysian adults, but also aid in the prevention of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-74,
title = {Nutritional Intervention and its Impact on the Height of Children Among the B40 Group in Selangor},
author = {Mohammad Farhan R and Nur Farah Hiza KA and Farah Nur Imanina MS and Muhammad Adil ZA and Norhasniza Y and Farah Zulaikha AZ and Anis Farisha NA and Siti Mariah M},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-74.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-74-f59b63e512985de3831cfa64cf8f56ab.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: A number of children suffer from malnutrition with visible stunting due various factors such as food insecurity and household income. The address of nutritional intervention promotes healthier outcomes especially engagement through population with greater risks, those with low income of B40 groups in Selangor being the most populous state, thus accelerating health policy makers in making differences in public health strategies. Nutritional status is a significant measure for the anthropometric development of the children population. Therefore, this study aims to measure the impact of nutritional intervention on the height of children aged 1 to 6 years old among the population. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in Selangor State involving 500 children aged 1 to 6 years old randomly selected among the B40 group. A nutritional intervention that involved the supply of specialized formula milk totalling 2kg and 30 tablets of multivitamin with lysin were given for each month. Nutritional counseling was also given. Anthropometric measurements were taken using (barang) and were monitored using WHO AthroPlus software. The height is categorized into moderately stunted and severely stunted defined by WHO height-for age Z score. Descriptive data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. 
Results: 500 total respondents participated in the 5-month course. There were equal numbers of gender 50% and the majority of the respondents were aged 3 years old. For all ages, the baseline height results showed 15.0% were moderately stunted and 3.3% were severely stunted. For each month, there was an increase in mean of height, where the highest in the second month follow up, increase in mean of 1.89m, followed by 0.63m, 0.53m and 0.48m increase in height on the third, fourth and fifth month respectively. The fifth month has the lowest percentage of moderately stunted children 5.0% compared to the first month with 15%. 
Discussion: Here, by giving nutrient supplementation, it helps to improve the height of these children. Initially, children may develop stunting not as easily as being underweight. Stunting is needed more attention compared to other undernutrition anthropometric; underweight and wasting as each varies in severity, speed and onset of its retardation. Conclusion: Access to nutrition security throughout the 5-months-programme improves the stunting problems, thus the growth and health outcomes in up to aged 5 children. Therefore, other efforts of environmental sanitation, primary health care and control infections for the children are also recommended.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Nutrition Department, Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Lumpur, Pejabat Ahli Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Negeri Selangor, Bangunan Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah},
keywords = {childhood nutrition., Malnourished, stunted},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-73,
title = {Modified Nominal Group Technique for Prioritizing Exercise to Boost Functional Strength in Firefighter Recruits},
author = {Noor Dalila Inche Zainal Abidin and Rosnah Ismail and Nor Hisham Mohammad and Abdul Khair Osman and Ismail Abdul Ghani and Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-73.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Firefighting is a physically and mentally demanding job, requiring optimal level of physical fitness. Recent scores of individual proficiency physical tests were somewhat alarming, the needs to explore the issue is warranted. A recent need analysis conducted within the Fire Rescue Department of Malaysia sparks an interest to look into methods of boosting functional strength as part of physical training in firefighters. 
Method: A modified Nominal Group Technique (mNGT) is conducted to gain a group consensus on the identification and ranking of exercises for five functional muscular strengths i.e. pushing, pulling, lifting, carrying and dragging. The participants of the mNGT are consisted of six physical training instructors (PTIs) at Fire Rescue Academy Malaysia (East Region). The participants were required to 1) identify type of muscles involved in each function: pushing, pulling, lifting, carrying, and dragging, 2) brainstorm for type of exercise targeting each muscular group of the respective function, 3) document the list of exercise till ideas were exhausted, 4) ranking the displayed exercise individually. 
Results: The mNGT yield five top-ranking exercises for each muscular group ; 1) pushing muscle: push up, sit up, jumping jack, squat, and burpees, 2) pulling muscle: push up, jumping jack, sit up, lunges, and squat, 3) lifting muscle: jumping jack, push up, jumping squat, burpees, and plank, 4) carrying muscle: push up, plank, sit up, chin up, and straighten arm, 5) dragging muscle: jumping jack, sit up, jumping squat, lunges, and airborne. We further design three difficulty level of normal, progress and regress for the beginner, intermediate and advanced for each selected exercise by incorporating own bodyweight, full gear and/or equipment. Discussion: These findings give insights to PTIs on major muscle groups-matched exercises for boosting all five functional strengths. Hence, PTIs were actively involved in developing intermediate to advanced level fitness regime for 6-days weekly functional fitness program to be applied on the firefighter recruits.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM; Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM; Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia; Fire and Rescue Academy Malaysia Eastern Regional, Marang Terengganu; Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia; Malaysia Community Development and Planning Association},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-44,
title = {Epidemiological Characteristic of Dengue Cases In Kota Kinabalu from 2016-2021: A Descriptive Analysis},
author = {Norsyahida Md Taib and Hazeqa Salleh and Pathman Arumugam and Suhaila Osman},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-44.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/EPIDEMIOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTIC-OF-DENGUE-CASES-IN-KOTA-KINABALU--e377cfb2a53d61cb1e1a1aacd79186e0.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In Sabah, the number of dengue cases had risen significantly. The mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes dengue infection is transmitted by female Aedes mosquitoes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the 5-year epidemiological trend of dengue cases in Kota Kinabalu, describe the epidemiological characteristics, and provide insight into how to better manage dengue cases in the future. METHOD: Data from five years of dengue cases registered in E-Denggi were reviewed and analysed retrospectively using Microsoft Excel. RESULT: According to the database, there was a high prevalence of dengue cases in 2020 (n= 1079, 25.8 percent). Pantai subdistrict had the highest number of dengue cases (n=885,20.8 percent) and three of the seven fatal dengue cases occurred in this area. Pantai (n= 247, 22.7 percent), Petagas (n= 170, 15.7 percent), and Luyang A (n= 161, 14.8 percent) are the most vulnerable to dengue outbreaks in the urban area. Furthermore, nine out of the eleven dengue hotspot areas involved residential areas. There were also a total 4245 dengue cases reported, with 2328 (54.55 percent) being male and 1917 (45.45 percent) being female. Sixty eight percent of cases (n= 2882) were in the 15-59-year-old age group while mortality due to severe dengue were those at the age of 0-14-years old (n=2) and those at the age of more than 60 years old (n=4). In addition, vomiting and abdominal pain were the most common warning signs, with vomiting (n =1831) and loose stool (n = 532) being more common in fatal cases. Aedes Albopictus is the primary vector of dengue fever in Kota Kinabalu. The data revealed that Aedes Albopictus immatures (n=1131) were more prevalent in water containers inside households than Aedes Aegypti immatures (n=128). CONCLUSION: Dengue can only be controlled and prevented if the entire community gets involved. Vulnerable locations should be targeted more frequently for integrated vector management (IVM) that includes social mobilisation and behavioural modification at the community level. Housing areas in Pantai, Petagas, and Luyang A subdistricts should also be the focus of COMBI's efforts. There should be regular campaigns and programmes to raise awareness among school children, adults in the workforce, and the general public about the increased risk of death for those in the most susceptible age groups. There should be strict enforcement of all mosquito control measures, including measures to protect people from mosquitoes and steps to prevent mosquitoes from breeding.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: VBD Unit Health Office Kota Kinabalu Sabah; University Malaysia Sabah; Health Office Kota Kinabalu Sabah},
keywords = {dengue cases, Integrated Vector Management, vector control},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-71,
title = {Mengketil Cluster; Unprecedent Large COVID-19 Community Outbreak in Kelantan},
author = {Ummu Atiyyah Binti Hasan and Suhaiza Sulaiman and Hasniza Binti Abdullah and Hazura Binti Mat Zubir},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-71.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction : During the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, Mengketil Cluster had raised much concern from stakeholders and public due to its high infectivity rate, involvement of several workplace including healthcare workers and rapidly spread across the districts in Kelantan state. 
Objective : To report a community COVID-19 cluster in Kelantan, and to share our experiences with regard of the outbreak management. 
Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted. Data collection was done by extracting information from COVID-19 surveillance data in Kelantan from 1st November until 30th December 2020. Descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. 
Results : The total number of cases in Mengketil cluster was 88 cases, out of 2,024 people being screened, giving the positivity rate of 4.3%. Half of the cases were symptomatic. All 88 cases were identified and notified within 27 days. After the outbreak was declared \& control measures was initiated, the number of cases significantly declined. Among all cases in this cluster, 9.0% of them were healthcare workers. Out of these, 50.0% were being exposed \& most likely acquired the infection at their workplace. Only 6.8% of cases were admitted to Intensive Care Unit, and only 2 deaths were reported, corresponding to Case fatality Rate of 2.3%. In term of outbreak control measures, the case investigation and contact tracing were done within 24 hours after notification received. The sampling capacity at district level was enhanced, with sampling capacity of 100 samples per day. All the cases were immediately admitted to be isolated at hospital once being confirmed as positive COVID-19. Following detection of cases among healthcare workers, massive sampling among all staffs in Machang District CPRC was also commenced on 17th November 2022. The state CPRC also immediately mobilized Relief team to help District CPRC, in which 24 staffs including public health physicians were mobilized there for 2 weeks, until 30th November 2020. To curb the transmission in the community and facilitate outbreak control activities, CMCO in whole Kelantan was enforced starting from 21st November until 6th December 2020. The CMCO was continued in 4 districts with highest of number of cases including Machang, until 11th December 2020. 
Discussion : Eventhough the primary source of infection in the cluster could not be identified, we managed to curb the transmission by doing series of surveillance or targeted community sampling, based on the movement history of the confirmed cases. Interagency collaboration under the District Disaster Operational Control Centre also contributed a lot in coordinating outbreak control activities, including community sampling, community health education and promotion, enforcement and disinfection at public places. The sudden increase in number of cases in this cluster might be contributed by population mobility, social interaction and low adherence to COVID-19 Strict Operating Procedures. Nonetheless, the increase would also reflect an effective case investigation \& contact tracing done during that crucial period. Conclusion : Mengketil Cluster was the first unprecedent large community COVID-19 outbreak in Kelantan. The transmission however, was successfully contained after effective outbreak control measures taken.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-70,
title = {Melioidosis In Sabah: Epidemiology of Disease And Mortality},
author = {S Izuddin and Abraham Chin and Victor Johnny and Asits Sanna and Muhammad Jikal},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-70.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-70-f452115b9e5b1e3e8548e72b4d0b0980.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Melioidosis is an environmental disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei bacterium associated with a high case fatality rate. The condition is highly endemic in tropical countries, especially Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. 
METHODOLOGY: We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of confirmed cases and mortality cases of melioidosis collected from the Sabah State Melioidosis Registry from 2017 to 2021, Malaysia. Analysis was conducted to observe the disease trends and patterns. 
RESULTS: From 2017 to 2021, Sabah recorded a total of 702 cases with a mean Incidence Rate (IR) of 3.60 /100,000 population. 138 death were recorded from the disease with mean fatality rate of 19.3% throughout the five years. There were a total of 12 out of 27 districts in Sabah reported higher than the state's 3.60 mean Incidence Rate, with the highest mean incidence rate recorded by Tuaran district (12.2), followed by Kuala Penyu (11.3) and Putatan (9.5) districts. 80% of cases recorded were male, and 20% of cases were female. 70% of cases were among patients aged more than 40 years old as compared to only 30% include patients aged less than 40 years old. Out of all mortality cases, 85% of patients died with at least one comorbid, whereas 15% of the cases had no known medical illness DISCUSSION: Melioidosis is highly endemic, with a high case fatality rate in Sabah, Malaysia. Good control of existing medical comorbid and education among the high-risk population should be conducted. Appropriate policy and guidelines should be delineated according to the districts' demographics in Sabah state.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sabah State Health Department, Malaysia.},
keywords = {Melioidosis, Sabah},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-69,
title = {Leprosy in Pahang: is it still a threat?},
author = {Ehmad Hamdi Naem and Mazlina Mohtar and Nur Aiza Zakaria and Edre Muhammad Aidid and Suzana Mohd Hashim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-69.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-69-b519f3c3cf5d07ff5d472c56158f29ec.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Malaysia has achieved the leprosy elimination status declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) with the prevalence rate less than one per 10,000 population in 1994. Pahang reported the prevalence rate of leprosy (0.07 - 0.28 per 10,000 population) higher than national rate between 2014 and 2021. However, there are localities in Pahang with prevalence rate more than the elimination target (pocket of endemicity) and majority of them are Orang Asli settlements. These group of people are vulnerable to leprosy with higher incidence of leprosy were observed in the past decade. 
Objectives: The aims of this study are to describe the characteristics of leprosy cases in Pahang and to identify the spatial distribution of the leprosy cases. 
Methods: This is an observational study describing the distribution of leprosy cases among Orang Asli in Pahang between 2014 to 2021. We use database of leprosy cases registered in Ministry of Health e-Notification System and Leprosy Information System (MyKusta). Demographic data obtained from Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia. The clinical and epidemiological data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 and the geographic information system software €” QGIS 3.10.5 was used to draw the maps. 
Results: There were 169 leprosy cases registered between 2014 and 2021 in Pahang of which 126 (74.6%) are Multibacillary and 43 (25.4%) are Paucibacillary. Age ranges from 6 to 82 years old (mean: 35.8). Male to female ratio is 2:1. Majority are Orang Asli (72.8%) followed by Malay (13.0%), and other ethnic groups. Among Orang Asli, 91 (74%) of cases from Jakun sub-ethnic followed by SemoqBeri (10.6%), Jahut (9.8%), Semelai (4.9%) and the least Bateq (0.8%). We found that Orang Asli get leprosy at younger age (?2 4.40, p 0.036, cOR 0.9, CI 95% 0.86-0.96) compared to non-Orang Asli group. There are no significant differences in gender and type of leprosy between Orang Asli and non-Orang Asli group. Chi square test reported no significant differences in age, gender and type of leprosy within different sub-ethnic group of Orang Asli. The spatial analysis shows that two southern districts in Pahang namely Pekan and Rompin have the highest burden of leprosy with number of cumulative cases of 51 and 47 respectively. Conclusions: Orang Asli in Pahang are the vulnerable group for leprosy transmission. They have higher risk to get leprosy at younger age group. Burden of leprosy among Orang Asli population raises the prioritization of health professionals' actions, systems, and services for control, and monitoring the disease to maintain the elimination status.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Division, Pahang State Health Department; Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-68,
title = {Ladies, The First Step Starts with You; Stop the Cancer. Empowering Women in Using Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA Self-Sampling as Cervical Cancer Screening Through Putrajaya's Lense},
author = {Wan Nur Shazwani Wan Mohamad Nor and Haslinda Rahaman and Nor Filzatun Borhan and Zarirah Adzni Mokhtar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-68.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/POSTER-APCPH-STOP-THE-CANCER-25.7.2022-3b8dfc7fbd5ed5eeca1168720fa9ac72.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women with an estimated 604 000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. About 90% of these occur in low- and middle-income countries. In Malaysia, cervical cancer is the 3rd commonest cancer among women and ranks the 7th amongst Malaysians where incidence of cervical cancer has increased from 6.5 per 100,000 population in 2011 year to 10.5 per 100,000 population in 2018. Screening is the key prevention and early detection and treatment for precancerous lesions are important secondary prevention of the disease. The purpose of the study is to explore the acceptability and feasibility of HPV-DNA self-sampling (age group 30-49 years) comparing with the conventional Pap Smear (age group 30-65 years) as an early screening tool for cervical cancer detection among eligable women within the stipulated age group. 
Methods: This is a secondary data analysis extracted from Laporan Bulanan/Tahunan Pengambilan Dan Keputusan Pap Smear Mengikut Laporan Makmal 2016-2019 (PKW 202A, PKW202B, Rumusan) and HPV-DNA listings 2019-2020 in Putrajaya Federal Territory. The response rate (uptake rate) of HPV-DNA self-sampling (specimens successfully returned for laboratory testing) is presented in descriptive statistic. 
 Results: Number of yearly screening PAP smear samples ranged from 931 samples in 2016, 1084 samples in 2017 and 943 samples in 2018. Cumulative number of abnormal results were 22 cases out of 2,958 samples for the 3 years ' worth of screening, making the detection rate at 0.74%. Since the introduction of HPV-DNA self sampling in July 2019 , the response was overwhelming and the screening uptake increased significantly. Within eight months of implementation, a total number of 3,981 women were screened prior to the Covid-19 pandemic (Mac 2020) with a detection rate of 4.5% (179 positive sample of HPV infection). Discussion: HPV-DNA self-sampling as a new screening tool for cervical cancer screening is more feasible and acceptable among women in Putrajaya. Hence, women are likely to come forward to be screened if HPV-DNA self-sampling is used as a method of screening other than the conventional pap smear. Based of the feedback gathered, their overall experience were positive, very convenient, time-saving, and less discomfort. With continuation of HPV-DNA self-sampling as the primary screening tool, it will overcome the barriers including fear or shame, cultural or religious considerations to screening. This will effectively increase screening coverage among those under-screened populations and further aid in reducing the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer in women, thus as one of the most successfully treatable forms of cancer.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Putrajaya, WP Putrajaya, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Putra Malaysia},
keywords = {cervical cancer, HPV, HPV self sampling, Pap Smear},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-67,
title = {Knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: an online survey study},
author = {Khalidah Maruan and Divya Nair Narayanan and Samsiah Awang and Nurhayati Shaharuddin and Izzatur Rahmi Mohd Ujang and Normaizira Hamidi and Roslina Supadi and Mariyah Mohamad and Noraini Mohd Yusoff and Shantini Thevendran and Muslisah Musa},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-67.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH_Knowledge-PPE_v4-69d2ebe04996bc22e087288323c7becb.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Infection prevention and control measures are required to minimise COVID-19 transmission in the healthcare setting, with PPE being one of the essential components. Adequate healthcare workers (HCWs) knowledge of rational PPE use is necessary to protect them from getting an infection. The evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to rapid guideline updates, may further impact their knowledge of the appropriate and rational use of PPE. Therefore, this study aimed to assess HCWs' knowledge of PPE use and its association with socio-demographic characteristics. 
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2021 among HCWs in the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. An online, self-administered questionnaire was used as a study tool and disseminated through various communication channels, including the official MOH e-mail and social media. The validated questionnaire contained a socio-demographic component (7 items) and the knowledge component (8 items), which consisted of identifying PPE components, the purpose of wearing PPE, criteria of PPE use according to MOH guidelines, and general questions on PPE use with a yes/no answer. A cut-off level higher than the mean score indicated adequate knowledge. HCWs who were directly in contact with patients/specimens/close contacts were included in this study. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0. Results: 3132 out of 3699 respondents were included in the analysis after the exclusion criteria. Most respondents were female (78.2%), aged 31 to 40 (44.6%). The nursing profession made up 41.5% of the total respondents. 52.5% of the respondents were hospital-based, 27.9% hailed from the Northern region, 51.1% had been in the service for 1-10 years, and 52.8% had received their last formal PPE training within the last six months. Overall, 87.7% of HCWs possessed adequate knowledge on PPE use, out of which 82.9% correctly identified all the criteria for PPE use based on the MOH guidelines. A significant association was observed between the knowledge level and HCWs' designation (p=0.001) as well as the last duration of formal PPE training received by the HCWs (p\<0.001). A higher percentage of nurses (36.0%), dental staff (15.5%), medical assistants (9.7%), and medical officers (8.4%) had adequate PPE knowledge in PPE compared to other HCWs. HCWs with formal training of fewer than six months (52.8%) were more knowledgeable. Discussion: The majority of HCWs had adequate knowledge and could identify the appropriate criteria for using PPE according to the MOH guidelines. Most Malaysian frontline HCWs had adequate PPE knowledge, which is reassuring since they are at most risk for the COVID-19 infection. However, cautions may be exercised in interpreting these findings as this study used non-probability sampling. Formal training plays a vital role in shaping the knowledge received about PPE, as evidenced by the higher percentage of knowledge among HCWs who had formal training in the last six months. Therefore, regular and concise training targeting all HCWs should be routinely conducted to improve awareness, confidence, and knowledge of PPE use.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, MOH; Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; Public Health Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-66,
title = {Key Features of HPV Testing Practice: A review of reviews},
author = {Anis Syakira Jailani and Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali and Yuke-Lin Kong and Lee Ching Wann and Woon Wei Lin and Fun Weng Hong and Sondi Sararaks and Nor Shazimah Abdul Samad and Wan Mohd Shariffuddin Zainuddin and Zakiah Mohd Said},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-66.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/poster_cervicalca_final_250722-6c8da880e10a40944fd3004024174d5e.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The World Health Organisation 's global strategy for cervical cancer elimination advocates for 70% of eligible women to be screened for cervical cancer by the age of 35, and again by the age of 45, using a high-performance test. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) sampling performed by healthcare providers or through self-sampling is recommended as the primary screening method with high effectiveness to detect high risk HPV which can cause cervical cancer. The screening rate in Malaysia remains low at around 25% yearly. The Ministry of Health (MOH) aims to employ HPV sampling as the primary screening method by 2023. To assist policymakers, we aimed to identify the key features of HPV sampling practice to improve screening uptake. 
Methods: We performed a systematic literature search to identify effective practices of HPV testing. The search covered English-language articles from PubMed and Ovid Medline databases from January 2000 to March 2022. Only systematic review and meta-analysis articles were included for extraction. The title and abstract screening process was performed by two independent reviewers. The same method was applied for full-text screening and data extraction. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. No quality assessment was conducted on the articles retrieved. A narrative synthesis was performed on the included articles. The extracted information includes the method used for HPV testing found effective in increasing screening uptake, target population and place or setting where the practices were conducted. 
Results: We found three systematic reviews, including one meta-analysis article that discussed the screening uptake through HPV testing practices. Seven HPV testing practices were found to improve screening uptake. The key features of the practices were i) having an education component, ii) employment of invitation methods, and iii) integration with other programmes. Some practices had a combination of these features. Most practices provided information sheets in their intervention packages to promote education. Invitation methods were categorised into three practices; i) mail-to-all (self-sampling kits were mailed directly to the targeted population 's home address), ii) opt-in (women who agreed to participate were sent self-sampling kits), iii) door-to-door (community workers delivered self-sampling kits to homes or workplaces). Integration of cervical cancer screening during HPV vaccination programmes or combined approach with other types of cancer screenings were unique practices found. We also found more practices were enrolled in a home setting (3 practices), while the rest were either in the community (1 practice), school (2 practices), or workplace (1 practice). Discussion and Conclusion: This review summarises the key features of HPV testing practice that were effective in improving screening uptake. Information provision to educate and/or sensitise participants on HPV testing appeared to be a common strategy used in recruitment, as education is an established prerequisite to screening programmes. Sending out invitations to encourage women in participating screening activities is vital but should be accompanied by a proper database and tracking system to ensure a smooth follow-up. Innovative strategies such as integration with existing resources/programmes could be an effective option for policymakers to consider.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health; Adult Health Sector, Family Health Development Division},
keywords = {cervical cancer, HPV, screening, self-sampling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-65,
title = {Johor Bahru First Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO): Effective method with interagency integrated operation in combating pandemic COVID-19},
author = {Mohd Anwar Shahrir Ahmad and Khairul Nadzry Mohamed and Maswan Johan and Norli Rosli and Haidar Rizal Toha},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-65.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/APCPH2022-P-65-Poster-617750bb191fac01f450cf92632102cd.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: COVID-19, named after a new coronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a pandemic issues. Malaysia announced its first COVID-19 case on 25th January 2020 involving Chinese tourists who had entered Malaysia via Johor Bahru. The third wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia started on 20th September 2020 showed a rapidly increased number of COVID-19 cases nationwide. Multiple enhanced movement control orders (EMCO) had been implemented in high-risk areas to control the spread of COVID-19. Aim: To highlight the process handling during the Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO) involving interagency collaboration. Methods: Johor Bahru issued a first EMCO following a cluster that involved foreign workers in a multi-companies hostel. The EMCO was issued to lockdown the hostel and area, undertake screening, treat positive cases by initiating in-house COVID-19 Low-Risk Quarantine and Treatment Centres, and quarantine their close contacts. Interagency responsibilities were explained in steps of stakeholder meeting and situational analysis, operational definitions, command and control, COVID-19 outbreak management, and post EMCO management. Results: Based on risk assessment, 2035 (65.3%) RT-PCR testings were conducted on a total population of 3116, and 682 (21.9%) confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified involving multiple nationalities. Of all positive cases, 481 (70.3%) were asymptomatic and majority of positive cases were male (97.2%). The positivity rate of RT-PCR showed an increasing trend to 86.36% then started to decline during the second phase of EMCO (from 23.53% then 0.00%). Throughout this EMCO, there was no fatality noted. The risk factors contributing to the outbreak were contacts from multiple factories then spreading inside dormitories and the whole hostel. Challenges while carrying out multiple tasks and responsibilities throughout implementing EMCO were successfully handled with good collaboration from interagency, led by District Disaster Management Committee. Conclusion: To make sure the goals of EMCO can be met, many factors should be taken into account when executing the order. The residents ' compliance and interagency cooperation were crucial to the EMCO's success. EMCO with a targeted approach should be considered in future pandemics.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Johor Bahru District Health Office, Johor, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-64,
title = {Inequalities of Out-Of-Pocket Health Expenditure Among Older Persons in Malaysia: Findings from NHMS 2019},
author = {Nor Zam Azihan Mohd Hassan and Mohd Shaiful Jefri Mohd Nor Sham and Nur Amalina Zaimi and Fathullah Iqbal Ab Rahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-64.pdf 
 
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/Poster-ACPCH_OOP-elderly_finale-10308e6d681e2494aa7fb567a430b5c8.pdf},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: As a vulnerable group of people, older persons are not void from having to spend out-of-pocket (OOP) for health care services. Due to the higher risk of getting chronic diseases, older persons are expected to incur high OOP health expenditures. Hence, this study focuses on describing and measuring the inequalities of OOP health expenditure among older persons in public and private health facilities. 
Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study using the Healthcare Demand module under National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019. After removing the missing data, a total of 1,445 older person data were included in the analysis. In this study, an older person was defined as individual aged 60 years and above. Socio-economic status was calculated based on monthly household income and ranked into poorest (1st quintile), poor (2nd quintile), middle (3rd quintile), richer (4th quintile), and richest (5th quintile). The OOP health expenditure was calculated based on the self-reported OOP spending for health in the past 12 months. A descriptive analysis was conducted and concentration index (CI) was estimated using the CONCINDC module in STATA version 14. Concentration curves were plotted and shown in the form of a graph. 
Results: The findings showed that on average, a total of MYR 1,043.30 OOP health expenditure was spent by the older person in the past 12 months. An average of MYR 1,004.45 was spent in the private healthcare sector, while OOP of MYR 38.85 OOP was spent in the public healthcare facilities. The CI and concentration curves showed that the total OOP health expenditure was concentrated among those from the lower socioeconomic status with a CI of -0.39. Older persons' OOP expenditure at the private healthcare facilities showed similar findings with a higher concentration among the lower socioeconomic group (CI of -0.41). However, OOP expenditure at public health facilities was more concentrated among those in the higher socioeconomic groups (CI of 0.14). Discussion: The findings showed that the overall healthcare system in Malaysia is yet to be protective of older persons in lower socioeconomic groups. Nevertheless, this inequality occurs mainly due to older persons, especially in the lower socioeconomic groups spending in the private health sector. The provision of health services by the public health sector through minimal fees has provided a safety net and successfully protect the older persons in lower socioeconomic groups. Despite that, there is still a need for older persons of lower socioeconomic status to rely upon the private healthcare sector for healthcare services. Deep dive into this matter would allow the government to intervene and provide greater financial risk protection for older persons.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research (IHSR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia},
keywords = {Healthcare, Inequalities, older persons, Out-of-pocket Expenditure},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-4,
title = {A Systematic Review of Cultural Factors Associated with Risk of Maternal Mortality},
author = {Elliza Mansor and Norliza Ahmad and Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli and Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-4.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-3-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The recorded maternal mortality is considerably high worldwide, especially in developing countries. Due to its complexity and broad scope, cultural factors are an essential and challenging factor contributing to maternal mortality risk. Therefore, this systematic review aims to ascertain cultural factors that are significantly linked to an increased risk of maternal mortality. 
Methods: From 26th April 2021 until 17th May 2021, four databases were searched for all studies that assessed the association between at least one cultural factor and maternal mortality. The databases include Scopus, PubMed, EBSCOhost Medline, and OVID. The search terms were based on the Population, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcome (PECO) system, and the review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. 
Results: This review included a total of 20 studies from a total of 4676 articles. There were three broad groups of factors that significantly increased the risk of maternal mortality, namely cultural identity (ethnicity, caste and tribe, and regional or continent of origin of the mothers), cultural values (mothers ' religion and traditional beliefs), and cultural practices (preference for traditional birth attendants, traditional medicine or herbal use, and female genital mutilation practices). 
Conclusion: This systemic review discovered that cultural identity is vital in exposing the risk of death to pregnant mothers with ethnicity being the significant factor globally. Furthermore, in developing countries, factors under cultural values and practices substantially impact maternal mortality. Therefore, we advocate preventative programs aimed at reducing maternal mortality incorporated with cultural factors that are highlighted in this review as the development foundations.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Universiti Putra Malaysia; Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {community health, cultural racism, Culture, maternal health, mortality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-5,
title = {Action Research Approach in Cluster Hospital Initiative: A Malaysian Healthcare Transformation Programme},
author = {Ismail Saudi and Intan Syafinaz Saimy and Nor Hayati Ibrahim and Nur Jihan Noris and Ili Liyana Khairul Anuar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-5.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Malaysia's Ministry of Health has adopted the motto ""Business is not as usual"" in pursuit of better quality, safe, and patient-centered healthcare delivery. The Ministry has executed several high-impact projects, one of which is the reorganization of Ministry of Health hospitals into Cluster Hospitals. In 2003, the Ministry of Health adopted the Action Research approach to enhance healthcare service delivery. 
Methodology: Data and statistics in this report were gathered from reports, articles, journals, and other publications that were published by the Ministry of Health Malaysia, academic institutions, and international organizations such as the World Health Organization. Both online electronic databases and manual searches were used to retrieve the available literature. 
Results: The application of Action Research in the execution of Malaysia's Cluster Hospital program is explored in this part, which would be followed by a general overview of the Institute for Health Management's key roles in the Cluster Hospital program. Finally, the background of each Cluster Hospital pilot project was reviewed and described, including the reported outcomes following Cluster Hospital deployment. 
Conclusion: As per the results of the Cluster Hospital pilot projects, the Action Research strategy had a good impact on the Cluster Hospital program in Malaysia. Action Research is not merely a research tool. Instead, it is a framework that allows participants to select and apply the most applicable and accessible change solutions for their local situation. Due to the dynamic nature of Action Research, this may be the most effective option for Ministry of Health hospitals to address local challenges.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Management},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-6,
title = {Assessment of Catastrophic Health Expenditure among Malaysia's Lower Income Population (B40): Pre-pandemic Exploration.},
author = {Adilius Manual and Awatef Amer Nordin and Jabrullah Ab Hamid and Sarah Nurain Mohd Noh and Fathullah Iqbal Ab Rahim and Elina Abdul Mutalib and Dinash Aravind and Premila Devi Jeganathan and Ellyana Mohamad Selamat},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-6.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Health systems have developed specifically to allow people to use the health services they need while protecting them against the adverse financial consequences of paying for care. This goal is widely known as universal health coverage (UHC). UHC is associated with a concept of financial hardship due to out-of-pocket payments (OOP), or the absence of financial risk protection that is catastrophic health expenditure. The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in Malaysia was the lowest reported for any Asia-Pacific economies. Despite these developments, the burden imposed by OOP health payments still results in financial hardship especially those struggling with poverty. These households face unavoidable costs to maintain subsistence, such as food, minimal clothing, and shelter. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a public health and economic crisis unlike we have ever seen which could make more people experience severe catastrophic due to OOPE. The MOH's role in protecting people from financial hardship when they are ill should be safeguarded, by ensuring that public spending on health is adequate to meet health needs. This study is therefore important to bridge evidence on exploring pre-pandemic's catastrophic impact due to healthcare payment among the poorest 40% of the population or B40. 
Methods: The Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2019 was used. The HIES is a nationally representative household survey carried out twice every five years by Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). The survey collects comprehensive data on the expenditures by households including health expenses. In design and purpose, the HIES is like household budget surveys conducted routinely in almost all countries. Incidence of catastrophic health expenditure was measured when large expenses for health is made as a share of the total household expenditures in relation to a household's capacity to pay (CTP). CTP is defined as effective income remaining after basic subsistence needs have been met. 40% CTP was used as threshold in this analysis. Results \& Discussion: In any given month, 5.5% (CI=5.2,5.8) or 175,311 of B40 households in Malaysia had a catastrophic health expenditure in 2019. Sabah has the highest incidence with more than one-fifth of its B40 population had a catastrophic health expenditure, followed by Labuan (17.4%},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre for Health Equity Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; National Health Financing Section, Planning Division, Malaysia National Health Accounts Section, Planning Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-7,
title = {Bioaerosol Sampling in Government Health Care Facilities Housing COVID-19 Patients in the Klang Valley: Comparison of Methods},
author = {Rosnawati Muhamad Robat and Rohaida Ismail and Nadia Mohamad and Kamesh Rajendran and Siti Aishah Rashid and Raheel Nazakat and Muhammad Alfatih Pahrol and Nik Muhammad Nizam Nik Hassan and Nurul Amalina Khairul Hasni and Fatin Amirah Suib and Nur Afrina Muhamad Hendri and A. S. Santhana Raj and Jeyanthi Suppiah and Ravindran Thayan and Rafiza Shaharudin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-7.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The dominant route of SARS-CoV-2 is by airborne transmission, through droplets and bioaerosols. Numerous studies have shown that healthcare workers are at risk when in contact with COVID-19 patients. However, there is a lack of information on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 from bioaerosols. 
Detection of the virus in bioaerosols is vital to enable policymakers to design effective interventions to reduce risks of airborne transmission and ensure safety of workers. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by determining the best method for detection of SARS-C0V-2 in the air. 
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 23rd December 2021 to 8th February 2022 in two COVID-19 hospitals and one quarantine centre (QC) in Selangor state. 
A low-volume air sampler (LVS), NIOSH BC-251, and a high-volume air sampler (HVS), Coriolis- µ, were placed at 1.0 and 2.5m from the COVID-19 patients. Airflow rates for LVS and HVS were at 3.5L/min for 4 hours and 150L/min for 10 min, respectively. Sampling was done in medical wards, intensive care units (ICU), emergency ward and halls in QC. The presence and concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols were determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). We also used negative staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize the virus's ultrastructure. 
RESULTS: A total of 178 air samples were collected. All 33 control samples were negative, whilst 22 samples were detected positive by ddPCR with a detection rate of 15.2% and only 5 (3.4%) samples were detected by RT-PCR. Although detection by ddPCR was higher as compared to RT-PCR, there was no difference in detection rate by type of air sampler and distance. Detection rate of samples taken by LVS was 15.8% using ddPCR and 4% using RT-PCR, whilst detection rate of samples using HVS was 13.6% and 2.3% by ddPCR and RT-PCR, respectively. By distance, at 1m, detection rate using ddPCR was 18.2% and 6.1% using RT-PCR, whilst at 2.5m detection rate was 12.7% and 1.3% by ddPCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Significant differences were found across different healthcare facilities and locations. The highest positive detection rate was found in Hospital A (26.4%) followed by Hospital B (13.5%) and QC (2.5%). By location, the highest positive detection rate was found in the wards (25.8%) followed by ICU (15.4%). A total of 45 samples were taken on filters of LVS for imaging by TEM with a detection rate of 15.6%. Nail-like spikes or crowns can be seen and the diameter range of 60-100nm was in accordance with SARS-CoV-2. 
DISCUSSION The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the air at 2.5m from the patients indicates the potential for bioaerosol transmission. Use of ddPCR is recommended for detection of bioaerosol SARS-CoV-2 because of low concentrations in air. Use of LVS is better than HVS as detection by ddPCR was 1.2 and 1.4-fold higher in LVS compared to HVS and at distance of 1.0 and 2.5m, respectively. Findings of this study highlight the importance of airborne protective precautions among healthcare workers when providing care to COVID-19 patients.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Medical Research},
keywords = {air sampler, bioaerosol, ddPCR, RT-PCR, SARS-CoV-2 RNA},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-8,
title = {Characteristics of effective theory-based intervention on adherence to health screenings among healthy adults: A systematic review},
author = {Nik Qistina Nik Abd Rahim and Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli and Norliza Ahmad and Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-8.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-5-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Health screening is the key element for early detection of diseases, and it is widely recommended by professional guidelines. Applying theories in health intervention is one way to increase the likelihood of health behavior adoption in increasing adherence to health screening. 
Objective: The objective of this review is to identify the characteristics of effectiveness of theory-based interventions on adherence to health screenings among healthy adults. Two review questions were outlined based on this objective. 
Methods: PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) framework were used to develop the search strategy. A structured search of four databases (Scopus, PubMed, Medline and CINAHL) was done to identify studies that were screened for eligibility criteria in this review, published between year 2011 to 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Two reviewers used version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) to independently assess the risk of bias for each studies. The study protocol was registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42021257823). 
Results: From the 3, 970 studies retrieved, six studies with low risk of bias were included in this review with a total of 3187 participants (mean age between 30 to 59 years). Five were randomized controlled trials and two were quasi experimental studies. Total of eight theories were included including: health belief model, theory of reasoned action. social cognitive, theory of planned behavior, trans theoretical model, health promotion model, information-motivation-behavioral skills model, preventive health model, and social cognitive theory. Three studies utilized combination on multiple theories-based intervention, while another three used only single theory-based. Both type of interventions from the six studies resulted with almost the same level of positive effects. 
Conclusion: Usage of a single theory-based intervention was as effective as using a combination of multiple theories in increasing adherence to health screenings among healthy adults. Further efforts should focus on comprehensive implementation of every construct of the theory as the key factor to ensure effectiveness of an intervention.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Ministry of Defence, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia},
keywords = {characteristics of theory-based intervention, health screening, healthy adults},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-9,
title = {Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme: iFOBT Positive Trend and Colonoscopy Outcomes in Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Berang, Hulu Terengganu in 5 Years (2017-2021)},
author = {Nor Adila Abdul Aziz and Nurfarahanim Che Haron and Siti Zulafzan Zulkepli and Natasha Atiqah Mat Amin and Madiihah Mohamad Nasriff and Maimon Sulaiman and Siti Hafizah Hamid and Goh Soo Ning and Mohd Anuar Abd Rahman and Kasemani Embong},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-9.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-1-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Colorectal screening programme through immunological Faecal Occult Blood Test followed by colonoscopy was started gradually since 2014 in Malaysia which aimed to detect cancer in early stage and precancerous lesion (polyp). 
Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the percentage of iFOBT positive among screened patient and the percentage of precancerous lesion (polyp) and colorectal cancer among patient who underwent colonoscopy in KK Kuala Berang. 
Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done which include individual age 50-75 years old who was asymptomatic of colorectal cancer. Data was collected from Buku Daftar Saringan Kanser Kolorektal Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Berang from year 2017 to 2021 using universal sampling method involving 948 screened individuals. 
Results: Within these 5 years, 8.6% of screened individuals had iFOBT positive result. Among these iFOBT positive individuals, male (9.6%) was slightly higher than female (8.1%). Age 65-69 years old had highest percentage of iFOBT positive (10.2%). Among 82 positive iFOBT patient, 73.2% of them underwent colonoscopy. The remaining were either refused (19.5%) or defaulted (7.3%) colonoscopy. From these patients who underwent colonoscopy, 3.3% were diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 21.7% were precancerous lesion (polyps). 
Conclusions/recommendations: The high percentage of polyp detection proved that colorectal cancer programme is important in order to detect precancerous lesion. Precancerous lesion can become cancerous lesion if left undiagnosed and untreated. Further improvement in management of iFOBT positive is needed to reduce refusal rate and defaulter rate for colonoscopy.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Hulu Terengganu District Health Office, Kuala Berang, Terengganu, Terengganu State Health Department, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu},
keywords = {colonoscopy, colorectal cancer, iFOBT, polyps, precancerous},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-1,
title = {A Case Study on the Mushroom Poisoning Outbreak in Kota Marudu , Sabah in 2019},
author = {Gowri Mutthumanickam and Abdul Marsudi Manah and Muhammad Jikal and Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-1.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {On 15 and 16 October 2019 , Kota Marudu District Health Office received notifications of mushroom poisoning outbreak from the nearest district hospital involving 10 patients from 2 different localities and 2 different families . Based on the Malaysian Act 342 , Communicable Disease Control 1988 , food poisoning falls under the notifiable diseases to be notified within 24 hours to the nearest District Health Office. Upon receiving the notification , the Rapid Assessement Team responded and proceeded with investigations and outbreak control measures. Based on previous records , the last recorded outbreak of mushroom poisoning in Kota Marudu was in 2016 involving 3 cases. 
The investigation was conducted through interviewing the cases and reviewing medical records in Hospital Kota Marudu . The first family which was notified on 15 October 2019 was from Koromoko Village, Kota Marudu and the second family which was notified on 16 October 2019 was from Minansad Village , Kota Marudu. Both these families collected the wild mushrooms from the forest nearby their house , mistakening them to be edible mushrooms , undercooked them and ingested them . The age group of the cases from Koromoko Village are within 4 to 21 years old whereas those from Minansad Village is within the age of 4 to 67 years old. They developed signs and symptoms of food poisoning within 2-3 hours of ingestion and presented to the hospital with symptoms of neurological and gastro- intestinal disturbances. The attack rate was 100%. 4 of them were admitted in Hospital Kota Marudu for observation and discharged the following day , whereas 5 of them in the peadiatric age group were referred to tertiary hospital for observation and discharged after 2 days. Only one elderly gentleman , 67 years old was admitted for 9 days in tertiary hospital for further management. All of them were treated symptomatically and no fatality recorded. Samples of the mushrooms were collected and sent to the Mycology Lab in University Malaysia Sabah for analysis. 
Based on the analysis report , the two mushroom species which caused the poisoning were Entoloma mastoideum (samples collected from Koromoko Village) and Amanita princeps (samples collected from Minansad Village) . These 2 poisonous mushrooms are found in the wild after a rainy season , can be mistaken as edible mushrooms and the mycotoxin are known to cause muscarinic effects upon ingestion. 
Upon receiving the notifications , the Rapid Response Team proceeded with the outbreak control measures which includes health education and health promotion to villagers and the nearby villagers as well. An outbreak review meeting at the district level was done to educate and disseminate the information on mushroom poisoning to all the people of Kota Marudu through the village heads and also the mushroom handlers. 
In Malaysia, mushroom poisoning still poses a major public health concern especially in Sabah. Continuous health education to public about the potential dangers of ingesting poisonous mushrooms as well as maintaining a good personal and environmental health is needed to prevent any food poisoning outbreak in future.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Kota Marudu; Pejabat Kesihatan Kawasan Kudat; Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Sabah; Institut Biologi Tropika dan Pemulihan , Universiti Malaysia Sabah},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-2,
title = {A Cluster of Imported Bancroftian Filariasis among Indian Immigrants in Jerantut, Pahang: A Threat to Public Health},
author = {Munazieraa Ab Aziz and Azizan Zulkepri and Mohd Nasiruddin Zakaria and Mohamed Sapian Mohamed and Amir Faisal Mohd Khairi},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-2.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Globally, over 120 million people were infected with lymphatic filariasis (LF), with approximately 40 million people disfigured and incapacitated. In Asia, 63% population were at risk and 50% of people infected with LF live in Asia. India harbour 40% of the world's burden of disease. In Jerantut, Pahang, there was mass influx of Indian foreign workers to oil palm plantation in 2019. Thus, this study was done to determine the prevalence and outbreak investigation of LF among Indian immigrants in Jerantut, Pahang. 
Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study done in Jerantut, Pahang between November to December 2020. The epidemiological investigations included mass night blood survey, detection of sector breeding places and entomological studies. Control measures were instituted concurrently and this included treatment of positive cases, sector control measures, personal protection and health education. 
Result: A total of 12 microfilariaes (MF) positive cases were detected among 201 Indian immigrant's that undergone screening, given the prevalence of MF of 6.0%. The only MF species identified was Wuchereria bancrofti . Ranges of MF density was between 1-81 mf/60ul of blood. All positive cases were asymptomatic and 77.8% of the cases were in Jerantut for less than 2 years. All positive cases were from 5 states in India includes Bihar, Kolkatta, Telanggana, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Culex Quinquefasciatus were the majority of the vector spread in the locality. Dissection of the mosquitoes were found to be negative. 
Conclusion: Considering low density of mf in blood of the cases, low density of vector mosquitoes, the transmission of LF in local community is low. However, our study stresses on the importance of close monitoring of the disease by night blood surveys and effective integrated vector control measures.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya; Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Jerantut; Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Jerantut; Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Pahang; Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Jerantut.},
keywords = {Jerantut, Microfilariae, Vector, Wuchereria bancrofti},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-3,
title = {A Novel Approach in Patient Treatment : Home Parenteral Nutrition with Concurrent Chemotherapy},
author = {Mohd Syamir Mohamad Shukeri and Khong Khei Choong and Muhammad Shukri Jahit and Muhammad Ashraf Mohammad Jalani},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-3.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-1-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction : We describe a case in which improving symptoms and quality of life are the main objectives. A 68 year old female was diagnosed with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma with extensive peritoneal involvement. She developed multiple complications namely a complete bowel obstruction, malignant ascites, bilateral lower limb edema and cancer cachexia. Her symptoms were managed with naso-gastric tube insertion for gastric decompression and indwelling peritoneal catheter. 
Methods : Parenteral nutrition (PN) was initiated in the ward in order to improve her nutritional status and functional condition to prepare her for chemotherapy. Concurrent FOLFOX-4 with PN was planned. For her to return home, patient together with caretaker were taught and trained on catheter care as well as chemotherapy and PN handling at home. Succeeding multiple hands-on training, the patient was discharged with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Two weekly appointments were given for modified FOLFOX-6 chemotherapy administration together with infusion bottle installation (for home chemotherapy infusion), HPN monitoring and catheter care re-assessment. Patient was monitored for up to 1 year in life. 
Results and Discussion : Patient had received nine cycles of chemotherapy alongside PN with no complications and her blood results are within normal limits. Her naso-gastric effluent has reduced significantly and the ascites has diminished. These allow the removal of long-term naso-gastric decompression tube and indwelling peritoneal catheter. Her ECOG has improved from ECOG 2 to 1, progressive weight loss was prevented and lower limb edema has reduced which improves her mobility. Patient's successfully able to be with the HPN program for 371 days with only one episode of catheter related blood infection that require hospitalization. Unfortunately, she succumbed to her disease 14 months after being diagnosed. 
Conclusions : PN has helped to improve patient functional condition which expands the option of having chemotherapy for the patient which in turn reverses her symptoms. Concurrent administration of PN and chemotherapy prove to be feasible and safe in this patient. Modifying treatment modalities so that patient can be comfortable at home has improved patient quality of life tremendously.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institut Kanser Negara},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-10,
title = {Cost-Effectiveness Of Mobile Phone Imaging Teledentistry For Oral Cancer Screening In Rural High-Risk Communities},
author = {Sivaraj Raman and Asrul Akmal Shafie and Mannil Thomas Abraham and Shim Chen Kiong and Thaddius Herman Maling and Senthilmani Rajendran and Sok Ching Cheong},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-10.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Oral cancer in Malaysia disproportionately affects certain rural communities due to their sociodemographic factors and healthcare accessibility barriers. Furthermore, the low number of specialists and geographical difficulties limit the feasibility of routine community screening visits. Patients are thus mostly diagnosed at later stages, leading to substantial social and economic burdens. To address these challenges, a novel application called MeMoSA ® was developed by incorporating a mobile phone imaging teledentistry for oral examinations (MOE). This study aims to report the cost-effectiveness of the proposed MOE in rural primary clinics, for screening patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cancer compared to the conventional oral examination (COE) conducted routinely via high-risk community screening visits. 
Methods: Markov modeling was applied to simulate the cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) for a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 adults aged 40 years. Following local reports, the coverage of high-risk rural communities was set at 0.03%. A societal perspective was adopted to include the cost of screening programs, disease management, household out-of-pocket expenditures and loss of productivity. Variables used were derived from a cross-sectional costing study and patient surveys in two tertiary healthcare centers, in addition to reviews of local and international literature. Cost-effectiveness was determined based on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed for several key parameters. 
Results: Based on model simulations, the number of individuals screened by COE was higher than MOE (784.4 vs 47.9), while the number of successful diagnoses was small in both (2.39 vs 0.33). As the QALY generated in COE and MOE were comparable at 1,957,041 and 1,957,043, a cost-minimization approach was applied, where only the cost parameter was evaluated. The discounted societal cost was MYR 132,471 for COE and MYR11,760 for MOE. Larger costs in COE were primarily contributed by resources required to conduct community screening visits in rural areas and the loss of household productivity. As the population coverage for MOE was arbitrarily increased from 0.03% to 0.10% in the sensitivity analysis, the calculated societal cost saved increased from MYR 120,711 to MYR 402,355. The analysis also evidenced that factors such as the test performance of MeMoSA ®, self-referral rates of patients and progression of OPMD to stage I oral cancer had minimal impact on the total societal cost and QALY. 
Discussion: The overall lower number of cases diagnosed was mainly because both strategies only targeted smaller pockets of high-risk communities. MOE was however shown to be a viable alternative to replace the conventional practice as the coverage can be easily extended via the introduction of new sites. In contrast, the conduct of current community screening visits will continually be limited by logistical challenges and the availability of resources. The savings from the switch can further be used to improve screening infrastructure in underserved areas, strengthen awareness campaigns and conduct MeMoSA ® user training.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health; Institutional Planning and Strategic Center, Universiti Sains Malaysia; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Umum Sarawak; Samarahan Divisional Dental Office, Sarawak State Health Department; Digital Health Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya},
keywords = {cost-effectiveness, oral cancer, Rural, screening, teledentistry},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-11,
title = {COVID-19 Assessment Center (CAC): Tackling the Pandemic At Primary Care},
author = {Norizah Hj Ibrahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-11.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-4-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Primary Health Care (PHC) is the essential foundation in COVID-19 response globally because it can meet more than 80% of people's health needs. It plays a significant role in gatekeeping and clinical responses in identifying and triaging potential COVID-19 cases, ensuring early diagnosis, helping vulnerable people cope with their anxiety, and reducing the hospital service demand. 
In Malaysia, Primary Health Care is the backbone of health system through a vast network of the State Health Departments, District Health Offices and Health Clinics. During the initial pandemic phase, all positive COVID-19 cases were admitted to the hospitals and COVID-19 Quarantine and Treatment Centers ( Pusat Kuarantin \& Rawatan COVID 19 [PKRC] ). 
Eventfully, in January 2020, as the number of COVID 19 cases increased and the usage of PKRC and hospital beds were approaching to the maximum capacity, Category 1 and Category 2 (mild symptoms) patients had to be instructed to undergo isolation and recuperated at home with monitoring by health care workers. This plan was executed based on the fact that more than 90 percent of COVID-19 cases belonged to Category 1 and 2, in which patients only display mild symptoms or none at all. Therefore, Malaysia's Ministry of Health (MOH) had set up a 213 COVID-19 Assessment Centers (CAC) nationwide. 
CAC played a significant role in the COVID-19 response by making an early diagnosis, classifying COVID-19 patient categories to determine subsequent patient management, including home treatment approval, helping vulnerable people coping with their anxiety about the virus, and reducing the demand for hospital services. 
Patients who were not suitable for home treatment and monitoring, were to be referred to the ministry's PKRCs and hospitals. Patients suitable to be monitored at home were regularly evaluated by CAC staff using the Home Assessment Tool (HAT), a tool used specifically for assessing patients ' symptoms. Those with worsening symptoms will be managed accordingly, either referral to the PKRC or to the hospital.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Family Health Development Division, MOH Putrajaya},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-12,
title = {COVID-19 Health Expenditure Estimation Using Fundamental Principles of National Health Accounts (NHA) and Its Practical Challenges},
author = {Premila Devi Jeganathan and Anegala Periana Kovindear and Ellyana Mohamad Selamat},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-12.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020 was a public health emergency of international concern and had significant impact on health spending worldwide. Effective resource prioritization and allocation, require well documented information on financing resources, healthcare providers and healthcare services. The pandemic highlighted the usefulness of using the National Health Accounts (NHA), as the fundamental accounting principles assist in capturing of a comprehensive, internationally comparable health expenditure data. The objectives of this study were to analyze and report COVID-19 related health expenditure based on Malaysia National Health Accounts (MNHA) framework. 
Methods: The approach consists of 3 broad stages, encompassing planning, data collection, data analysis and validation. Various data sources were identified. Steps were taken to ensure the total COVID-19 health expenditure took into account absolute amount which included not only cash but also in-kind expenditure related to donations. Data analysis included mapping of expenditure based on the 3 dimensions of MNHA framework and to the newly developed COVID-19 function codes. Verification and validation of the analyzed data was carried out at several levels prior to obtaining endorsement from the MNHA Steering Committee. 
Results: For 2020 the COVID-19 health expenditure estimation was 3.2% of total expenditure in health of which, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) was the main source of financing. Donations by various public and private agencies contributed to 19.6% of the total. The main provider of health care was for the provision of public health programs at RM 980 million or 45.4%, followed by hospitals at RM 509 million (23.6%). Spending on gross capital formation was the highest at RM 508 million or 23.5%. 
Discussion: This was the first attempt of estimating COVID-19 health expenditure using MNHA framework. To be able to capture the flow of expenditure from Source to Provider to Functions, data was gathered from various sources. This was difficult as data for out-of-pocket and corporation depends on secondary data that is not produced annually. Further adding to this, was lack of specific tagging to mark COVID-19 health expenditure. These challenges and limitations led to an underestimation of the total health expenditure. However, analysis based on available data showed expenditure for gross capital formation which encompassed money spent on purchasing ventilators and medical equipment, increasing number of hospital capacity, development of mobile tracing applications and other IT infrastructure and software cost was the highest. This confirmed that the government paid serious attention to ensuring our health facilities were well equipped to treat those in need and invested in elevating existing preventive measures.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Planning Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-13,
title = {Determinants of maternal perception on antenatal care services during COVID 19 pandemic: A Systematic Review},
author = {Nor Izyani Bahari and Rosnah Sutan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-13.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-3-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic provokes the healthcare system evolution to digital transformation for monitoring and management, particularly in delivering essential health services such as maternal healthcare. This review aimed to identify the determinants of maternal perception of the COVID 19 pandemic on antenatal health care services. 
Methods: SCOPUS, Web of Science, SAGE, Ovid, and MEDLINE were systematically searched for published articles from January 2020 to June 2021. Eligible articles were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Out of 278 articles identified, eight articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included for narrative synthesis. 
Results: Five themes emerged on the determinants of maternal perception on antenatal healthcare services and related to COVID 19 pandemic: lack of psychosocial supports, poor quality of maternal health care, poor insight on virtual consultation, failure of health structure adaptation to meet mothers' needs, and satisfaction with maternal health services. 
Conclusion: Implementing a digital system in maternal health services depends heavily on financial resources and is widely available in the middle to high-income countries. Therefore, it is critical to readjust the service to reach the vulnerable group with no proper access to ensure equity and quality of maternal health services during COVID 19 pandemic.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia},
keywords = {COVID 19 pandemic, Digital health, Equity care, Maternal health service, Maternal perception},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-15,
title = {Development of an open-source, rapidly-scalable, low-cost, and reproducible COVID-19 dashboard in deriving epidemiologic intelligence for Public health action},
author = {Vivek Jason Jayaraj and Ng Chiu-Wan and Diane Chong Woei Quan and Victor CW Hoe and Sanjay Rampal},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-15.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-2-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The transmission of COVID-19 has led to more than 535 million cases and 6 million deaths globally as of May 2022. There are questions about whether variation in the preparedness and capacity of countries has affected the global pandemic response. Innovations in analysing, presenting, and translating data into an evidence base for decision-making may result in better responses. We aimed to develop an open-source, rapidly scalable, low-cost, and reproducible solution to improve epidemiologic intelligence. This solution included a data collation system, an analytic platform, and a dashboard to visualise epidemiological indicators better. 
Methods: A five-tiered workflow was utilised and included: i) data acquisition, ii) data processing, iii) databasing, sharing, and version control, iv) data visualisation, and v) deployment and monitoring. A web crawler collated data from press releases from the Director-General of Health, Ministry of health infographics, and public instant messaging channels between October 2020 and July 2021. Data from the Ministry of Health GitHub portal was used when it became available. Important epidemiologic indicators were tabulated or visualised, including the incidence and mortality rates, instantaneous reproductive number, and test positivity ratio. A dashboard was deployed using open-source hosting solutions to illustrate epidemiological indicators deemed essential to influence policy responses. An iframe allowed for dashboard access from a department website. Dashboard use statistics were collected using google analytics and were periodically monitored. 
Results: The dashboard featured cards, histograms, and line charts on separate pages. The dashboard was deployed in October 2020. Based on previous monitoring and evaluation activities, extended functionalities were integrated into the dashboard beginning in May 2022, with alpha deployment in June 2022. A total of 919 views of the dashboard were reported from 1 October 2020 to 7 June 2022. A total of 11.4%, 21.0%, 22.7%, 17.8%, 10.9%, 9.9%, and 6.1% of views were reported in October-December 2020, January-March 2021, April-June 2021, July-September 2021, October-December 2021, January-March 2022, and April-June 2022, respectively. The data from April-June 2022 was incomplete at the time of reporting. A total of 96% of all views originated in Malaysia between October 2020 and June 2022. 
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had diverse consequences at every level of society. Data innovations are critical in ensuring our responses to the pandemic remain optimal. Innovative and frugal solutions can be critical in crises such as COVID-19. This open-source, rapidly-scalable, low-cost, and reproducible dashboard may be useful in many countries, especially countries with low-resource settings. However, they may be extended beyond this to function in other health- and healthcare-related scenarios, especially in automating data collation, processing and reporting that are central to healthcare and public health. There remains a need for more collaboration in strengthening workflows such as this to allow more rapid adoption of dynamic reporting systems in the health sector.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-16,
title = {Drivers And Barriers to The Acceptability of A Human Milk Bank Among Malaysians},
author = {Kalaashini Ramachandran and Maznah Dahlui and Nik Daliana Nik Farid},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-16.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-3-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction : WHO recommends all babies to be exclusively breastfed and donor milk is the next best alternative in the absence of mother's own milk. The establishment of a human milk bank (HMB) is still being debated due to religious concerns in Malaysia leading to informal milk sharing practices, but little is known on the knowledge, attitude and perception of women towards HMB and its benefits. This study hypothesizes that there is no association between knowledge and attitude and the acceptance towards the establishment of human milk bank among Malaysian women and healthcare providers. The aim of this study is to determine the drivers and barriers among Malaysian towards the acceptance of an HMB. 
Method : A cross-sectional study with 367 participants was enrolled within a period of 3 months to answer an online self-administered questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic, knowledge on breastfeeding benefits, knowledge and attitude on HMB and its specific issues were analyzed in terms of frequency and then proceed to multiple logistic regression. 
Results: Majority of the respondents are of Islamic religion (73.3%), have successfully completed their tertiary education (82.8%), and are employed (70.8%). Only 55.9% of respondents have heard of an HMB stating internet as their main source of information but a higher prevalence is agreeable to the establishment of a human milk bank (67.8%). Most respondents have a good score on knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and on HMB specific issues (70% and 54.2% respectively) while 63.8% of them have a positive attitude towards HMB. In the multivariate analysis, mothers with a good score on general knowledge of breastfeeding (AOR: 1.715) were more likely to accept the establishment of an HMB while Islamic religion was negatively associated with its establishment (AOR:0.113). 
Conclusion: This study has found a high prevalence rate of mothers who are willing to accept the establishment of an HMB. This action can be potentially shaped by educating mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding as well as addressing their religious concerns so the establishment of a religiously abiding HMB in Malaysia may be accepted without compromising their belief or the health benefit of donor milk.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-17,
title = {Ecosystem Approach for Dengue Prevention And Control In Kuantan, Pahang},
author = {Wan Rosmawati Wan Ismail and Abdul Muntaqim Abu Bakar and Roslaili Khairuddin and Mohd Rahim Sulong and Suzana Mohd Hashim and Nor Azimi Yunus and Husnina Ibrahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-17.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Dengue is endemic in Malaysia. Until now, no effective and sustainable dengue prevention and control measure have been found in combatting dengue. An ecosystem approach was introduced in Kuantan District in September 2020 following an epidemic surge of dengue. The ecosystem approach is a method for strategizing dengue prevention and control activities according to specific localities with multidisciplinary analysis and integrated vector management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of ecosystem approach implementation for dengue prevention and control in Kuantan District. 
Methods: Using an interrupted times series design with Quasi-Poisson Regression model, we evaluated the impact of ecosystem approach intervention from 1 January 2019 to 30 April 2022. The dengue incidence data were obtained from the routine National Surveillance System, edengue, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Results: A total of 4,116 dengue cases were notified from January 2019 until April 2022. The mean cumulative incidence before ecosystem approach was 31 per 100,000 population and 8 per 100 000 population after ecosystem approach with a decrease of 84.5% [relative risk (RR) 0.155; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.071,0.338. p=0.001]. 
Conclusion: A risk-based approach with well-coordinated interagency and community involvement in the ecosystem approach is an effective method for dengue prevention and control. Further action is needed in order to ensure the sustainability of this approach.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pahang State Health Office; Kuantan District Health Office},
keywords = {Dengue, ecosystem approach, prevention and control, risk-based approach},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-18,
title = {Effectiveness of a Brief Chest Compression-Only CPR Video on Knowledge of and Willingness to Perform Bystander CPR Among College Students in Malaysia},
author = {Sumitra Ropini Karuthan and Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud and Karuthan Chinna},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-18.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-5-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major public health concern with millions of people dying of sudden cardiac arrest every year. While many studies show that CPR undertaken prior to the arrival of EMS significantly increases survival rates, the frequency of bystander CPR performed by the public remains low. As such, the Basic Life Support algorithm has been simplified to chest compression-only CPR, which is easier to learn and perform compared to conventional CPR. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief video on improving the knowledge of and the willingness to perform Hands-only CPR among college students in Malaysia. This was the first study that was conducted in Malaysia using a video on Hands-only CPR as an intervention tool. 
Methods: A pre and post intervention study was carried out using a one-minute video on chest compression-only CPR as the intervention tool. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire at baseline and immediately post intervention among college students in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 26.0. Results: At baseline, knowledge on CPR was poor, as the average score was 9.41 ± 2.55 from a maximum score of 15. Less than half (46.3%) were willing to perform bystander CPR on a stranger, only 32.8% for victims of trauma, and 40.9% for elderly victims. More students were willing to deliver chest compression-only CPR on a family member in an emergency (65.9%). Among those who were unwilling to perform CPR, the main reason was due to poor knowledge or technique. The higher the knowledge score, the higher the willingness to perform bystander CPR on a stranger (aOR = 1.363, 95% CI 1.224, 1.519), a trauma victim, (aOR = 1.438, 95% CI 1.269, 1.629), an elderly person (aOR = 1.472 (1.305, 1.661), and a family member (aOR = 1.387, 95% CI 1.246, 1.543). Post intervention, there was a significant improvement in knowledge on CPR (p \< 0.001) and on willingness to perform chest compression-only CPR in all four scenarios (p \< 0.001). 
Conclusion: Overall knowledge level was inadequate and those with better knowledge were found to be more willing to perform chest compression-only CPR. A brief CPR video training resulted in improved knowledge and willingness to perform chest-compression only CPR among college students in Malaysia. This suggests that the dissemination of brief educational interventions could be beneficial as a long-term strategy to expand the CPR benefits to the wider community.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pusat Perubatan Univeristi Malaya; University Malaya; UCSI University},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-19,
title = {Elucidating pharmacists' perception towards the utilisation of Pharmacy Research Priority in conducting research in Malaysia},
author = {Nor Ilham 'Ainaa Muhsin and See Wan Ho and Noraini Nordin and Pui Lim Chan and Abdul Haniff Mohamad Yahaya},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-19.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Pharmacy Research Priority in Malaysia (PRPM) was launched by the Pharmaceutical Services Programme (PSP) in 2018. The objective of the document was to rationalise pharmacy research activities in generating relevant data and evidence to address national health problems in Malaysia. This study was aimed to explore the perceptions of MOH pharmacists in utilising this document while conducting their respective researches. 
Methods: Two online focus group discussion sessions were conducted among pharmacists who representing various discipline in Ministry of Health Malaysia. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcribed data and relevant themes and sub-themes were derived. 
Results: There were three thematic categories emerged which were (1) awareness of the PRPM document, (2) utilisation practice and motivation to refer to the PRPM document as well as (3) barriers affecting their utilisation practice. Overall, the document was perceived to be useful among MOH pharmacists to guide them while conducting their research activities. However, there were several barriers had been identified including exhaustive length of the document as well as partial understanding of its function on how to make use of it by the MOH pharmacists. The document was used as categorisation tool instead and most of the pharmacists did not refer to the PRPM document when conducting their research. We also managed to identify several recommendations from the participants to improve future uptake of PRPM document. This include utilisation of technological creative media platform that are more user-friendly and more engaging to the younger generation of pharmacists. 
Discussion: Although the document was perceived as beneficial by the MOH pharmacists, there were several barriers identified that hinders them from utilising it. This might be due to minimal promotional activities been carried out for the document. Nevertheless, further study should be conducted to further assess the uptake of this document by pharmacy researchers as a whole and various initiatives need to be taken to improve the PRPM utilisation to ensure all decisions pertaining national health issues in Malaysia are supported with scientific evidences.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pharmaceutical Services Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {document utilisation, focus group discussion, pharmacy, research priority, thematic analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-20,
title = {Engaging stakeholders virtually: digitalising HPSR collaboration},
author = {Nur Hidayati Abdul Halim and Kalvina Chelladorai and Nur Azmiah Zainuddin and Nurul Iman Jamalul-lail and Tan Yui Ping and Inin Roslyza Rusli and Kartikasari Syahidda Mohammad Zubairi and Devi Shantini Rata Mohan and Ainul Nadziha Mohd Hanafiah and Masrol Hafizal Ismail and Zulkarnain},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-20.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-2-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Traditionally, stakeholder engagement initiatives were performed face-to-face. However, an increasing number is conducted via virtual platforms, due to restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic where mass gatherings were not allowed. For a community engagement aimed to gather insights from stakeholders on the challenges and strategies in strengthening health policy and systems research (HPSR) capacity in Malaysia, digital technology/virtual workspaces were leveraged upon. This paper describes the experience of conducting a virtual stakeholder engagement. 
The virtual engagement: A virtual engagement session, was held on 27th May 2021. 30 stakeholders from various healthcare backgrounds were identified and invitations to the event were sent through emails. A Zoom meeting was set up, and the meeting link was made available to those who agreed to participate in the session. Google Jamboard, an interactive whiteboard was utilised as it allows participants to drop images and add notes while collaborating with other participants from anywhere. To further aid the discussion, the ""Rose, Bud and Thorn Framework"" was used to set the landscape as it helps to identify successes (rose), opportunities (bud), and challenges (thorn) to strengthen HPSR capacity in Malaysia. Templates of the framework were incorporated onto the Google Jamboard. Small group discussions were held using separate Zoom breakout rooms feature; with a corresponding Google Jamboard to work on. A practice meeting and test run with the moderators and facilitators were held prior to the event to address any potential connectivity and/or technological issues. The session begins with a welcome speech from the moderator, who set the stage for the ensuing discussion. Ground rules were quickly established and stakeholders were divided into 5 groups for discussion, ensuring a good mix of stakeholders from varying backgrounds. Apart from live audio communication, moderators and participants also utilized the Zoom Chat Box to communicate questions, suggestions, and challenges throughout the engagement session. Use of the Google Jamboard allowed participants to directly post their thoughts and suggestions related to the topic, and to arrange and rearrange them accordingly within the Framework as the session progressed. The breakout room sessions were time-limited, as set by the event's host, resulting in some group's discussions to be prematurely terminated when they were automatically redirected back into the main Zoom room. Throughout the engagement session, only a few of the participants experienced issues with accessing the session, poor audio and video quality, delays and lags during screen sharing, and missing parts of the meeting (due to being kicked out by the software or from freezes). 
Implications for policy and practice: Use of virtual platform, with digital discussion aids is a feasible option during a pandemic. Technology allows participants to submit questions/suggestions in real time and to brainstorm ideas; capturing and directing the energy, spontaneity, and free-flowing creativity as it happens, much like an in-person meeting. Use of interactive whiteboard allows for brainstorming and collaboration on a dynamic, expandable, digital canvas. It was also easier to capture memories and notes for future references through this digitalisation method.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {digitalisation, HPSR, stakeholder engagement},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-21,
title = {Enhancing High Quality Case-Based Surveillance as Elimination Strategy For Measles. Have we done enough?},
author = {Shahdattul Dewi Nur Khairitza Taib and Muhammad Nur Habibullah Malik Radzuan and Mohammad Faid Abd Rashid and Ammar Amsyar Abdul Haddi and Abdul Rahman Dashuki and Norjeehan Junadi},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-21.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Measles vaccination programme has been the cornerstone for control and prevention of measles. It provides long term immunity, interrupts the transmission of indigenous measles virus and has been successful in reducing measles-related disease and death worldwide. Two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) are 97% effective in preventing measles, qualifying MCV as one of the most effective vaccines ever developed. Measles vaccine coverage in Negeri Sembilan exceeding the 90-95% range for herd immunity for measles that supposed to be effective to eliminate measles. To prove that we are in the right tract to eliminate measles, high quality case-based surveillance of measles is critical. This study aims to evaluate the outcome of measles case-based surveillance in Negeri Sembilan. 
Methods: A cross sectional study of 5-year measles surveillance data for the period 2017-2021, was extracted from SM2 measles surveillance database for Negeri Sembilan. Laboratory-confirmed measles cases classified based on serology result and clinical criteria. Those recently received measles vaccine and fulfilled all the criteria for vaccine-associated measles (VAM) will be excluded. However, no genotyping was done. Viral isolation sent for those presented early within five days from rash onset. 
Results: Throughout the 5-year period, 1,293 cases notified as suspected measles in Negeri Sembilan. From all cases notified, 80 cases classified as lab-confirmed measles with positivity rate of 6.2%. 1,183 discarded as non-measles and 30 cases classified as VAM. Regarding vaccination status for lab-confirmed measles, 45 cases already vaccinated. 24 cases received their single dose vaccine within 3 months from infection, 14 cases just completed 2 doses of vaccination within 5 years and 7 cases completed 2 doses vaccine for more than 5 years. Unfortunately, multivariate analysis showed vaccination status is not a significant protective risk factor for lab-confirmed measles (2 doses vaccine: OR 0.306, 95% CI 0.033-2.812; 1 dose vaccine: OR 6.244, 95% CI 0.029-1342.34). These contradictory findings might be contributed by the possibility of false classification of cases. 
Discussion: Measles infection among those vaccinated is very unlikely since it conferred a long-lived immunity. The current practice in classifying measles based on serology should be revised. False positive results may occur in certain viral coinfections such as rubella, parvovirus B19, human herpes virus 6 and VAM. Measles case-based surveillance should be enhanced through integration of epidemiological and laboratory component. Positive cases must be verified using advanced testing such as genotyping or PCR test. Highly accurate testing is required to confirm the diagnosis, to determine the origin of the virus and to distinguish vaccine strains from wild-type measles virus. This is extremely important to determine our progress towards measles elimination through sensitive, complete and accurate definition of laboratory confirmed measles.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Port Dickson District Health Office; Negeri Sembilan State Health Department},
keywords = {lab-confirmed measles, positive measles serology, vaccine-associated measles},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-22,
title = {Epidemiological Trend of Dengue in Relation to COVID-19 Cases in Putrajaya from 2020 till 2022 and The Association between Dengue Cases with Locality Risk for Dengue Outbreak},
author = {Zuraidah Zaidun and Zainal Abidin Abu Bakar and Nurul Najiha Noor Azhar and Farhana Mohd Said and Nur Sofiani Diana Mohammed Yusof},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-22.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic in the world, many countries have reported a significant reduction in dengue cases between 2020 to 2021. COVID-19 pandemic has given impact on the trend of dengue in Putrajaya. The main objective of this study is to describe the trend of dengue cases from 2020 until the 20th epidemiology week (EW) in 2022, in relation to the COVID-19 cases and Movement Control Order (MCO). The secondary aim is to describe demographic details of dengue cases n Putrajaya and determine the association between dengue cases category with locality risk for Dengue outbreak. 
Methodology: Secondary data of registered cases was extracted from e-Dengue, and line listing of registered Covid-19 cases in Putrajaya were used and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. Dengue cases were categorized into sporadic or outbreak cases, depending on the epidemiology link. Residential localities that recorded 10 or more episodes of outbreaks were categorized as 'High Risk', while those with recorded less than 10 episodes were categorized as 'Low Risk'. Chi-square test was performed to examine the relationship between Dengue cases and locality risk for Dengue outbreak. 
Result and Discussion: The trend of dengue cases has dropped tremendously with 82.2% reduction between 2020 and 2021, from 652 to 116 cases, but the trend was expected to be increased in 2022 with a cumulative 52 cases until EW-20/2022. By comparison, the trend of COVID-19 cases had increased from a cumulative case of 298 in 2020 to 9,090 cases in 2021, and a total of 10,867 cases were registered until EW-20/2022. The highest number of COVID-19 cases reported was in EW-10/2022 with 1255 cases during the fourth phase recovery plan (PPP 4.0). This was perhaps related to relaxation of border-crossings in between states in Malaysia with more flexibility in economic and social activities. However, dengue cases showed a fluctuating trend since early 2022 and this was projected to increase as the public continues their daily activities in the new norm during the transition phase. Demographic detail of dengue cases from 2020 until EW-20/2022, showed majority of them were female (51.9%), and (32.4%) were government servant, with mean age 26.05 (SD: 15.46). The relationship between locality risk and status of case was significant, X²= 50.4 (df=1},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya},
keywords = {Covid-19, dengue outbreak, locality risk},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-23,
title = {Excess Mortality: For Deeper Understanding of Covid-19 Pandemic},
author = {Shubash Shander Ganapathy and Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail and Chan Yee Mang and Tan Lee Ann and Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin and Nazirah Alias and Khaw Wan Fei and Fathullah Iqbal Ab Rahim and Awatef Amer Nordin and Mohd Fadli Kharie and Ahmad Aqram},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-23.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-4-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has been an unprecedented health crisis of recent times. Excess mortality has been said to be a better indicator to measure the true burden of the pandemic. Excess mortality captures the deaths, for all causes, that have increased or been averted, due to the pandemic. The objective of this study was to determine the excess mortality due to the Covid-19 pandemic, by key characteristics, in Malaysia between 1st March 2020 to 31st December 2021. 
METHODS: Data is obtained from Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara, and the number of Covid-19 deaths from open-source data. Time series forecasting is used on historical data from March 2015 to March 2020, to determine the expected number of deaths during the pandemic, from March 2020 to December 2021. Prophet and ARIMA forecasting models were used to estimate the expected death, a hypothetical scenario if the pandemic did not happen and is compared with the actual death to determine the difference and excess mortality over the time period. Excess mortality was defined as the number of expected deaths minus the actual number of deaths recorded. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and weighted Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were used to assess the forecast accuracy. 
RESULTS: Malaysia recorded an excess mortality of 7,914 deaths from March 2020 to Dec 2021, a 2.4% increase in mortality compared to the expected number of deaths. Between March 2020 and June 2021, Malaysia recorded excess mortality of negative 19,099 deaths. Deaths had increased during the second half of 2021, during the delta wave of the pandemic in Malaysia. The excess mortality appears to be closely related to the number of Covid-19 deaths recorded. Analysis of the disaggregated data shows that most of the negative excess mortality was contributed by the reduction in deaths in health facilities, without an increase in deaths outside health facilities. Excess mortality was mainly contributed by those aged 60 years and above, and males. Those of Malay ethnicity contributed to a positive excess mortality, a total of 11,158 deaths, compared to Chinese ethnicity contributing to negative 4,054 deaths. 
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The low excess mortality is attributed to low Covid-19 deaths recorded in Malaysia, as seen in many other countries internationally. The results of this study are consistent with estimates released by World Health Organization (WHO) and The Economist. Excess mortality reported higher among the elderly is consistent with international studies. The excess mortality during the Delta wave could be due to mortality displacement, from the reduction of deaths seen during the early phase, and may be among individuals of high risk status. The reduced excess mortality among the Chinese population could be attributed due to the lower prevalence of NCDs and higher compliance to SOP during the pandemic. The overall low excess mortality in Malaysia indicates that Malaysia has managed the pandemic well, whereby the lockdown measures taken did not affect access to acute healthcare services.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institut Kesihatan Umum, Institut Kesihatan Negara; Sektor Biostatistik dan Data Repositori, Institut Kesihatan Negara; Institut Penyelidikan Sistem Kesihatan, Institut Kesihatan Negara; Pusat Infomatik Kesihatan, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-24,
title = {Face Validation of Problem-Solving Approach In Promoting A Healthy Lifestyle In The Community},
author = {Munira Mahmud and Nor Azwany Yaacob and Rohana Abdul Jalil and Nik Mohd Rizal Mohd Fakri and Nor Syuhada Farhanis Hashim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-24.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-5-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Prediabetes is the intermediate stage in the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and becoming alarm to the world. It can be reversed with early management eventhough it was unavoidable. Problem-solving skills provide a simple and cost-effective method for altering his or her cognitive behaviour and able to empower individuals to take responsibility for their decisions. Thus, this study was conducted to develop and validate applying the problem-solving approach in a lifestyle intervention. The main objective of this study was to encourage prediabetic individuals in the community to adopt a new healthy lifestyle by emphasising problem-solving techniques as the primary means of preventing diabetes in the long run. METHODS: The structured collective agreement between experienced and knowledgeable experts of relevant stakeholders was gathered systematically through extensive literature review and expert discussion. Then, content validity was conducted among the experts, followed by face validity from the community in Pasir Mas. The outcome of validation phase was measured quantitively by a validated questionnaire. This module was adjusted based on their feedback and reviews. 
RESULTS: A group of twenty participants had undergone the module. As a result, our problem-solving approach was found to be validated in promoting the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. 
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings shed light on the future implementation of innovative lifestyle intervention education in the community as early preventive measures for diabetes. Further assessment effectiveness and impact of this tool at the community level is fundamental for facing the challenges of the current pandemic.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia; Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia; Counselling Unit, Kota Bharu District Health Office, Kelantan},
keywords = {face validity, lifestyle, Malaysia, prediabetes, problem-solving},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-25,
title = {Factors Associated with COVID-19 Brought-In-Dead Cases in Kuala Muda District},
author = {Eliana Ahmad and Habshoh Hat and Hasniza Hasim and Nur Hasyimah Mat Saad and Shazana Rifham Abdullah and Nurul Anis Ramli and Nawal Izzati Aminudin and Shahizat Rosli and Suziana Redzuan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-25.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Kuala Muda District reported the first human-human transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia on 6thFebruary 2020. The peak of COVID-19 cases reported and the high number of deaths in Kuala Muda district occurred during Delta wave between May to September 2021. COVID-19 deaths reported also showed high number of brought-in-dead (BID) cases. We aimed to determine the prevalence of BID among COVID-19 deaths in Kuala Muda district, to compare the characteristics between inpatient deaths and BID cases and to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 BID cases. 
Methodology: We conducted a registry-based retrospective observational study of COVID-19 deaths notified to Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC) Kuala Muda District Health Office between January 2020 and June 2022. 921 deaths in Kuala Muda district notified to CPRC Kuala Muda district during these period were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of BID among COVID-19 deaths in Kuala Muda District were 18.2%. Among the Chinese, the proportions of BID were significantly higher compared to inpatient deaths. The proportions of cases who did symptomatic screening (50.3%) and screening following contact to positive cases (29.0%) among inpatient deaths were significantly higher compared to BID cases. 75% of all BID cases were tested positive in forensic department during BID investigation prior to post mortem. In the final regression model, three variables emerged as significant predictors for BID; age, presence of symptom(s) and vaccination status. Cases aged ranged between 51-60, 61-70 and above 70 years were 58%, 65% and 62% respectively less likely to be BID (Aged 51-60=AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.93, aged 61-70=AOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.78 and aged more than 70=AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17-0.78) compared to aged less than 30 years. Cases with symptoms were 64% less likely to be BID than those who did not complaint of any symptom (AOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.24-0.55). Cases who completed vaccination were 1.71 times more likely to be BID (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.15-2.55) than those who were unvaccinated. 
Conclusion: Age, presence of symptom(s) and vaccination status appear to be significantly associated with brought-in-dead cases among COVID-19 deaths in Kuala Muda district. Health education and health promotion on community empowerment that focuses on health seeking behaviour for prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and deaths in Kuala Muda district should be tailored according to age group and with the insistence on symptoms and continuous promotion on vaccination.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Kuala Muda, Sungai Petani, Kedah; Institut Penyelidikan Perubatan, Kuala Lumpur; Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Yan, Guar Chempedak, Kedah; Pejabat Kesihatan Padang Terap, Kuala Nerang, Kedah.},
keywords = {brought-in-dead, Covid-19, COVID-19 deaths, inpatient deaths, vaccination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-26,
title = {Factors Associated with the Total Average Number of Daily Steps Using KOSPEN@Activ Application Among Ministry of Health Staff 2018-2021},
author = {Khairul Hafidz Alkhair Khairul Amin and Prof Madya Dr. Hayati Kadir@Shahar and Lim Poh Ying and Feisul Idzwan Mustapha and Mohd Azahadi Omar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-26.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-6-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Physical inactivity is one of the modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Physical inactivity among Ministry of Health (MOH) staff is still worrisome, as it can reach up to 58% compared to the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019, in which only 25%. Therefore, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has initiated a programme called KOSPEN@Activ on 14thFebruary 2018 to increase staff physical activity for MOH staff. KOSPEN@Activ is a premium subscription of BookDoc Activ application that employs the gamification concept to track an individual's physical activity (step counts) with a reward component. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the total average number of daily steps taken by MOH staff. 
Method: This is a secondary data extracted from the BookDoc Activ database for the period September 2018 to September 2021. A list of data with unique identifiers was provided. The data provided were demographic information and daily step data captured by the apps when the user synced it with the apps. The sociodemographic data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The total average number of daily steps over a four-year was plotted in a time-series graph. Simple linear regression was used to calculate the factors associated with the total average number of daily steps, and multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors of the total average number of daily steps. Results: Although 135,947 staff downloaded the apps, only 78,553 (57.8%) used them. The remaining 57,394 (42.2%) downloaded the apps but did not sync them while walking. Females (73.3%) were the most active users (11.0). The median age was 38.0 (11.0). Sarawak and the support group have the most active users respectively with 11.4% and 75.0%, while the majority of active users were wearing wearables (83%). It has been revealed that 42.8% of male users never use the apps after downloading them. Users work in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) had the highest percentage of inactive users, up to 96.2%, while users work in Johor had the lowest (14.6%). The total average number of daily steps for active users from September 2018 to September 2021 was 4,064 steps. Users working in the East Region, Borneo Region, and South Region have 131.306 (p\<0.001), 105.805 (p\<0.001), and 84.765 (p = 0.004) more total average daily steps compared to users working in the North Region, and users working in the West Region have 79.362 (p = 0.004) steps less. 
Conclusion: The factors associated with total average daily steps are investigated in this study. The total average number of daily steps for MOH staff is still less than the recommended 5,000 steps per day. Only the state region is the predictor. More study is needed to determine what factors influence their motivation, such as the Air Pollution Index (API), cloud cover, rainfall volume, temperature, or is it due to an event initiated by the state itself to increase the steps. In the second part of this study, all of these factors will be analysed.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UPM Serdang; Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), UPM Serdang; Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya; National Institute of Health, Shah Alam},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-27,
title = {Foodborne Outbreak Associated with Bacillus Cereus in A Boarding School, Seremban District, Malaysia},
author = {Nur Nadiatul Asyikin Bujang and Nadiatul Ima Zulkifli and Syuaib Aiman Amir and Siti Aishah Abas and Sharina Mohd Shah and Khairul Hafidz Alkhair Khairul Amin and Veshny Ganesan1 and Nurul Fazilah Aziz and Muhamad Hazizi Muhamad Hasani and Nur Azieanie Zainuddin and Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil and Noor Khalili Mohd Ali and Mohamad Paid Yusof},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-27.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Foodborne diseases remain one of the rising global public health concerns. The identification of the causes and issues causing foodborne outbreaks will allow health officials and the government to develop strategies to revamp existing policies and strengthen food safety. Bacillus cereus is one of the commonest pathogens of food poisoning. However, it is not much reported due to its less severe symptoms and shorter duration of illness. This report aims to describe the epidemiology of cases, the causative agent, and the risk factor of the food poisoning outbreak that occurred in one boarding school in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan on November 20, 2021. 
Method: Epidemiological, environmental and laboratory investigations were performed. The cases were defined as any person with symptoms of abdominal pain, headache, vomiting or diarrhoea after consumption of food served by the school hostel canteen operator. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26. 
Results: Out of 597 students staying in the school hostels, 152 cases met the case definition of food poisoning with an attack rate of 25.5%. All cases were female with aged ranging from 13 to 17 years. The symptoms were abdominal pain (100%), nausea (97.4%), headache (88.2%), vomiting (78.3%) and diarrhoea (61.8%). A continuous common source was identified as the mode of transmission of the outbreak. The contaminated food that were identified were rice (odds ratio (OR):19.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.62, 147.01), nasi impit (rice cubes) (OR: 18.17, 95% CI: 4.31, 76.55) and vermicelli (OR:17.02, 95% CI: 4.03, 71.86). Bacillus cereus was the identified pathogen that was detected from hand swabs and a few kitchen equipments. Cross-contamination during food handling was the contributing factor to the outbreak. 
Conclusion: This foodborne outbreak at the boarding school was caused by Bacillus Cereus through cross-contamination. The outbreak highlights the importance of personal hygiene, especially hand hygiene and proper food handling. Food safety practices must be emphasised with frequent monitoring and training. It is also recommended for all food providers in schools or hostels to be registered as certified catering services to ensure better food safety and control measures.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Seremban District Health Office, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya; Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi Mara; Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia; Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Bacillus Cereus, boarding school, foodborne outbreak},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-28,
title = {Heat Stress Symptoms, Risk Factors for Heat-Related Illnesses, and Heat Strain Risk Among Municipal Workers in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah},
author = {Mei Ching Lim and Khamisah Awang Lukman and Nelbon Giloi and Mohammad Saffree Jeffree and Saihpudin @ Sahipudin Saupin and Zulkhairul Naim Sidek and Mohd Nazri Mohd Daud},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-28.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-6-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Heat-related illness and heat-mortality prevention measures have received more attention in recent years, especially as the high ambient temperature is projected to continue as a result of global warming. Outdoor workers are the most vulnerable to heat stress and are more prone to accidental occupational injuries which can lead to loss of productivity and economic encumbrance. This study aims to identify the heat stress symptoms, risk factors for heat-related illnesses, and heat strain risk among municipal workers in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. 
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the municipal workers under the Kota Kinabalu City Council. The participants, who included the sweepers, rubbish collectors, and enforcement officers were recruited via simple random sampling. Workers who were exposed to heat during their eight-hour shift were included while workers with underlying heart disease, autoimmune disorders, and on long-term medications were excluded. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires which included personal characteristics, medical, and work information. Heat Strain Score Index was used to determine the heat strain risk. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.28 f. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained prior to the study. Results: A total of 301 municipal workers participated in the study but eight questionnaires were excluded due to incompleteness. Out of 293 data analyzed, majority (72.4%) were male workers, age group less than 40 years old (52.9%), 89.4% had at least education up to lower secondary, 64.5% earned less than RM2000 monthly, 76.1% were either overweight or obese, 35.5% were current smokers, 25.6% consumed alcohol and 18.1% of the workers were with underlying co-morbids. 54.3% were exposed to more than 4hours in hot environment per shift. 40% of the workers had worked for more than 10 years in the current job tasks. 76.1% of the workers reported at least one symptom of heat stress with the highest being muscle ache (49.5%), followed by mild headache (43.7%), weakness (40.3%), dizziness (21.8%), and red acne appearance (8.2%) and lower concentration (3.4%). Heat strain risk based on HSSI revealed that 39.6% of the workers had potential risk of heat-induced illnesses and 19.8% were very likely to have heat-induced illnesses if no control or preventive measures are taken. Significant risk factors included female workers (?2= 17.87,p\<0.001) and workers who were either single, divorced, or widowed (?2= 8.87},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia; Centre for Occupational Safety \& Health, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Family Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia},
keywords = {Administrative and personal preventive measures; Heat-related illnesses; Heat Strain Score Index; Heat stress symptoms; Municipal workers},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-29,
title = {Implementing the Johor Industrial Preparedness Plan (JIPP) in an industrial outbreak: a pilot project-July, 2021},
author = {Jeyanthini Sathasivam and Syafiq Taib and Suriya Kumareswaran and Rosila Yahaya and Firdaus Ashraf Mahzan and Mohamad Farid Hassan and Shaharom Norazian Che Mat Din},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-29.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: One of the greatest challenges faced during Covid-19 pandemic was prolonged business shut down and controlling outbreaks involving industries. Efforts to curb clusters in an organization are highly dependent on early detection and isolation of cases and ensuring risk reduction measures for transmission are in place at all times. On the 19th of July 2021, Tangkak District Health Office reported a large cluster with 13 fatalities involving a factory which provided the opportunity to pilot the Johor Industrial Preparedness Plan (JIPP) framework to contain the outbreak and to implement a sustainable preventive and control measure in that setting. 
Methods: The factory was shut and decontaminated immediately to conduct a risk assessment and plan return to work procedures. All cases and controls were managed as per the national guidelines. Stakeholders were engaged to facilitate the implementation of the Johor Industrial Preparedness Plan (JIPP) framework. The framework focused on improving the organizational preparedness and response during and outbreak, implementing a continuous cycle of risk identification and management. Efforts were focused on reengineering work spaces to ensure physical distancing and adequate ventilation. Focus on redesigning work processes to ensure policies were in place to reduce the risk of introducing infection and preventing transmission at the workplace. The importance of personal protective equipment and thorough hygiene and sanitation were re-enforced. Targeted risk communication efforts and up-scaling the vaccination coverage was done. All employees were tested as a part of return to work measure to ensure an infection free premise. Results: The month-long outbreak reported 226 cases and 13 deaths. Majority of the cases (n= 61, 67.8%) that were reported after the risk reduction measures taken were those under quarantine. Return to work screening and testing prevented 32.2% of the remaining cases from entering the workplace. First dose vaccination coverage was 99.8% (n=4048); which was achieved prior to return to work. A follow-up of the factory post JIPP implementation showed that only a total of 11 cases were reported over three months after the outbreak ended; of which five were family close contacts, four sporadic cases and only two workplace contacts allowing business to continue as usual. No new fatalities were reported since then. 
Conclusion: The application of the JIPP framework was promising in this industrial outbreak. Empowering the employers and stakeholders with adequate knowledge and skill on early case detection and isolation techniques, targeted risk reduction measures and up scaling vaccination coverage were sustainable measures to ensure a safe working environment. The success of this program is highly dependent on the stakeholder commitment and a continuous monitoring and evaluation cycle within the organization.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Division, Johor State Health Department; Tangkak District Health Office, Johor State Health Department},
keywords = {Covid-19, Industry, preparedness, risk assessment, safe workplace},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-30,
title = {Inculcating a Safety Culture in Blood Transfusion Laboratories},
author = {Fairuz Nadiah Nordin and Noraziani Khamis and Sunita A/P S. Shanmugam and Muhammad Nur Amir Abdul Rassip and Nor Hanizah Abdul Gapal and Idaleswati Nor Mohamed and Nang Pah Nik Ibrahim and Noryati Abu Amin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-30.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-5-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Patient safety culture (PSC) is the extent to which an organization's culture supports and promotes patient safety. Medical Laboratory Technologists (MLTs) are not exempt from patient safety even though they do not interact with patients on the daily basis. It is especially pertinent that MLTs who are involved in the transfusion medicine service be appraised, as patients are at risk of adverse transfusion reactions and infection transmission from unsafe transfusion practices. 
METHODS: This cross-sectional study design utilized the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, administered online, and ran from October to November 2020. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the mean differences between respondents ' sociodemographic characteristics and the PSC composites; and Pearson's correlation, to assess the relationship among PSC composite scores. Multiple linear regression was used to predict the overall perception of PSC. RESULTS: There were 454 eligible responses. 'Non-punitive response to error ' and'staffing ' were composites needing improvement with low percent positive response rate (24.0% and 29.2% respectively), whereas 'Organizational learning ' (83.7%),'supervisor/manager expectations ' (80.7%), 'Teamwork within units ' (77.9%), 'Feedback and communication about error ' (76.2%) are among the areas of strength. The respondents ' type of hospital had a statistically significant difference in the overall perception of patient safety composite score (p=0.02). There was a significant difference in 'Non-punitive response to error ' composite score between MLTs who are in cross-matching laboratories (M=7.5},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Management, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia; National Blood Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Blood bank, Medical Laboratory Technologists, Patient safety culture, Transfusion Medicine Service},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-31,
title = {Influenza Vaccination: Reducing Absenteeism and Presenteeism at Workplace-a case study in a private hospital},
author = {Mohd Ab Hadi Hairan @ Tohiar and Safurah Jaafar and Tan Kok Leong and Azimatun Noor Aizuddin and Azrin Syahida Abd Rahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-31.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background:Influenza infection at the workplace poses an economic burden where it implicates the financial loss to the employer direct and indirectly. In the workforce, indirect financial loss is measured by a reduction in productivity due to absenteeism (sick day leaves) or presenteeism (ill but still working), contributing to the total cost burden. Influenza vaccination has shown promising benefits in reducing absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace, with subsequent gains in reducing the employer's economic burden. 
Objective: This study aimed to measure the absenteeism rate due to influenza-like illness (ILI) among influenza-vaccinated and non-vaccinated employees and the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in reducing absenteeism due to ILI. It compared the rate of high-performance scores between the presenteeism cohort in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups due to ILI. 
Design: A cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted among the study respondents drawn from a representative sample of clinical and non-clinical departments in a private hospital in 2018-2019. The selections include employees who have not been vaccinated and those voluntarily vaccinated. 
Method: The rate of ILI was calculated by comparing the incidence of ILI among vaccinated and non-vaccinated respondents based on symptoms reported during the period of at least more than two weeks after vaccination for those vaccinated. The absenteeism rate was calculated by measuring the total numbers of reported sick leave due to ILI in both groups. In contrast, the performance score among the presenteeism cohort was measured by using a ranking performance scale 1 - 10 (poor to excellence) which was later subdivided into poor performance (1-3), moderate performance (4-6), and good performance (7-10). Vaccine effectiveness was then measured by calculating the percentage reduction in reported sick leaves due to ILI in the vaccinated group compared to the non-vaccinated group. Results: The study found that the proportion of vaccinated versus non-vaccinated groups was 63.0% (n=265) and 37.0% (n=156) respectively from 421 respondents. The overall rate of ILI in the study group was 28%. From this proportion, the vaccinated group showed better health performance with a lesser rate of ILI by 0.6 times. The total rate of absenteeism due to ILI was 14.2%. However, when comparing the vaccinated with the non-vaccinated, there was lesser absenteeism by 0.43 times with 3.9 times respectively, of lesser days loss. The mean days lost to ILI by those vaccinated was 2.33 ± 1.847 days, versus 3.905 ± 1.358 days among the non-vaccinated group. Presenteeism was also common in this study sample, with 49.2% presenting at the workplace despite having ILI symptoms. Using the performance score of 1-10 among the presenteeism cohort, the vaccinated group performed twice better than the non-vaccinated. In this study, influenza vaccination has the potential to reduce absenteeism by 84.8% vaccine effectiveness. 
Conclusion: Implementing an influenza vaccination program in the workplace would reduce the burden of ILI financially and indirectly improve the productivity of an institution. It has a significant impact on reducing absenteeism and or presenteeism performance.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: International Medical University; University Kebangsaan Malaysia},
keywords = {absenteeism, Influenza Like Illness, influenza vaccination, presenteeism, workplace},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-47,
title = {Safety Of UHT Milk Along Supply Chain in Sabah, Malaysia},
author = {Jeyaletchumi Ponniah and Christina Rundi and Norlida bt.Darus and Chang Shui Han and Nurhaida Abdul Malek and Chennie Sheila Wong},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-47.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-1-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {The School Milk Programme in Malaysia which supplies chocolate-flavoured UHT milk to school children encountered some problems due to microbiological contamination and was temporarily suspended for a few years. When the programme was resumed, the Food Safety and Quality Division of the Sabah State Health Department carried out a study along the food chain in an effort to pinpoint weaknesses along the supply chain. The objective of this paper is to elaborate on the findings of the study and the remedial actions taken. The method of study was through sampling along the food chain and inspection of premises which was carried out by Food Technologists and Environmental Health Officers using standard protocol. Microbiological analysis was also carried out at the Sandakan Food Safety and Quality Laboratory as well as the Kota Kinabalu Public Health Laboratory using accredited methods. Investigations revealed that there were weaknesses along the supply chain wherein microbial contraventions could be detected in raw milk from Milk Collecting Centres as well as in UHT milk from the processing factory, warehouses and storeroom at schools. The Veterinary services and Animal Industry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Safety and Quality Division of the Sabah State Health Department cooperated to carry out improvements along the supply chain including improving the infrastructure of Milk Collecting Centres to improve the quality of raw milk supplied, and enhanced monitoring at the processing factory. The Food Safety and Quality Division prepared guidelines and disseminated them to all stakeholders. Monitoring was also heightened at warehouses and school storerooms. Consequently there was a significant reduction in the number of food poisoning episodes suspected to be due to consumption of chocolate flavoured UHT milk in Sabah from 16 episodes in 2013 to 2 episodes in 2017.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Sabah},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-33,
title = {Japanese Encephalitis: Distribution and Clinical Profile in Kedah State, Malaysia},
author = {Joash LT and LL Low and A Shauqi and WL Tan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-33.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a flavivirus, namely Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) whereby it was transmitted by mosquito vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus . This study aims to study the distribution of JE by geography and timeline from 2012 to 2021 as well as reviewing the clinical profile of all JE cases captured. 
Methods: JE is a notifiable infectious disease in Malaysia whereby notification within 24 hours of the result release is compulsory. Secondary data on JE were analysed from the Vekpro Online database used to capture all of the confirmed JE cases. Case definition is laboratory confirmation via a positive JE IgM serology or JE virus PCR from blood sera or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There were 35 JE cases in Kedah state from 2012 to 2021 (10 years). SPSS were used to analyse the demographic characteristics and its clinical profile while geographical mapping was done using Google Earth. 
Results: There were 35 JE cases identified from 2012 till 2021, with average of 1 to 2 cases per annum from 2012 to 2017. However, the cases increased exponentially to 12 cases in 2021. The median age was 11 years old, with the majority were 20 years-old and less (24/35, 68.5%). Demographically, there was male preponderance (23/35, 65.7%) and majorly were of Malay ethnicity (33/35, 94.3%). The commonest symptoms were fever (35/35, 100%) followed by headache (24/35, 68.6%), lethargy (13/35, 37.1%), altered behaviours (8/35, 22.9%) and symptoms of meningism (4/35, 11.4%). Of these 35 cases, there were 5 mortality (15.1%), 8 survived with post infection neurological deficiency (22.6%) and the remaining 22 had full recovery with no sequelae (62.9%). However, 2 patients had missing data on the disease outcome. By geographical distribution, JE was mostly reported in the district of Kota Setar (9/35, 25.7%) and Kuala Muda (9/35, 25.7%) while the rest of districts reported 3 cases or less. By annual timeline, 7 cases were reported in July and November respectively, followed by 4 cases in June and August while the rest of the months reported 3 cases and less. 
Discussions : WHO data showed 75.0% of JE cases are children who are 0 to 14 years-old which is comparable to our finding. In addition, male preponderance was also reported from WHO data (1.53: 1) as compared to our study (1.92: 1). By clinical presentations, our findings were mainly conforming with the classical manifestation of JE cases reported. As for the disease outcome, case fatality rate could be as high as 30.0% in some Asia countries while our case fatality rate over 10-year duration was 15.1%. In conclusion, the demographic and clinical profiles of JE cases in Kedah state are conforming to the global findings while the JE cases were more frequently reported in the highly populous district of the state. This study provides an important insight of JE cases in Kedah state, Malaysia.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Kedah State Health Department},
keywords = {Japanese Encephalitis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-46,
title = {Refining Physical Training Program to Boost Functional Fitness in Female Firefighter Recruits.},
author = {Rosnah Ismail and Noor Dalila Inchi Zainal Abidin and Nor Hisham Mohammad and Abdul Khair Osman and Ismail Abdul Ghani and Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-46.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Physical training program conducted in the fire academy is able to optimize recruits ' functional fitness as early as eight weeks of recruitment. However, female recruits are generally compromised in upper body strength and aerobic capacity. A hasten solution was sought to refine the existing physical training to boost functional fitness in female recruits. 
Method: An extended Nominal Group Technic (eNGT) was conducted using the semi-structured protocol to design a weekly program of physical training. The session is an extension to the findings of the previous three series of modified Nominal Group Technic about exercises needed for targeted muscle groups. The participants of the eNGT consisted of five physical training instructors (PTIs) at Fire Rescue Academy Malaysia (East Region). The participants were required to 1) determine the number of days per week to exercise to optimize firefighter recruits ' performance, 2) plan for the frequency of core strength, cardiovascular capacity exercises, flexibility training, and functional strength (upper, lower, and total body), and 3) design exercises for the day after considering all other training modules in the curriculum. The participants were instructed to plan dynamic stretching during warm-up and static stretching during cooling-down at the beginning and end of the active session, respectively. 
Results: The participants were dominated by male instructors (60%). They had an average experience of 11.8 ±4.1 years in physical training. They had collectively agreed to a 6-day weekly program to boost functional fitness in firefighter recruits. The 6-day weekly program consisted of core strength training 2 times per week, cardiovascular capacity exercises 4 times per week, flexibility training 2 times per week, upper body 2 times per week, and lower and total body once per week. Each functional strength exercise was further designed with progression and regression mode by adjusting the level of full gear and/or 5 kg medicine ball. The 6-day weekly program started with a long slow distance at a pace of 6-8 min/km for 45 min on day 1 of exercise. The program ended with total body strength exercise, sports massage, and partner stretching on day 6. 
Discussion: The exercise regime of the 6-day weekly program incorporates and balances all areas of the eight functional fitness and active recovery in between training sessions to prevent injury and failure to perform. Active recovery is uniquely executed at each training session i.e. repeat strength training on the same muscle groups after 48 hours and post-workout cooldown. Day 7 is the rest day for passive recovery to allow muscle repairs, aiding in muscle growth and strength. Although execution and monitoring of the exercise regime are crucial, the success of boosting functional fitness solely depends on recruits ' self-motivation, and their inner force and readiness to do it.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM; Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia; Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia; Fire and Rescue Academy Malaysia Eastern Regional, Marang Terengganu; Malaysia Community Development and Planning Association},
keywords = {Firefighter, functional fitness, Nominal Group Technique, physical training, weekly program},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-45,
title = {Rainy Days and How They Bring Friends: A Relationship Of OVITRAP Index and Weather Variables at A Point of Entry of Federal Territory of Labuan},
author = {Norsyarizan Jamil and Nur Azyyati Amalina Amran and Ismuni Bohari and Mohd Zaki Ab Hamid},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-45.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-6-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction Ovitrap surveillance is a monitoring tool to measure the abundance of Aedes mosquitoes. This method is suitable as a long term surveillance to provide information about population dynamics and the spatiotemporal distribution of mosquito vectors for improving dengue prevention and control programs. The study was conducted to assess the abundance of dengue vector and its relationship with weather variables at the international Point of Entry (POE), where the study locality exposed the continuous threat of the vector borne-diseases and spread of vectors. Consequently, this study can create a baseline data for a more comprehensive dengue control program by using a ovitrap as a monitoring tool. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2020 at the Labuan International Ferry Terminal and up to 200 metres perimeter around them. A minimum of 25 ovitraps were randomly placed continuously for a maximum of 7 days in the field. Ovitrap index was calculated by a percentage of positive ovitrap over a total of ovitrap installed. Monthly humidity level, monthly rainfall and the monthly minimum and maximum temperature were obtained from the Department of Meteorology, Labuan.The relationship between ovitrap index and each of weather variables were then subjected to spearman correlation coefficient by using SPSS statistical packages. Results Out of 2913 ovitrap deployed from January 2019 to July 2020, 636 (21.83%) ovitraps were identified positive with Aedes larvae. Ovitrap index was recorded highest in November 2019 with a percentage of 56.07% and a mean of 24.05%. A rainfall amount showed the highest amount in December 2019 which was 660.8 mm with a mean of 694.0 mm in a current study.A percentage of humidity showed the highest amount in July 2020 with 87.3% with a mean of 81.09%, meanwhile the mean maximum temperature was 31.66°C and for minimum temperature was 25.23°C. The data analyses showed a significant positive correlation between the ovitrap index and the rainfall (r=0.78},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-44,
title = {Psychosocial Factors and Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Providers: The Moderating Role of Teleprimary Care-Oral Health Clinical Information System (TPC-OHCIS)},
author = {Ariff Azfarahim Ibrahim and Rosnah Ismail and Aniza Ismail and Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-44.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Teleprimary Care-Oral Health Clinical Information System (TPC-OHCIS) is an updated electronic medical record (EMR) used in public primary healthcare. The system is expected to reduce job demands in healthcare settings, which work as a work support tool in organizational resources. Thus, we aim to compare job satisfaction levels among healthcare providers between primary care with and without TPC-OHCIS. Secondly, to test the hypothesis of TPC-OHCIS as a moderator between perceived exposure to psychosocial factors-job satisfaction relationship. 
Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental design conducted among healthcare providers in 14 public primary healthcare facilities in the Seremban district of Malaysia from June to July 2021. The ratio of respondents between the intervention and control groups is almost 1:1. Psychosocial risk factors were assessed using the medium version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire ¢ (COPSOQ- ¢), consisting of 17 variables. All data were analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The hierarchical regression analysis was applied to examine the moderation effects of TPC-OHCIS and the psychosocial factors-job satisfaction relationship. All independent, moderator and control variables were Z-standardization prior to regression analysis. The interaction terms were created between each independent variable and the moderator. We plotted all significant interactions at ""high"" and ""low"" values of the predictor and moderator and assessed the significance of the slope. Results: A total of 303 healthcare providers consented to participate in this study. The respondents were distributed almost equally into two groups, 147 (48.5%) respondents from the primary healthcare with TPC-OHCIS and 156 (51.5%) respondents from the primary healthcare without TPC-OHCIS. This study showed that only two out of 17 variables of psychosocial factors had significant differences due to the implementation of TPC-OHCIS. The results indicated that work pace was substantially higher in primary healthcare with TPC-OHCIS with a mean score of 69.64 vs 63.70 (p\<0.005), and influence at work was significantly lower in primary healthcare with TPC-OHCIS with a mean score of 47.49 vs 52.33 (p\<0.05). Moderation analysis demonstrated that TPC-OHCIS moderated the meaning of work-job satisfaction relationship (\^{I}²=1.877},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Community Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, UKM},
keywords = {EMR, job satisfaction, Psychosocial factors, TPC-OHCIS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-43,
title = {Proving a Concept: Community Based Disaster Risk Management Program Emphasizing on Chemical Hazards In Johor Bahru},
author = {Haidar Rizal Toha and Nurazimah Mohd Aris and Loganathan Selvaraji and Mohd Faiz Ibrahim and Suriya Kumareswaran and Jeyanthini Sathasivam and Shaharom Nor Azian Che Mat Din},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-43.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Adequate preparation and empowerment of a community during the preparedness phase of a chemical incident disaster can reduce the magnitude of injury and loss of life. Previous occurrence of natural disasters and chemical incidents showed that populations who have high dependence on government agencies for assistance, prolong the disaster response time. Johor State Department of Health initiated a community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) programme, emphasizing on chemical disaster to examine the feasibility of a district health office to facilitate similar exercises. 
Method: A village adjacent to a chemical industrial site in the district of Johor Bahru was selected. Guidance and engagement from experts were sought to develop the program content. The process of analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation in the disaster risk management step were applied during the workshop sessions. Stake holders such as community leaders, industrial players, local authorities and relevant government agencies were involved in these sessions. 
Result: Activities that were conducted were town-watching, disaster grab bag development and community cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Town-watching workshop outcomes were hazard mapping by the community, safe areas for regrouping, local communication methods and escape route documentation. Standardized list of disaster grab bag content items were created via consensus which covered a range of themes which include food supplies, survival and safety gear, , security equipments, items for personal hygiene and human comfort unique to the villagers ' needs. 
Discussion: This proof of concept project illustrates how a CBDRM approach worked with stakeholder's participation to enhance disaster preparedness in a local community. The key for a successful CBDRM program lies in creating awareness of the hazards and maintain momentum for good practices at the community level. An all hazards approach has to be considered, to address vulnerabilities in a community and suggests ways to manage them. As a way forward, there is a need to incorporate CBDRM approaches into state and national disaster planning policies. However, an overriding challenge remains in safeguarding ongoing funding and support from local governments.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Johor Bahru District Health Office; Public Health Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine \& Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Public Health Division, Johor State Department of Health},
keywords = {CBDRM, chemical incident},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-42,
title = {Predictors of Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents for COVID-19 Children's Vaccination Program in Pahang, Malaysia},
author = {Raja Nurul Najwa Raja Ismail and Ismawati Ishak and Yantie Shahida Abdul Manan and Nor Ayuni Ab Rahman and Hawa Bee Ibrahim and Siti Sarah Mat Rusdi and Aznita Iryany Mohd Noor and Nur Hazreen Mohd Hasni and Shoba Anusia Devi Selvadurai and Che Ku Bazilah Che Ku Mat and Ahmad Zahid Aziz and Husnina Ibrahim and Nor Azimi Yunus},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-42.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Throughout history, vaccination has been proven to minimize the catastrophic effect of many communicable diseases around the globe. Unfortunately, it is observed that since the national vaccination program named Program Immunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan (PICK) was widened to include children aged 5 to 11 years old as recipients in Malaysia, vaccine hesitancy among parents regarding the COVID-19 children vaccination program has contributed significantly to the low uptake of the vaccine among this target group in this country as well as in the Pahang state. By adopting the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study objectively determined predictors of vaccine hesitancy among parents for COVID-19 children's vaccination program, also known as PICKids in the Pahang state, Malaysia. Method: Conducted as an online survey in February 2022, 1243 respondents were randomly sampled from a total of 14,594 responses. Data collection was done using a reliable and validated questionnaire distributed via Google form. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 and the significance level was set at a p -value of lesser than 0.05. Results: Most respondents are Malays (83.1%), female (72.8%), and aged between 30 to 39 years old (46.7%). Overall, vaccine hesitancy among parents towards PICKids in the Pahang state was slightly above the average at the mean score of 2.42 ± 1.27. The final model showed that the age group of 30 to 39 years old (\^{I}² = 0.109},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Pahang},
keywords = {children vaccination, COVID-19 vaccine, Malaysia, vaccination program, vaccine hesitancy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-41,
title = {Norovirus and Rotavirus Outbreak in Kuantan District: Does COVID-19 Control Measures Help in Controlling the Outbreak?},
author = {Roslaili Khairudin and Wan Rosmawati Wan Ismail and Mohd Salleh Ibrahim and Mohamad Aizzaq Fauzi and Mohd Rahim Sulong and Nor Azimi Yunus and Husnina Ibrahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-41.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-4-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Norovirus and Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally across age groups, causing an estimated 18% of all diarrheal disease cases worldwide. This viral gastroenteritis can be transmitted in varied ways, primarily from the faecal-oral route, person-to-person contact and secondarily via ingestion of aerosolized viral particles in vomitus, food and water. Hence, social distancing, hand hygiene and mask-wearing might have inadvertently controlled the spread of the infection. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, these control measures were strictly implemented which led to social and individual behaviour changes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 control measures in controlling the Norovirus and Rotavirus outbreak in the Kuantan District. 
Methods: Data and reports on Norovirus and Rotavirus outbreaks from January 2022 to May 2022 were analyzed and reviewed. 
Results: A total of four outbreaks, two Rotavirus outbreaks and two Norovirus outbreaks occurred during the epidemiological week one (EW 1), three (EW 3), four (EW 4) and six (EW 6). These outbreaks involved children's home, kindergartens and individual houses. About 114 cases age range between 3 months and 40 years old were infected during the outbreak. Despite the COVID-19 control measures being a part of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for all institutions yet, there is still an outbreak occurred. The investigation found that a lack of awareness and breach of the SOP contributed to this outbreak. Risk assessment was done for every outbreak showing that the spread of the diseases occurred due to poor hand hygiene, lack of environmental disinfection and poor social distancing. The COVID-19 control measures were used in managing these outbreaks. It emphasized: (1) immediate isolation of all symptomatic individuals who experiencing diarrhea and/or nausea and/or vomiting, (2) frequent hand hygiene, (3) wearing masks, especially in the close area like kindergarten, (4) limit the movement of the children caretaker or handler by creating a cohort so that the infection confines to one group of people only, and (5) frequent environmental disinfection using the correct methods, mainly in the nurseries setting as well as home. The outbreaks were monitored closely for 10 days from the date of outbreak declaration. No new case was reported for all Norovirus and Rotavirus outbreaks. 
Conclusion: In conclusion, implementing the control measures for COVID-19 in managing the Norovirus and Rotavirus outbreak helps to prevent the infection and transmission of the diseases. However, we cannot exclude that there is a natural self-limiting Norovirus and Rotavirus, independent of COVID-19 control measures.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuantan District Health Office, Pahang, Malaysia; Pahang State Health Office, Kuantan, Pahang.},
keywords = {control measures, Covid-19, Kuantan District, Norovirus, Rotavirus},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-40,
title = {No One Left Out: A Case Study of Scabies Outbreak Involving Vulnerable Group At a Welfare Home in Batang Padang District, Perak, Malaysia},
author = {Ahmad Akmal Ahmad Nizam and Nadrah Arfizah Arifin and Maslinda Zainuddin and Rajesvary Sanmugam and Zuraidah Abu and Raja Mohd Azim Raja Harun},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-40.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Scabies is a known parasitic skin infection that causes significant public health burden in dormitory settings due to potential fast spread among the same residential contacts. While most infectious diseases were much less reported during the two years pandemic duration from early 2020 to end of year 2021, there was an incidence of a scabies outbreak involving a welfare home at Bidor in Batang Padang district. This case study aims to describe the outbreak investigation and response, with the risk factors for the outbreak happened in this setting. 
Methods: A field investigation was carried out in December 2021 following the notification of one case of suspected Norwegian scabies from the welfare home, a form of severe scabies that possibly infected people with immunocompromised health status. The methods included conducting a prompt active case detection, environmental assessment and entomological investigation including clinical and environmental sample analysis. All data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS Software v.26 for both descriptive and exploratory analysis. The outcomes were further communicated with respective authorities for further actions. 
Results: Among the total of 65 residents of adult age groups (mean age 55.2 years with SD 14.1) with mostly deprived sociodemographic background at the welfare home, there were 34 residents infected with scabies with an attack rate of 52.3%. Although male residents were more than female, however 90% female residents were significantly infected (OR: 8.21, 95% CI: 2.07,32.53) compared to its counterpart. At least two-thirds of the residents have at least one co-morbidity. The findings were related significantly to their room allocation, in which the index case was placed in the similar room with the other 13 female cases (OR:18.57, 95% CI: 2.25, 153.03). Other cases were infected through contacts during common activities. The indoor air quality was compromised due to ongoing renovation of the facility at that time, causing overcrowded spaces. Clinical and environmental samples confirmed the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei , hence confirming the plausibility of the epidemiology triad of scabies outbreak at the welfare home. The outbreak lasted for five weeks due to the index case with Norwegian scabies took the longest duration to heal despite extensive clinical case management and environmental control involving multiple agencies. 
Conclusion: The incident of scabies outbreak involving vulnerable people should not be taken lightly even though scabies is always thought to be an ""easy"" skin infection to treat. In the case of people with deprived sociodemographic background such as history of vagabond or being abandoned with multiple comorbidity, the ""simple scabies"" would become extensive enough to cause large institutional outbreak, hence the need to strengthen health services to reach them is needed.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Batang Padang District Health Office, Tapah, Perak, Malaysia},
keywords = {Norwegian scabies, outbreak control, vulnerable people, welfare home},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-39,
title = {Multiple Non-Communicable Diseases-Prevalence and Patterns of Healthcare Utilisation from the 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey},
author = {Awatef Amer Nordin and Suhana Jawahir and Iqbal Ab Rahim and Adilius Manual and Jabrullah Ab Hamid and Sarah Nurain Mohd Noh and Nur Elina Abdul Mutalib},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-39.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-6-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Rise in ageing population and its implications raise concerns of pre-old and middle-aged adults ' health status. NHMS 2019 showed notable prevalence of known diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia among adults aged 40-44, with these figures quadrupling among the oldest age group. With NCDs presenting prior to older age, living with complications longer and developing poor health status earlier can be inevitable. Moreover, ""multimorbidity"", the presence of ?2 NCDs simultaneously, is common for older adults; nevertheless, its prevalence among middle-aged and pre-old is less widely known. This analysis seeks to elucidate the status of multimorbidity of adults aged ?40 to understand its trends across the age spectrum and their patterns of healthcare utilisation. Methods: Secondary data analysis on all adults aged ?40 from the 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey Healthcare Demand (NHMS HCD) module was conducted. Adults aged ?40 years (n=6691) were included to depict the age spectrum of middle-age (40-49), pre-old (50-59) and older adults (young-old for 60-69, middle-old for 70-79, old-old for age ?80). Multimorbidity comprised 3 conditions: diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Healthcare services comprised outpatient, inpatient, community pharmacy and domiciliary care. Analysis was conducted using STATA 14 and sampling weight applied. 
Results: Prevalence of NCDs multimorbidity increased with age; prevalence of 9.7% (95%CI 8.04-11.76) among middle-aged adults doubled among pre-old adults (23.9%, 95%CI 21.30-26.68), and was at least four-fold in older adults (36.4%, 95%CI 33.05-39.93; 47.2%, 95%CI 41.33-53.19; 40.9%, 95%CI 32.51-49.95; for young-old, middle-old and old-old adults, respectively). When assessed by degree of multimorbidity (3 co-existing NCDs), prevalence was highest in the middle-old group (21.5%, 95%CI 15.92-27.10). In terms of healthcare utilisation, the most frequent users of inpatient, outpatient and domiciliary care were young-old adults (37.1%, 95%CI 27.67-47.73; 30.6%, 95%CI 23.94-38.25; 37.6%, 95%CI 18.28-61.78; respectively). Community pharmacy utilisation was highest by the pre-old (37.3%, 95%CI 27.24-48.49), whereas for domiciliary care, middle-aged adults comprised more than a quarter of the adults who utilised the services (27.5%, 95%CI 9.3-58.37). Use of services were lowest by the old-old adults for inpatient, outpatient and community pharmacy (3.2%, 95%CI 1.32-7.39; 5.3%, 95%CI 2.73-9.87; 1.6%, 95%CI 0.56-4.44; respectively). A consistent pattern of utilising the public sector for inpatient and outpatient services was noted for multimorbid adults across all age groups. 
Discussion: The findings denote that NCDs multimorbidity does not only afflict older adults, hence suggesting that clients utilising healthcare services have multiple health issues where care provided for a multimorbid middle-aged or pre-old adult may be as complex as that for older adults. As reported by other studies, utilisation of healthcare services is often by older adults, however this study also found that middle-age and pre-old adults also comprise a substantial proportion. Healthcare utilisation was lower in the old-old, raising questions of possible access issues. In this analysis, conditions only included NCDs, whereas older adults are likely to have other conditions which cause morbidity. Finding that multimorbid adults across the age spectrum have a preponderance for the public sector also has implications on the readiness and responsiveness of the health system.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre for Health Equity Research, Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {healthcare utilisation, multimorbidity, Older adults},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-38,
title = {Mobile COVID-19 CAC Team Kuantan, the Speedy Gonzales to the Rescue},
author = {Mardiatuniza Mohammad Dani and Syed Mohd Azharudin Syed Zahir and Rohaida Abdul Rahim and Wong Chin Mun and Rashidah Abd Rahman and Mohd Rahim Sulong and Nor Azimi Yunus and Husnina Ibrahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-38.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-4-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Most COVID-19 disease were quarantined to prevent mortality in Malaysia during 2020-2021, but bed occupancy rate were high. COVID-19 Case Assessment Center (CAC) is a community triaging service which asseses the suitability of COVID-19 patients for home quarantine. CAC service was not well-accessible in Kuantan, while virtual CAC service is not widely acceptable to the technology iliterates. Most unreached group to CAC service were the dependents, of extreme age group and institutional dwellers. After the household breadwinners were admitted to quarantine centers, their dependents were illegible to attend to CAC service. Besides, cluster areas required prompt environmental health risk assessment. The Kuantan District Health Office Primer team took an innovative approach to expand CAC service to the unreached group using mobile CAC team. This study aim to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile CAC as a district-specific-approach strategy to manage COVID-19 cases in Kuantan. 
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in January to December 2021. A total of 14 teams were formed, each from a clinic. Each team consist of medical officer, medical assistant, staff nurse and driver. The teams were arranged by three zones, namely town center zone, Gambang zone and Beserah zone. Three mobile CAC teams were arranged for daily mobilization to locations of referral after office hour, weekend or for urgent special project such as risk assessment for cluster areas such as institutions, hostel, factories, academy. The mobile CAC team in charge of COVID19 environmental health risk assessment, stakeholder engagement, sampling, referral, health education and stakeholder empowerment for proper quarantine. 
Results: There were total of 833 mobile CAC referrals from January to December 2021, 2.1% of total cases in 2021. Amongst, 72.25% were from Town center zone, 18.3% from Gambang Zone, 9.45% from Beserah zone. There were 20% referred from institution, 35% from cluster area, 27.75% non-accessible, 10% uncontactable, 7.25% from disaster rescue. From the referral, 80% were referred to quarantine centers within Kuantan district, 20% were referred across districts. 
Discussion: The mobile CAC service in Kuantan helped to expand triage service for COVID-19 cases to the women, children, elderly, disabled and institutional dwellers. The service enables early intervention before further deterioration, augment the prevention of COVID-19 mortality in Kuantan. The mobile CAC team also served as a support system for the manager in COVID19 clusters area, institutions, enhanced movement control area (EMCO) on the isolation of closed contact and premise risk control. The mobile CAC team served as first responder to retrieve flood victims at green zone to isolation block in the quarantine center during flood disaster in December 2021. This strategy effectively prevented COVID-19 transmission during flood disaster in Kuantan 2021. 
Conclusion: In conclusion, the mobile CAC team is an effective district-specific approach strategy in Kuantan District Health Office to increase accessibility to CAC service, reduce case mortality indirectly through early intervention, and ensure case safety through effective risk communication with stakeholders. 
Recommendation: Mobile CAC service should be recommended to complement virtual CAC service in community triaging and COVID19 case management.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuantan District Health Office, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.},
keywords = {CAC, COVID19 assessment center, mobile CAC, mobile CAC team, quarantine center},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-37,
title = {Mass Immigrants Outbreak: A case control study of Food Poisoning at X Immigration Detention Centre in Bera Pahang},
author = {Wan Nadirah WC and Azulaikha A and Azuwa HA and Ikhmal Hidhir and Mohd Azuan and Izzuldin Razali and Mohd Hafizan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-37.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Food poisoning is the commonest health problems encountered world-wide including Malaysia and Pahang is no exception. A study was conducted during an outbreak of food poisoning which occurred from 16 May 2020 until 18 May 2020 at Depo Tahanan Imigresen Kemayan to determine the etiology, the mode of transmission the source and the risk factors for the outbreak and in order to take appropriate remideal actions and preventive measures. A case control study was conducted on 233 imigrant. Equal number of healthy individuals matched for age were taken as controls. 
The study using clerking sheets from patients as well environmental and bacteria investigations. A total of 233 out of 1018 imigrants .159 males and 74 females were examined and having symptoms. Preliminary investigations show that 98.70 % presented with diarrhoea , followed by vomiting (22.32 %), abdominal pain (17.60 %), headache (7.29%) and nausea (6.44% ). 13 out of 233 patients also had develop fever ( 5.58%) . Most of the patient presented more than one symptom. 
The epicdemic curve plotted showed a point source with one peak and the contaminant was most probably consumed at 10 a.m on the 18 of May 2020. It was found that chicken tom yam was the source of the outbreak (0.000073). 
The most likely active organism was the Staphyllococcus aureus due to the incubation period for the first onset are 6 hours after eating the meal. Following the outbreaks, several remedial action were taken include the close up with the caterer premise under CDC act and all the cases were treated.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Unit Keselamatan \& Kualiti Makanan, Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Bera},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-36,
title = {Malaysian 1st Primary Health Care (PHC) Vital Signs Profile (VSP): Fit for Purpose?},
author = {Kamaliah Mohamad Noh and Rachel Koshy and Nazrila Hairizan Nasir and Samsiah Awang},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-36.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-2-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: While Malaysian PHC has been cited as a progressive model in Maternal and Child Health services, it is under strain to respond to the epidemiological transition. In 2016, Malaysia participated in the development of the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Framework and an innovative tool for comprehensive PHC measurement of financing, capacity, performance, and equity, enabling the production of its first VSP. The study objective was to measure the Malaysian PHC system performance, identify gaps in service delivery and propose improvement strategies. 
Methodology: This was a mixed-methods study design, part of a multi-country initiative, carried out in two phases. The first was a quantitative study in 2018, utilising secondary data from multiple national and international sources to populate the three pillars of financing, performance, and equity. The second, which started in 2019, was a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach to assess functional capacity using metrics on (i) governance and leadership (ii) population health needs (iii) inputs (iv) population health management, and (v) facility organisation and management. 
Results: PHC spending constituted 35% of overall health spending in the country, with a per capita PHC spending of $152. While the Malaysian government spent 2% of GDP on health, 26% was spent on PHC. The capacity of the PHC system in Malaysia was strong in the subdomains of governance \& leadership, information system, and funds management but with low scores in drugs \& supplies and facility organisation \& management. The lowest scoring measure in population health management was the empanelment of the population. The PHC system in Malaysia had performed with an access index of 98%, quality index of 84% and service coverage index of 62%. It was equitable with little difference in the coverage of Reproductive Maternal Neonatal and Child Health services by mother's level of education and under-five childhood mortality between urban and rural areas. 
Discussion: The approach of integrating health planning into the development plans of the country had contributed to the strong performance of Malaysian PHC in achieving universal health coverage, improving equity, with limited resources. The capacity was generally stronger in the public sector as compared to the private sector mainly due to a lack of information from the private sector, but also due to the different financing, organisational structures, and service delivery capacity in the two sectors. As the private sector provide 35% of PHC utilisation in the country, its capacity needs to be on par to enable both sectors to work in an integrated and cohesive partnership. Initiatives during the control of the COVID-19 pandemic have addressed data gaps and strengthened coordination between the two sectors. This tool could be applied across different country contexts, and while it has attempted to standardise measurements, interpretation of performance measures needs to consider the specific context. 
Conclusion: The Malaysian VSP has showcased the achievement of its PHC system and provided evidence-based recommendations to address the gaps. In Malaysia's journey towards Universal Health Coverage, strengthening the PHC system must take the system approach, considering the parallel public and private delivery systems.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Independent Consultant; PHC Section, Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health; Public Health Development Division, Ministry of Health; Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-35,
title = {Loss to follow-up among TB patients in Malaysia: who are they, and why did it happen?},
author = {Peter Seah Keng Tok and Tharani Loganathan and Li Ping Wong and Su May Liew and Asmah Razali and Thilaka Chinnayah and Shaharom Nor Azian Che Mat Din},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-35.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-5-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: In Malaysia, loss to follow-up (LTFU) comprises approximately one-quarter of all unsuccessful treatment outcomes among tuberculosis (TB) patients over the recent years. Evidence on determinants for LTFU among TB patients in the local context remains limited, although it is important for the monitoring and evaluation of the national TB control programme, including identifying areas for improvement and informing future strategies to address this outcome. 
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using population-level data from Malaysia's national TB surveillance data from 2014 until 2017. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and TB disease variables were extracted to investigate for potential association with LTFU among TB patients using multiple logistic regression analysis. Additionally, a qualitative study was conducted in Johor to explore reasons for leaving TB care among TB patients with a history of LTFU. In this qualitative study, a total of 15 in-depth interviews involving 15 TB patients were conducted between January and September 2020. Results: A total of 97,505 TB cases were included for analysis, of which 5.3% (n=5,161) were LTFU during TB treatment. LTFU was significantly associated with younger age (adjusted odds ratio, AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.98, 0.99), male sex (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.73, 2.03), Malaysians (AOR 2.44, 95% CI 2.12, 2.81), urban residence (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.70, 1.92), lower education levels (no formal education having highest AOR 1.83, 95% 1.61, 2.09), no diabetes mellitus (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05, 1.25), smoking (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.43, 1.63), previous treatment for TB (treatment after LTFU having highest AOR 5.26, 95% CI 4.74, 5.83), smear-positive TB (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11, 1.28), and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.35, 1.63). In the qualitative study, a total of 11 emerging themes were identified. The themes occurred at four levels of interaction with TB patients; TB beliefs, the role of traditional and complementary medicine, and substance abuse occurred at the patient level; financial, logistic, and work-related factors at the structural level; TB medications' side effects, healthcare system and healthcare professional factors at the healthcare level; and the role of family and interpersonal interaction at the interpersonal or societal level. 
Discussion: Study findings reiterate the need for and guide the means to address LTFU among TB patients in Malaysia. The quantitative findings may contribute to identifying subpopulations with higher likelihoods for LTFU, while the qualitative findings provide a better understanding of the underlying issues contributing to LTFU among TB patients. Together, these findings can benefit future strategies in TB control, particularly in the planning and implementation of targeted strategies and public health actions that are responsive to addressing LTFU among TB patients in Malaysia.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya; Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya; TB/Leprosy Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Johor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {loss to follow-up, Malaysia, treatment outcome, tuberculosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-34,
title = {Leprosy Screening Among Estate Workers in Tawau, Sabah},
author = {Suzalinna Sulaiman and G. Navindran},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-34.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-1-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION : Despite achieving prevalence rate of \<1 case per 10,000 population, the incidence rate of leprosy in Tawau is still remain s higher than target of \<1 case per 100,000 population. Most of cases were imported cases in form of migrant workers. The surveillance data suggested under detection of cases, as majority of these cases detected through passive case detection. The aim of this study is to actively detect symptomatic leprosy among estate workers and th eir family at Kalumpang Estate in Tawau , Sabah . This study also seeks knowledge and attitude towards leprosy among the participants. METHODOLOGY : A one - day awareness and screening programme wa s conducted at Kalumpan g Estate in February 2020. Leprosy awareness and health education were done in form of public talk, individual consultation, exhibition and distribution of pamphlets. All part icipants were subjected to medical screening using ICF Russia Screening Form. A slit skin s mear (Triple S) was done to any individual with sign or symptom suggestive of leprosy. Any skin lesion suggestive of leprosy will be biopsied. A self-administered questionnaire that sought demographic data, medical history, and knowledge and attitude towards leprosy were given one week prior to the programme. RESULTS: A total of 883 ( 90.8% ) estate workers and their families were screened for symptomatic leprosy. Majority (7 8.5%) of participants were non-Malaysian. 14 individuals (1.6%) had skin lesions suggestive of leprosy. These lesions manifested as reddish excoriation (57.1%) , hypopigmentation (21.4%) , skin nodules (14.3%) and loss of sensation over skin patch (7.2%). However, subsequent Triple S tests were negative. Eight cases (57.1%) had further testing using skin biopsy. All the biopsies failed to show positive finding . Six cases (42.9%) were due for yearly follow up. T he knowledge on and attitude towards leprosy were poor with o nly 30.9% had good knowledge and 28.3% had favourable attitude towards leprosy . DISCUSSION : Despite unable to provide laboratorial diagnosis of leprosy, this study highlighted the possibility of leprosy in Tawau based on clinical findings manifested as skin lesions . This study also demonstrated poor knowledge and attitude towards leprosy among estate workers and their family. Thus, the Tawau Health Office needs to strengthen its leprosy surveillance systems by actively detecting individuals with early signs and symptoms of leprosy. Further training is needed to enhance the skill of performing Triple S and skin biopsy among medical officers and paramedics. Continuous health promotion activities can help to alleviate poor knowle dge and attitude towards leprosy in Tawau.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Hospital Bintulu, Tawau Health Office},
keywords = {Estate Workers, Leprosy, Sabah, screening},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-32,
title = {Inverse association between adequate fruit and vegetable intake and CVDs-associated risk factors among the Malaysian adults: findings from National Health Morbidity Survey 2015},
author = {Lay Kim TAN and Geok Pei LIM and Hui Chin KOO and Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz ISMAIL and Yee Mang CHAN and Wahinuddin SULAIMAN and Osman ALI and Chee Cheong KEE and Azahadi OMAR},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-32.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-6-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are the well-established cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-associated factors. Evidences from epidemiological studies showed that adequate fruit and vegetable (FV) intake were protective against the risk of these CVDs-associated factors, but were reported mainly in the prevalent cases of the Caucasian and other Asian descendants. Thus, we investigated the relationship between FV intake and the risk of undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia among the Malaysian adults. 
Methods: This study analysed the data from 11,172 Malaysian adults (i.e. 5,554 men and 5,618 women) aged above 18 years old who participated in the NHMS 2015, a national population-based survey. Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine the relationship between adequate FV intake and risk of undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia, after adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk factors. The undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia were identified based on the self-reported medical history and the measurement of blood fasting sugar and cholesterol, and blood pressure measurement during recruitment. Results: The prevalence of adequate FV intake among the undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia were 2.6%, 2.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Our data demonstrated that adequate FV intake based on the World Health Organization recommendation ( ? 5 servings per day) was inversely associated with undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia (adjusted OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sector for Biostatistics \& Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Perak, Malaysia},
keywords = {Dietary practice; fruit and vegetable intake; diabetes; hypertension; hypercholesterolemia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-48,
title = {Smart GP Partnership in TB Case Detection at Kuala Langat District},
author = {Thinakaran Kandayah and Zul Aizzat Baharuddin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-48.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-2-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an air-borne disease and globally TB kills around five thousand people every day. In 2019, Malaysia recorded 26352 new TB cases. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) estimation, new TB case detection in Malaysia should be around 33000. Based on this estimation, we are missing around 3,000 cases annually which can have catastrophic impact in terms of morbidity and mortality associated with TB since the disease is air-borne. General practitioner (GP) in private clinic plays a very important role is very in addressing the aforementioned issue. 
Method: Face to face engagement with 13 private clinics in Kuala Langat were done in 2020, by the Kuala Langat district TB Unit. During the engagement session, doctors in the private clinic were briefed with current TB trend at the district and were provided with TB alert cards. TB alert card consist of signs and symptoms and contact information of the TB clinic and government health clinics. The TB alert card are used as promotional tool by the clinic and given to the patients visiting the private clinic. Apart from that, symptomatic patients with prolonged cough history for more than 2 weeks are screened for TB using chest radiography and sputum AFB. Confirmed TB cases are notified using the National Electronic Communicable Disease Control Information System (E-Notification) by the GP. Besides the confirmed cases, patients with high degree suspicion of TB are referred to nearest health clinic and district TB unit are notified by phone call. With the availability of the contact information in the TB alert card, patients are referred directly to the nearest health clinic and district TB unit will do immediate follow on the same day for TB case confirmation and treatment initiation. Letter of appreciation is given to the private clinics as an encouragement for them to continue detecting new TB cases in the community 
Results: Kuala Langat district TB Unit received valuable feedback from the GP and understood that information dissemination using the TB alert card helped doctors in the private clinics in the process of TB case detection. Effective communication is established between private clinics and district TB Unit. TB case detection by the GP increased in Kuala Langat District by 2.8 times after using the TB alert card. 
Discussion: In conclusion, active engagement and effective two way communication with the GP is essential in increasing TB case detection in line with the effort to end TB epidemic by 2030 as stated firmly among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Apart from increasing the TB case detection, this comprehensive approach will reduce the tendency of loss to follow up and delay in seeking treatment.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur; Tuberculosis and Leprosy Unit, Kuala Langat District Health Office, Banting, Selangor},
keywords = {case detection, partnership, tuberculosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-58,
title = {The role of active ergonomic training intervention on upper limb musculoskeletal pain and discomfort: A cluster randomized controlled trial},
author = {Muhamad Hazizi Muhamad Hasani},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-58.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Active ergonomic training and workstation adjustments have the potential to decrease the risk of work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (WRULD) among computer users. Therefore, this study assessed the effectiveness of active ergonomic training and workstation adjustments in reducing the upper limb musculoskeletal pain and discomfort among two hundred administrative workers from eight randomly selected faculties or institutes of the University of Malaya. A two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was implemented. The intervention group received active ergonomic training which comprises several intervention packages, whereas the control group was provided with a basic occupational health talk. The duration of the study was twelve months and data collection was performed at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month points, respectively. Data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA and Generalized Estimating Equations analysis. The results showed that there was an increased odds for participants in the control group to be diagnosed with WRULD at the twelfth month compared to those in the intervention group (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.97). In addition, the intervention group had a larger reduction of pain as compared to the control group where the mean difference (95% CI) of pain score was 0.71 (0.30, 1.12) for the neck, 0.49 (0.06, 0.92) for the shoulder, 0.11 (-0.15, 0.37) for the elbow as well as 0.69 (0.28, 1.09) for the hand and wrist. This study demonstrated that active ergonomic training intervention could reduce the upper limb musculoskeletal pain and discomfort among the administrative workers. The findings suggested that active ergonomic training could be one of the effective, inexpensive and reasonably easy intervention programmes that can be implemented in the office settings of universities to inculcate good computer ergonomic habits and practices.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Seremban District Health Office},
keywords = {Active ergonomic training, Cluster randomized controlled trial, intervention, Office workers, Work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-59,
title = {The Virtual Clinic Services: Clients Satisfaction},
author = {Kawselyah Juval and Rachel Koshy and Muhammad Zulkifli Abdul Rahim},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-59.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-2-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Virtual clinic has been highlighted as one of the initiatives under the National Agenda Malaysia in 2019. Thus, executed as proof of concept in 5 health clinics in five states namely Selangor, Penang, WPKL\& Putrajaya, Sabah and Sarawak. During the pandemic COVID-19, virtual clinics under digital ingenuities were made to explore in order to address the new norms. For this, it expanded from 5 health clinics to 40 health clinics in Malaysia. The Virtual Clinics remotely enables healthcare providers to increase access to Primary Health Care services to make available, accessible and affordable for the population. 
Methodology: It is a quantitative survey. Questionnaires matched with a matrix of virtual clinic monitoring indicators. The questionnaires were multiple choice and free text. It is random sampling based on the sample size calculator for the health care provider. The time frame for this survey was for a month from 15 December 2021 to 14 January 2022. Primary data were collected through google form from 40 health centers to the person in charge via WhatsApp group virtual clinic to the health care providers. The participants filled up questionnaires via google form anonymously. Total 153 clients filled up google form for the said period. 
Results: Respondents were dominated by females (65%) than male (35%). The age group using the virtual clinic was between 20 to 40 years (54.4%) and followed by 41 to 60 years (37%). Almost 98% of the clients who used the virtual clinic services leaved within 0-50 km from the clinics. The number of e-consultations sessions was between 1 to 5 sessions (83.6%). Clients (89.5%) were satisfied with the last e- consultation. Almost 84.9% of respondents found virtual consultation was convenient compared to in person consultations and 80.4% responded it was easy to use technology for e consultation. 
Conclusion: Clients were satisfied to use e-consultation through virtual clinics. This has driven the ministry to expand to more health centers to cater these services. It is also in line with digital Global strategy 2020-2025 and Ministry's Strategic Plan 2021-2025. Virtual clinic services able to complement in increasing the access to primary health care.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Digital health, e- consultations, tele-consultations, Virtual Clinics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-60,
title = {Trends in Dietary Intake Among Malaysian Adolescents from 2012 to 2016: An Outcome from the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team Study (the MyHeARTs Study)},
author = {Vanitha Krishnan and H Abdul Majid and RA Zaki and MY Jalaludin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-60.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-1-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Adolescents are facing a series of nutritional challenges which are not only affecting their growth and development but also their livelihood as adults. This is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional deficiencies particularly anaemia which has been neglected by public health program. The nutritional and health needs of adolescents are high because of the growth spurt and the increased physical activity. The aim of this study is to determine the trend of dietary intake among Malaysian adolescents from 13 to 17 years old. Method: It is a secondary analysis of data from MyHeART adolescent cohort. The 7-day historical assessment of habitual food intakes was conducted by qualified dietitians who were facilitated by flipcharts and household measurement tools. Nutritionist Pro™Diet Analysis software was used to analyze the dietary records. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was constructed to evaluate the trend of total energy, protein and iron intake over the 5 years period. Result: The percentage of adolescents who did not meet RNI for iron continued to increase progressively from 2012 to 2016[26.6%(95%CI:21.1,32.0), 63.9%(95%CI:56.9,70.3), 77.8%(95% CI:71.6,83.0)].It was more significant among the females whose prevalence of not meeting RNI for iron intake increased drastically [22.4%(95%CI:17.2,28.6), 86.6% (95%CI: 79.5,91.5), 93.8% (95% CI: 88.1,96.9)].More than 80% of the adolescents did not meet RNI for total energy intake over the 5 years. Discussion: Generally, the trend of dietary intake showed that majority of the adolescents did not meet the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for total energy and iron intake daily through-out the 5-years period. Thus, the planning and implementation of a structured and specific intervention is recommended to overcome this nutritional inequality in adolescent age group.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya},
keywords = {Anaemia; Adolescents; Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI); Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE); Dietary Intake; MyHeART},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-49,
title = {Social Responsibility during COVID-19 Outbreak},
author = {Nurul Iman Jamalul-lail and Low Lee Lan and Kalvina Chelladorai and Tan Yui Ping and Zalilah Abdullah and Tay Yea Lu},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-49.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-4-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 was declared by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a pandemic in March 2020. Public health preventive measures are a crucial element in curbing the spread of infection, and individual social responsibility plays a big role contributing to these efforts. Understanding the perception of individuals on social responsibility is therefore important as human behaviour tends to be complex. In this study, a theoretical model was developed to illustrate how an individual responds to an outbreak from a social responsibility viewpoint. 
METHOD: Grounded theory approach; a qualitative method was adopted in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted among 23 respondents either through telephone call or face-to-face depending on respondent preference, during the initial stage of the outbreak between March to July 2020. The respondents were recruited through networks of the research team members from various regions in Malaysia. Both purposive and theoretical sampling were applied. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed as interviews went on until theoretical saturation of data was reached. Data analysis involved open coding, focus coding and theoretical coding, aided by memoing, sketching and modelling. 
RESULTS: The developed theoretical model depicts that an individual act of social responsibility is a result of negotiation between the individual's perceived societal role responsibility and their perceived infection risk. The perceived societal role responsibility is the role that an individual is perceived to have within their perceived circle of responsibility. An individual may carry multiple roles, but they only assume one role within a particular context. On the other hand, perceived infection risk considers the response towards COVID-19 information received, the risk of getting infected, as well as their self-efficacy in risk modification. This negotiation process results in a matrix of four types of behaviour which facilitates the understanding of the spectrum of human behaviour in relation to public response to COVID-19. The spectrum includes individuals with perceived high infection risk and small circle of societal role responsibility; individuals with perceived high infection risk and large circle of societal role responsibility; individuals with perceived low infection risk and small societal role responsibility; and individuals with perceived low infection risk and large societal role responsibility. The negotiation process eventually determines the extent of actions which is adhering to preventive measures, to further advocating it to others in order to stop the spread of infection. 
DISCUSSION: The developed model illustrates that perceived societal role and risk perception are both critical points that can be worked upon in order to achieve desired social responsibility during an outbreak. Providing effective risk communication reaching out to all levels of society would be beneficial, including explaining the exact roles that each individual in the society should play at a particular time to curb the spread of infection. The theoretical model is abstract, thus can be adopted in similar contexts of an outbreak in the future.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, MOH Malaysia},
keywords = {Covid-19, Pandemic, Qualitative, Social responsibility, Theoretical model},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-50,
title = {Spatial Analysis of COVID-19: GIS-MyHDW Experience},
author = {Mohamad Fadli Kharie and Nafisah Mazlan and Nuraidah Mohd Marzuki and Rozita Hussein},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-50.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-2-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Geographical Information System (GIS) has been increasingly used to analyze the distribution and spatial analysis of diseases. The GIS component of the Malaysian Health Data Warehouse (GIS-MyHDW) was used to maintain spatial database of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia. These data were utilized to visualize mapping of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia to assist analysis by stakeholders and to plan for targeted public health interventions. The aim of this article is to describe the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in Klang Valley over specific period of time using GIS. 
Methods: All COVID-19 cases line listing were uploaded into the portal of GIS MyHDW. Cases were classified into sporadic and cluster cases. Feature map were published in GIS MyHDW environment in order to map COVID-19 cases for further spatial analysis. Afterward, data filter was applied to the feature map to include only data in Klang Valley, both sporadic and cluster cases between epidemiology week 13 of 2021 which started on 28 March 2021 until epidemiology week 24 of 2022 which ended on 19 Jun 2021. Time function on feature map were enabled to determine temporal changes on spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases using time slider. 
Results: During epidemiology week 13 most of COVID-19 cases concentrated in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya area. Afterward cases of COVID-19 were spatially distributed towards periphery of Klang Valley over Gombak, Hulu Langat and Klang area. Most of the cases consist of sporadic cases compare to cluster cases. Cases of COVID-19 were less concentrated at the periphery of Klang Valley starting from epidemiology week 24. 
Discussion/ Conclusion: GIS can provide visual analyses and mapped evidence of COVID-19 cases, as well as to understand the dynamic of COVID-19 distribution and spread. The spatial analysis contributes to a targeted strategies for a cost-effective control of the outbreak.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pusat Informatik Kesihatan, Bahagian Perancangan KKM},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-51,
title = {Standard of Personnel in Private Aged Care Facility: Is MOH Ready?},
author = {Nurhafizah Sahidan and Suryani Mohamad Suhane and Farah Waheeda Ahmad Faraid and Wan Firdaus Wan Ahmad},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/APCPH2022-O-51.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-3-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-01},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction An ageing population is a global phenomenon. Currently,the elderly population in Malaysia of 60 years and above is estimated to be 28.3 million in 2010 and will increase by 15% in 2030.Malaysia at present has 90 government aged facilities, 350 registered and more than 1000 unregistered in various states. Due to the restricted admission criteria and limited capacity of the government centre,many opted for private. Most of these private were unlicensed,which pose health threats and risks to the undiscerning public.To make it worse,they are also run by non-trained workers with a high rate of turnover, thus compromise the quality of care.Evidently,in 2018,a case of 31 residents in a privately senior centre was abandoned and five required hospital admission. The incident proves the need to revisit the standard of personnel in this centre hence of this study.Presently,those facilities are governed under Act 586 of the Ministry of Health (MOH) or Act 506 under the Ministry of Women Family and Community Development (MWFCD).Methods This qualitative approach was carried out using a questionnaire. It was categorized into three sections (education qualification of the personnel, problem faced by the operator and personnel ratio to care recipient) and distributed among 42 Person in Charge (PIC) in aged care facilities during a visit done by the Medical Legislation Section between 2018 and 2019. No stipulated criterias of the selected aged care facility were established before the visit.Result All PICs responded to the survey.Out of 42, only 4(9.5%) registered under Act 586 and 29(69.1%) registered under Act 506. The rest, 9(21.4%), remains unregistered. Among the PICs, only 5(11.9%) registered under the regulatory body but none of them specialized in geriatric care. Three major problems faced by the operators had been identified whereby 41(97%) of the centres agreed to a lack of trained staff, and 34(81%) also faced an administrative problem (registration, approval and license) due to the high standard set and 32(76%) had financial constraints. Only 32 responded for the personnel ratio to care recipient, of which 31% were unable to fulfil the standard requirement.Discussion Keeping in view the rise of concern, the government established Majlis Perunding dan Penasihat Warga Emas Negara ,whereby MOH is one committee member focusing on health and social services.Subsequently launched Pelan Tindakan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia ,which advocates and promotes a comprehensive healthcare system and lifestyle catering aged population. Besides that,the establishment of care manager volunteers for surveillance and health management of the elderly as well as service integration in the community.The MOH also plans to broaden the role of community nurses in improving aged healthcare and in institutional settings.The Act 802,which gazetted in 2018,aims to provide a more holistic regulatory environment for elderly care by ensuring all private healthcare is licensed and regulated.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Facility Unit, Medical Legislation Section, Medical Practice Division; Practice Unit, Medical Legislation Section, Medical Practice Division},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-52,
title = {Strengthening the Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria by Nucleic Acid Amplification Test in the National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
author = {Zulhainan Hamzah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-52.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-9-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {The role of nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of malaria is still under ongoing debate. However, as PCR assays have been shown to be more sensitive and specific than other approaches, especially in detecting the low parasitemia and the sub-microscopic malaria, and currently the only most reliable methods for detecting and diagnosing of Plasmodium knowlesi infection. Thus, these PCR technologies should be fully utilized in addition to the "gold standard " Giemsa-stained blood smear in diagnosis of malaria specifically for countries with malaria elimination programme. The utilization of the PCR technology and the microscopy method, coupled with competent laboratory technologists will strengthen and ensure the laboratory services offered are able to provide results that are consistently accurate and timely to have a direct impact on treatment and management of malaria, thus supporting the Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan for Malaysia.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Malaria; Diagnosis; Plasmodium; PCR; Thick blood smear. National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan.},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-53,
title = {Supporting person-centred practice: The future of primary health care},
author = {Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali and Pui San Saw and Anis Syakira Jailani and Weng Hong Fun and Sondi Sararaks},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-53.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Developing person-centred practice is not a one-time event; rather it requires a sustained commitment from organisations to facilitate ongoing developments. Person-centeredness can only happen if cultures in care settings enable staff to experience and work in a person-centred way. This paper aims to highlight areas for improvements based on findings of person-centred provider practices in primary care clinics. 
Method: We adapted the Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) questionnaire containing 59 items drawn from 17 constructs and rated from a 5-point scale indicating frequency of person-centred practice in health clinics in Pulau Pinang. All eligible candidates were recruited for comprehensiveness. Upon approval from state and districts ' health offices, representatives from each clinic were briefed about the study objective and data collection process. Printed questionnaires were distributed to eligible candidates from nine different health care provider categories. Respondents consented before participation and returned responses in sealed envelopes. We analysed and reported the median score for each construct in the instrument. 
Results and Discussion: A total of 887 respondents (90% response rate) from 16 clinics participated in the study. The respondents' mean years of service was 9.9 ± 6.3 (range 1 month to 35 years). Nurses were the largest respondent group (45%). Overall, median scores ranged from 3.6 to 4.3. Four constructs related to organisational factors were identified as areas for improvements: Supportive Organizational System (Median 3.6, IQ:3.0-4.0), Clarity of Beliefs and Values (Median 3.7, IQ:3.3-4.0), Shared Decision-Making Systems (3.8, IQ:3.3-4.0), and Potential for Innovation and Risk Taking (Median 3.8 IQ:3.3-4.3). The transformation needed in work culture centred around giving more opportunities to healthcare providers to raise their concerns, be involved in organisational decision-making and creating a more appreciative working environment. Findings were presented to stakeholders from Pulau Pinang who deliberated a cause and action plan to improve person-centred practice. 
Conclusion: A key consideration for all organisations in the development of a person-centred practice is to shift from 'person-centred moments' to 'person-centred culture', requiring reformation of workplace culture by improvements of identified organisational factors.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health; School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia},
keywords = {person-centred care, person-centred practice, Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S), primary health care, questionnaire},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-54,
title = {The Effectiveness of Health Education Module on Radiation Protection Literacy among Healthcare Workers in Malaysia},
author = {Khairul Anuar Abdullah and Ahmad Azuhairi Ariffin and Anita Abd Rahman and Rusdi Abd Rahman and Ruzita Mustaffa and Zuraida Mohamed and Noor Aizam Mohd Said and Hayati Kadir and Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq Mohd Nazan},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-54.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-5-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Radiation protection literacy (RPL) is a cognitive and social skill that determines the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good radiation protection. RPL will enable the protection of people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. In addition, about 19.7% of worldwide average radiation dose is due to medical use of radiation. In Malaysia, the number of x-ray examinations has increased by 19.02 per cent from 805,122 (2015) to 958,230 (2017); hence healthcare workers are at potential risk for occupational radiation hazards. A study in 2018 regarding radiation protection among government healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan showed that the scores on knowledge were marginal. Thus, proper training in radiation protection is pertinent to ensure safety and health at work and preserve patient safety. 
Objectives: This study aims to develop, implement and evaluate the effect of an educational intervention module based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) on the knowledge of radiation protection among radiation workers in government healthcare facilities, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca. 
Methodology: This is a single-blind, parallel randomized control trial study involving 158 radiation workers from the Department of Health Negeri Sembilan and Malacca. The sample size required was 79 in intervention and 79 in control groups. A questionnaire about knowledge regarding radiation protection was distributed among the respondents at the baseline. An educational intervention based on Protection Motivation Theory on radiation protection was introduced to the intervention group. The median knowledge level score was analyzed at one month and three months post-intervention. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25.0. Data for respondents were analyzed as per-protocol analysis and based on the intention-to-treat principle. Mann- Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests and multivariate analysis of the Generalized Linear Mixed Model were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The response rate was 95.2% at baseline. In the intervention group, the median score of knowledge of radiation protection increased significantly from baseline to 1-month and 3 months after intervention (35 (IQR 8), 41 (IQR 4), 40 (IQR 4), p\<0.001), respectively. Knowledge score on radiation protection at 1-month follow up was statistically significantly higher in intervention group (Mdn = 41) than in control group (Mdn = 37)},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Melaka, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Sembilan, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Jabatan Kesihatan Komuniti, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Putra Malaysia},
keywords = {healthcare worker, Knowledge, Literacy, Radiation, Radiation Protection},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-55,
title = {The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient service in public primary care clinics in Malaysia},
author = {Izzatur Rahmi MU and Normaizira H and Samsiah A and Nur Wahida Z and Jabrullah AH and Divya Nair N and Khalidah M and Nurhayati S and Roslina S and Mariyah M and Mohd Safiee I and Noridah MS and Rajini S},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-55.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-4-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had impacted the accessibility of essential health services worldwide which was manifested as reduced utilisation of the services throughout the pandemic period. One of the health services that had revealed a significant drop in utilisation globally was the general outpatient services in the primary care setting that caters for arrays of healthcare needs of the general population. This study quantified the changes in utilisation of outpatient services in public primary care health clinics throughout Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
Method: The monthly total number of outpatient visits was extracted from administrative routine data of the Ministry of Health from 1 January 2019 until 30 June 2021 covering all public health clinics nationwide. Monthly differences in outpatient visit between the pandemic year and pre-pandemic year (2019 vs 2020 and 2019 vs 2021) was examined using the paired t-test performed through the SPSS ver.26. Monthly outpatient visits per capita were analysed for each administrative district and a quarterly choropleth map was generated using QGIS software version 3.18 to depict the spatio-temporal changes in outpatient visit per capita by districts in Malaysia during the pandemic as compared to the pre-pandemic year. 
Results: The total monthly outpatient visits showed significant reduction (p\<0.05) ranging from 16.9% - 38.4% monthly starting from April 2020 until June 2021 as compared to respective month in 2019. The greatest reduction was seen in April 2020 (38.4%), followed by May 2020 (37.7%) and July 2020 (28.5%). A similar pattern was observed in both follow-up and new-cases attendances. The quarterly choropleth map showed all districts experienced reduction from April to June 2020 as compared to respective month in 2019, especially at the west coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. Less than 10% of districts in Malaysia showed equal or increased outpatient visits per capita from April until June 2021. 
Discussion: The substantial reductions in outpatient visits in the public health clinics corresponded to the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) in March 2020. Despite being classified as an essential service that allows travel throughout the MCO, access to healthcare services remain limited. The fact that follow-up cases were equally affected as new-cases may indicate the collateral damage caused by a pandemic on the care continuity of chronic diseases. Only a minimal number of districts managed to recover their outpatient services utilisation to the pre-pandemic level 12 months after the pandemic started.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, MOH Malaysia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor; Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis; Family Health Development Division, MOH Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-56,
title = {The Performance of Antigen-detecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in A Community Setting in Kelantan, Malaysia},
author = {Hazlienor Mohd Hatta and Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi and Suhaiza Sulaiman and Abdul Haris Muhammad and Zaini Hussin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-56.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-1-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Prompt and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial as part of the prevention and control strategy for the pandemic. Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) are reasonably priced, easily accessible, and easy to use with rapid turn-around-time as an alternative to the limited gold-standard real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) tests. In early 2021, Kelantan experienced influxes of COVID-19 cases, causing a high burden on centralised laboratories running rRT-PCR. Ag-RDTs as a diagnostic tool would be advantageous, but at the time of this study, the data on their field performance was quite limited. This study evaluated the Ag-RDTs for COVID-19 diagnosis in a community setting with high disease prevalence in Kelantan. 
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Kelantan in May 2021. We retrieved the state's data from the National Public Health Laboratory System registered from epidemiology week 13 to 22 in the year 2021. A total of 2569 individuals attended COVID-19 testing facilities in Kelantan with two nasopharyngeal specimens taken not more than 24 hours apart and tested for COVID-19 by both Ag-RDTs and rRT-PCR were analysed. The overall diagnostic performance of Ag-RDTs was evaluated with rRT-PCR as the gold standard. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the demographic characteristics, symptoms at the time of sampling, screening purposes, exposure risks, and cycle threshold (Ct) value. Results: The agreement between Ag-RDTs and RT-PCR was excellent (?= 0.828; 95% CI: 0.806,0.851; P \<0.001). Ag-RDTs had an overall specificity of 96.2% (95% CI: 95.1%,97.1%), a sensitivity of 85.4% (95% CI: 83.1%,87.5%), and an accuracy of 92.5% (95% CI: 91.4%,93.5%). The positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) at 35% prevalence were 92.0% (95% CI: 90.0%,93.7%) and 92.8% (95% CI: 91.7%,93.7%) respectively. The mean Ct value was significantly lower in 873 (37.0%) true-positive cases compared to 149 (71.6%) false-negative cases (23.3 vs 29.9, t (1020)=-14.57, P \<0.001). The sensitivity was higher ( P \<0.001) in those with high viral load (Ct value ?25.0) at 85.2% (95% CI: 93.2, 96.8%) compared to individuals with intermediate (84.5%; 95% CI: 79.3%, 88.9%) and low viral load (53.6%; 95%CI: 46.0%, 61.1%). The sensitivity of Ag-RDTs was found to be significantly lower among asymptomatic close contacts at 78.8% (95%CI: 72.9%,84.01%) and those aged ?18 years old at 67.7% (95%CI: 61.2%, 73.8%). The Ag-RDTs performed well when the expected prevalence was between 10% to 60%, but the NPV continued to decrease as the prevalence increased. 
Interpretation \& conclusion: Overall, Ag-RDTs are reliable alternatives to rRT-PCR in a community setting with high disease prevalence. The specificities of Ag-RDTs in diagnosing COVID-19 were consistently high in all subgroup analyses. However, the sensitivities vary, with lower sensitivity observed among individuals with low viral load, asymptomatic cases, and younger age groups. The Ag-RDTs allow rapid identification of highly infectious cases, making it a useful tool in diagnosing COVID-19, but with some considerations. Given its lower sensitivity among younger cases and lower NPV among subpopulations with a very high disease prevalence, such as symptomatic close contacts, these groups tested negative by Ag-RDTs may require confirmation by rRT-PCR.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Disease Control Unit, Kelantan State Health Department; Surveillance Unit, Kelantan State Health Department; Public Health Division, Kelantan State Health Department},
keywords = {Covid-19, diagnostic performance, Rapid Antigen Test},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-57,
title = {The relationship between Self-Efficacy and Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review},
author = {Azima Binti Ramle and Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-57.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-6-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Self-efficacy has been linked with self-management of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review was conducted to identify the type of relationship between self-efficacy and self-management of T2DM involving studies conducted in Southeast Asia. 
Materials and Method: Three established online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) were used to search for relevant articles using a combination of keywords; self-efficacy AND ( type 2 diabetes OR type 2 diabetes mellitus ) AND ( self-management OR self-care OR self-regulation ) AND ( factor* OR determinant* OR moderator* OR mediator* OR predictor*) AND ( Brunei OR Myanmar OR Cambodia OR Timor Leste OR Loas OR Malaysia OR Philippines OR Singapore OR Thailand OR Vietnam OR Indonesia). Searching strategies were limited to quantitative studies, English language, dating from 2010 to Jun 2021. 
Result: Ten eligible studies were included in this review. A cross-sectional study design is used in all studies. Six of the ten studies showed self-efficacy as an associated factor or predictor, and one study found the role of self-efficacy as a moderator of diabetes self-management. Most of the studies were conducted in Malaysia, in primary health care clinics, among the adult population, with Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) as the main study tool to measure self-efficacy. 
Conclusion: Self-efficacy has a significant relationship with type 2 diabetes self-management, and it should be included in planning intervention and education for diabetes patients. More research in the form of the prospective cohort study, a study assessing the role of moderating and mediating effect, and a study focused on the elderly population is proposed in view that this research topic is limited in Southeast Asian countries.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine \& Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia.},
keywords = {self-efficacy, self-management, Southeast Asia, type 2 diabetes mellitus},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-61,
title = {Trends of Dental Caries Status of 12-Year-Old School Children in Sarikei Division, Sarawak 2015-2019},
author = {Bibiana Yong Hui Ying and Hwang Yew Lang and Hassmah Morsili and Emmanuel Joseph Fong Tsung and Wong Siong Ting},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-61.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-3-ballroom-C/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Dental caries is a preventable, multifactorial, biofilm-mediated, diet-modulated and dynamic disease. This non-communicable disease results in a net-mineral loss of dental hard tissue which affects most of the population across their lifespan. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, untreated dental caries in permanent teeth is the most prevalent health condition. The 12-year-old is the most common indicator age group used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess oral health status. The National Oral Health Survey of Schoolchildren 2017 (NOHSS 2017) reported caries prevalence and caries experience (mean DMFT) of 12-year-olds in Sarawak state were 49.7% and 1.35 respectively. However, oral health status of each administrative division and district in Sarawak was not reported. This data is important for evidence-informed planning of school oral health services for the biggest state in Malaysia, Sarawak. The land size of Sarawak is comparable with the Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the NOHSS 2017 findings, it can be inferred that the oral health status of school children in Sarikei Division was poor compared to districts in more developed states. The objectives of this study were to determine the trend of caries prevalence, caries severity and treatment needs of 12-year-old school children in Sarikei Division, Sarawak from 2015 to 2019. 
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 12-year-old school children enrolled in 110 primary schools under the purview of Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) from 2015 to 2019 who were covered under the MOH comprehensive incremental oral health care. Data was extracted from the Health Information Management System (HIMS) - Oral Health Sub-System. The diagnosis and reporting of dental caries status were in accordance with the WHO criteria using the decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index. 
Results: This study involved 9736 12-year-old school children. There was a slight downward trend of dental caries prevalence of 12-year-old school children over a five-year period, from 38.3% (2015) to 35.8% (2019), despite a sharp increase in 2016 (51.3%). However, dental caries experience demonstrated an increasing trend from 0.89 in 2015 to 0.98 in 2018 before a marked decline to 0.86 in 2019. Dental caries treatment needs based on mean decayed teeth (mean D) showed static trend from 0.20 (2015) to 0.19 (2019). 
Discussion / Conclusion: Despite nearly all school children in Sarikei Division were rendered comprehensive incremental oral healthcare annually since enrolment to primary education at 6-year-old, almost half of them did not remain caries free. The analysis of dental caries prevalence and dental caries severity is crucial in restrategizing the preventive and curative approach of comprehensive incremental oral health care among school children in Sarikei division. The oral health status among 12-year-old is important as a baseline for future projection of prevalence of dental caries among the adult population. In conclusion, future 'upstream ' action and multisectoral collaboration are needed to reduce the dental caries burden and improving the oral health status to a higher level to get the best buys for oral health.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Sarikei Divisional Dental Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Sarikei Divisional Health Office, MInistry of Health Malaysia; Sibu Divisional Dental Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-62,
title = {Vaccine Effectiveness in Reducing Incidence of COVID-19 Infection and Death Among Population in Federal Territory of Labuan: A Retrospective Cohort Study},
author = {Rahmah Binti Rashid and Edwin De Cruz and Nur Azyyati Amalina and Sabrina Dhanamani Daniel and Jemhi Pian and Ismuni Bohari and Jamalludin Ab Rahman and Muhammad Adil Zainal Abidin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-62.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-7-ballroom-A/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: In the middle of June 2021, the healthcare system in the Federal Territory of Labuan (Labuan F.T) was significantly overburdened due to a surge in the number of Covid-19 cases, as well as deaths linked to Covid-19. Labuan F.T. Healthcare Department pushed for the Covid-19 vaccination programme to be at the front, in our combat to prevent severe Covid-19 and to control the spread of the virus. Labuan F.T. started her vaccination programme on the 27th of February 2021 and was significantly ramped up from mid-June 2021. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccination programme in reducing the transmission of disease and the number of death cases linked to Covid-19 in Labuan F.T. 
Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was carried out to observe for breakthrough infections and the evolution of the vaccination status of the 68,500 eligible participants (aged 18 and above). The information used was obtained from pre-existing data from CPRC Labuan. The evolution of these groups, from unvaccinated (UV) to partially vaccinated (PV), and later to completely vaccinated (FV) were also observed throughout. The outcomes for the different status of vaccinations were evaluated using Crude Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR), Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and Vaccine Effectiveness (VE). Results: The eligible age to join the Covid-19 vaccination programme in Malaysia was initially set to 18 years and above, which meant that 68,500 of the total population in Labuan F.T. was eligible to be a part of this project. This cohort was observed for a total of 155 days from 27th of February 2021 until the 14th of August 2021. The mean age for this study was 38.3 years old (SD=14.2),with males accounting for 55.1% (n=36,596) of the population. Upon the completion of the study, a total of 96.9% (n= 66,418) of Labuan F.T.'s population had received their first dose of vaccination (PV), whereas 79.4% (n= 54,366) had completed both doses (FV). A total of 87.4% (n=58,049) of the respondents represented Malaysian citizens, whilst the rest represented the settlers or undocumented individuals. The total number of cases were UV - 4,249 (78.2%), PV - 841 (15.5%) and FV - 344 (6.3%) respectively. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) against breakthrough infection amongst those fully vaccinated was calculated to be 82.2% (95 % CI: 79.4 -84.3). The Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) is 845 per million and the Number Needed to be Vaccinated (NNV) is 1183. 
Conclusion: The study showed significant reduction of Covid-19 infection in population at risk after being fully vaccinated. Vaccine effectiveness is higher if the vaccination program is being rolling out constantly over time.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Breakthrough Infections, Covid-19 Death, Delta Variants, Fully Vaccinated, Partial Vaccinated, Unvaccinated, Vaccine Effectiveness.},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH2022-O-63,
title = {Work From Home and Mental Health during the Pandemic: A Systematic Review},
author = {Nur Hidayah Shamsudin and Nuridayu Ariffin and Ungku Izmin Farah Ungku Halmie and Ahmad Azuhairi Ariffin},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-O-63.pdf 
https://apcph.cphm.my/events/oral-session-8-ballroom-B/},
year  = {2022},
date = {2022-08-01},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Background: Work From Home is an alternative form of new work management procedures with the concept of employees being able to do their work from home. Covid-19 has changed our lives and the way we work. Many companies, organizations and institutions have implemented changes in work procedures that allow employees to work from their homes. With the abrupt change from workspace to WFH came the challenge of blurred lines between work and personal life. This has given an impact to the psychological health of the workers who need to juggle between work and family. However, not everyone faced these difficulties, as few had taken this as an opportunity in balancing the work-life balance. This systematic review aims to look at the types of occupational psychological risk during working from home and to discuss the factors associated with it. 
Method: A search was undertaken in three databases, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar from their inception up to 01 April 2021. The inclusion criteria are published papers with analysing the psychological risk of mental health impact during WFH and analysing factors of psychological health during WFH. 
Results: The database search identified 1964 papers of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. Four studies mentioned positive psychological risks and another five studies revealed negative psychological risks toward work from home. Factors associated with psychological risk were found to be time to manage home-work balance, social support/ social isolation, space factor, organizational factor, workload and lifestyle adaptation. 
Conclusions: This review identified Those who have WFH have the risk of developing psychological stress. This review reported that WFH has both positive and negative impacts. Factors associated with psychological risk during WFH were gender, work-life balance, social interaction, space, organizational factors, workload and lifestyle. These factors contributing to psychological risks need to be accommodated to achieve a substantial work life balance of working from home by the stakeholders and organizational level.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: ATM; UPM; KKM},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-1,
title = {Urbanisation Challenges in Health: Urban Crisis: Preventions, Readiness and Preparedness},
author = {Md Amin Muslan},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The growth of cities was a striking trend that was set to continue. According to the United Nation in 2016, there were 512 cities around the world with at least 1 million inhabitants, and 31 megacities with at least 10 million inhabitants. By 2030 these numbers were projected to grow to 662 and 41 respectively. More than half of the world population lived in cities. Urbanisation was a positive development, promoting economic growth and bringing people out of poverty. Through urbanisation new environments can be created for industries and technologies to grow and prosper the economic and livelihood of cities inhabitants. The nature of urbanisation is often characterised by high densities of human populations, complex infrastructural needs, high economic activities, governance, multicultural and often finances and service dependent. However, these characters can also be a vulnerability to urban populations. A US Army Study described megacities as becoming the epicentre of human activity on the planet and as such they will generate most of the friction which compel future conflict and crisis. Being dense, an incident in an Urban Environment will often result in mass casualties and large economic losses. Natural hazards like earthquake, floods, diseases and manmade hazards like fires, industrial accidents, street violent and riots, terrorism, insurgencies and armed conflicts will post potential risk that need to be mitigated by authorities to ensure inhabitant are protected and safe. Megacities also are vulnerable to outbreaks not only from poor sanitation and poverty but also from its high travelling population. These challenges will require an interagency response plan to prevent and effectively response to an urban population and environmental crisis. CONCLUSION: The role of the Malaysia Armed Forces is to support the civil authority in any crisis situation to ensure no or minimum human casualty and physical damages.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Director General of Malaysian Armed Forces Health Service, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {Malaysian Armed Forces, potential risk, urbanisation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-2,
title = {Participation and Cross-Sector Engagement for Healthier Communities},
author = {Uta Dietrich},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Along with Malaysia’s development, cities have grown and 75% of the population are now urban dwellers. Lifestyle changes have resulted in high prevalence of NCD risk factors and NCD in all segments of the population. The proportion of Malaysian with one or more NCD risk factors is at a level now that we can assume that most people are at risk of developing NCDs. For example, a family of three generations would have at least one member with a chronic disease and most of the other members meeting common lifestyle risk factors. The urgency to address NCDs is clear, however, lifestyle is often portrayed as an individual choice and responsibility but is greatly influenced by other interlinked factors at various scales. Think City is a Think and Do Tank working closely with local authorities, communities, institutions, private entities, and global experts to trial, plan, and implement programmes to rejuvenate cities and solve contemporary urban issues with an emphasis on historic city centres. Acknowledging cities as complex systems has shaped the Think City approach. Assessing the local context of people and place, engaging community and stakeholders in designing solutions are as relevant to urban rejuvenation as it is to good health promotion. Even though most programmes have not been planned with specific health outcomes in mind, the healthy lifestyle benefits can be easily recognised. A variety of initiatives will be presented and learning for placed-based NCD prevention strategies shared. In order to reduce the burden of NCD for individuals, families and societies and also meet the 30% premature mortality reduction by 2030 target set in SDG target 3.4, we do not just need to develop scalable interventions but involve all sectors. Identifying interventions led by other sectors, particularly civil society, and whose primary focus may not be NCD prevention but are resulting in healthier environments and lifestyles can be harnessed and supported to increase the intensity of interventions to achieve population-based health outcomes.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Think City},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-3,
title = {Individualised Screening Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Based on Risk Algorithms},
author = {Martin C. S. Wong},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Prevention via earlier detection and screening of cancers represent an important strategy to minimise disease complications, mortality and morbidity, as well as health service utilisation. However, population-based screening is costly especially in some countries where screening services and resources are limited. Hence, an individualised approach to select high-risk individuals for screening is sometimes required in resource-deprived regions. This talk will highlight some of the risk prediction tools for colorectal cancer (CRC) as an example of a tailored, personalised approach to formulate and implement a risk-stratified screening programme for CRC and advanced colorectal neoplasia. In particular, it will present findings from one prospective, multi-centred colonoscopy trial that could inform individualization of screening strategies for detection of proximal advanced neoplasia. Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) and colonoscopy are two common screening tests for colorectal cancer. FS is currently the only endoscopy-based CRC screening modality which has been supported by randomised controlled trials as an effective tool to reduce CRC mortality. It has been increasingly used in Europe and Asia Pacific regions. The choice between FS and colonoscopy should be based on individual risks of advanced proximal neoplasia (APN). This study developed and validated a clinical scoring system to predict the risks of APN. We aimed to better inform screening participants and physicians on whether subsequent colonoscopy follow-up is warranted for subjects who received FS (i.e., when distal findings are known). We prospectively recruited 7,954 asymptomatic subjects who received screening colonoscopy in more than 13 study sites in the Asia Pacific region. We randomly allocated two-third of these subjects (5,303 participants) to the derivation cohort, and evaluated the independent risk factors for APN. The odds ratios for significant risk factors were used to develop a scoring system ranging from 0-15, divided into two tiers as: 0-3 “average risk” (AR) and ?4 “high risk” (HR). A weighting was assigned to each independent variable in the risk score, applying the corresponding adjusted odds ratio and rounded to the nearest integer. Each screening participant had a score equivalent to the sum of their risk factors. The other 2,651 screening participants formed an independent validation cohort. The Cochran-Armitage test of trend was used to compare the prevalence of APN according to each score. The performance of the scoring system for predicting APN was evaluated. The prevalence of APN in the derivation and validation cohorts was 3.2% and 3.4%, respectively. Age, smoking status, family history of CRC in a first degree relative, and distal findings were found to be significant predictors. Utilising the scoring system, 79.5% and 20.5% in the validation cohort was classified as AR and HR, respectively. The prevalence of APN in the AR and HR groups was 1.9% and 9.4%, respectively; subjects in the HR group had 5.08-fold (95%CI: 3.38, 7.62; p\<0.001) increased prevalence of colorectal neoplasia than the AR group. The c-statistics of the scoring algorithm was 0.74 (95%CI: 0.68, 0.79), implying good discriminatory capability. The Hosemer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic evaluating the reliability of the validation set had a p value \>0.05, implying a close match between predicted risk and real risk. To conclude, the scoring system based on age, smoking, family history, and distal finding is useful in predicting the risk of APN. We recommend that subjects who receive FS screening and score ?4 points should be referred for colonoscopy workup. The seminar will end by highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with this risk-stratification approach.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-4,
title = {Walkability, Safe City!},
author = {Rosilawati Zainol},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Walkability is a concept that refers to the quality of walking. High walkability will inspire people to walk more. Previous studies have determined several factors that contribute to high walkability. These factors include width and material used for walkway, shade, crossings, continuity, ramp, safety, street furniture and activities. However, the implementation of these factors is not fully enforced. Compliance with these factors is progressing at a very low rate. Safe city guidelines which have been revised in 2013 are yet to be fully complied by the relevant authorities. This situation hinders people from walking in their neighborhoods and at their workplaces. This paper intends to highlight the loopholes that need to be patched to attract people to walk more in their daily activities. Fieldwork observations are the main methods used. The city that was chosen for this study is Taipan, USJ 10 Subang Jaya, Selangor. The local authority, Subang Jaya Municipal Council, aims to create Subang Jaya as a women friendly green city. In moving towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal No. 5, 10, 11 and 13 and also the New Urban Agenda commitments, Subang Jaya Municipal Council is working on its action plans to comply to the principles of these goals. Photographs were taken and compared with the safe city and other relevant guidelines. Findings show good government policies are available, but their enforcement is yet to be fully implemented. Failure to comply with these requirements will only deter people from achieving high walkability in their neighborhood and at the workplace.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Centre for Sustainable Urban Planning and Real Estate, University of Malaya},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-5,
title = {The National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018: How Did We Do It?},
author = {Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The 2018 National Health and Morbidity (NHMS) survey targeted older persons’ health and well-being in Malaysia. This study described the methodology and general findings of the NHMS 2018. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study using a stratified cluster random sampling design, targeting older persons aged ?50 years. Sample size was calculated using a single proportion formula for estimation of prevalence. Two phases of data collection were carried out involving 13 states and 3 federal territories in Malaysia. Field data collection teams visited households for an initial listing followed by a face-to-face interview of those found eligible using validated survey tools via mobile devices. Various scopes were included such as dementia, non-communicable diseases, food insecurity, incontinence, disability, and functional limitations besides basic sociodemographic profiles of the older persons. Continuous quality check of data was ensured via inbuilt systems in the mobile devices, besides checking of inconsistencies by the field personnel themselves. Descriptive and complex sample analysis was performed utilising SPSS version 23. RESULTS: A total of 13,508 living quarters (LQs) were identified from 110 Enumeration Blocks (EBs) and 5,636 eligible LQs were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Out of these, 5017 LQs with 7117 older persons were successfully interviewed with an 86.4% overall response rate. The majority were residing in rural areas, were females, Malay and married. About 60% were unemployed while 56% had an individual income of less than RM1000 per month. CONCLUSION: Findings from the NHMS 2018 are important for policy makers to identify health and social problems among older persons in Malaysia for further action.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-6,
title = {Dementia in Malaysia and Quality of Life of Carers of People Living with Dementia (PLwD)},
author = {Shubash Shander Ganapathy and Noor Ani Ahmad and Rasidah Jamaluddin and Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak and Tan Maw Pin and Sherina Mohd Sidik and Suhaila Mohamad Zahir and Nurashikin Ibrahim},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dementia, a chronic degenerative disease, changes the behaviour and ability of the person to perform everyday activities. This leads physical, social and psychological impact not only towards the patient, but also their careers. The quality of life (QoL) and improving QoL of family carers for people living with dementia (PLwD) has been an area of concern in the recent years. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of dementia in Malaysia and identify the factors associated with better QoL for carers of PLwD. METHODS: in this nationwide survey. A total of 3,774 individuals aged 60 years and above were selected in this nationwide survey. A stratified cluster sampling method was used with face to face interviews with the selected older persons. Screening for dementia was done using Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) Cognitive Screen. Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire was used to determine the QoL of the carers. All analysis was carried out using SPSS Ver 23.0, taking into account the complex study design and weights. RESULTS: The prevalence of dementia in Malaysia was 8.5% among older adults aged 60 years and above. The prevalence was higher in rural, among females and those with no formal education. The family carers of PLwD had a significantly lower mean QoL than those carers of older adults without dementia (p\<0.001). Linear regression among carers of PLwD showed that inability of the PLwD to carry out activities of daily living (p=0.018) and low to fair social support for the carers (p=0.003) were negatively associated with QoL of the carers. CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need for affirmative action and a comprehensive national strategic plan for dementia in Malaysia. Reducing the physical burden of taking care of the PLwD and increasing social support for the carers is essential to improve the QoL of carers of PLwD in Malaysia. This can only be achieved through increasing awareness and improving community participation as a whole to support PLwD and their careers.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, 3Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 5Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Carers of People Living with Dementia, Dementia, Malaysia, NHMS, Quality of Life},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-7,
title = {Non-Communicable Diseases and Major Risk Factors Among Elderly in Malaysia},
author = {Wan Shakira Bt Rodzlan Hasani},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Globally, there are an estimated 962 million people aged 60 years and above in 2017 and this population is rapidly increased more than twice from the last two decades. Malaysia is also expected to experience an aging population by 2020. Since the burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) continues to rise, coupled with a rapidly ageing population, it is important to assess the NCD status of the elderly. Thus, the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) was conducted in 2018 with the aim of assessing the prevalence of health status and health related issue amongst Malaysian elderly. The study consisted of several modules, including the NCDs and major NCDs risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, tobacco, physical activity and obesity. According to the NHMS, the prevalence of self-reported diabetic, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia among the elderly were 27.7%, 51.1% and 41.8% respectively. Majority of them received the drug treatment in the past two weeks and most of them sought the treatment from government facilities. Less than 0.5% of them did not seek any treatment. Meanwhile, the prevalence of NCDs risk factors such as current smokers, physical inactive and obesity were 13.3%, 29.8%, 17.6% respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of NCDs remains high amongst the elderly and the co-existence of multiple lifestyle NCD risk factors among them is a public health concern. Therefore, comprehensive health-promotion interventions and providing quality care particularly at the primary care level is important to maintain the quality of life and reduce the risks of complications.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-8,
title = {Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Malnutrition; Factors Related to Malnutrition in The Elderly},
author = {Ruhaya Salleh},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. The objectives of this survey were to determine the malnutrition and food insecurity prevalence among the elderly in Malaysia and to determine its risk factors. METHODS: Data from a cross sectional survey derived from National Health and Morbidity Survey in 2018 was used. A stratified cluster sampling design involving a total of 3977 elderly aged 60 years and above. (51.1% females; 57.6% Malays, 26.5% Chinese, 6.5% Indian and 9.4% others). A face to face interview using mobile device was used during data collection. Malnutrition was determined using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Food security was defined according to low (score 2-4) and very low food secure (score 5-6) based on the USDA Short Form Food Security Survey Module. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression model were used in the analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of food insecurity was 10.4%, and 30.8% were malnourished. The following factors were found to significantly increase the risk of malnutrition; rural strata (aOR 1.36, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.75), being single (aOR 1.47, 95%CI: 1.22, 1.77), no formal education level (aOR 2.13, 95%CI: 1.34, 3.41), low social support (aOR 2.02, 95%CI:1.55, 2.62) and presence of food insecurity (aOR 2.01 95%CI; 1.60, 2.52). CONCLUSION: A third of the Malaysian elderly was malnourished and associated with food insecurity and low socioeconomic status, being single and residing in rural areas. There is a need to promptly identify those at high risk and review the current strategy to effectively address malnutrition and food insecurity in the country.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health},
keywords = {Elderly, Food insecurity, Malaysia, Malnutrition, National Health and Morbidity Survey},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-9,
title = {The Role of Airlines in Public Health Emergencies of International Concern.},
author = {Mohammad Razin Kamarulzaman},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The International Airlines Transportation Association (IATA) reported 4.3 billion travelers, the equivalent of more than half the world’s population flew safely on 46.1 million flights in 2018. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) revealed that present trends in air transport suggest passenger numbers could double to 8.2 billion in 2037. The latest update to IATA’s 20-Year Air Passenger Forecast, shows that an increasing shift Eastwards in the center of gravity of the industry is behind the continued strong growth. The aviation industry not only moves people but has the potential of moving disease. This was proven by the recent outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003; Influenza H1N1 in 2009-2010 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-Cov) in 2012. These outbreaks not only cause loss of lives but had a global economic impact. To mitigate these risks, emergency preparedness is essential. Article 14 of the Chicago Convention provides the guidelines on preventing spread of disease by air transport. Post SARS, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) established a Cooperative Arrangement of for the prevention of Spread of Communicable Disease through Air Travel (CAPSCA) in 2006. This cooperative arrangement involves the aviation sectors and the health sectors with participation by many interested parties. The reference documents for CAPSCA are the ICAO Annexes and the World Health Organization, International Health Regulations 2005. (IHR 2005). DISCUSSION: Airlines must adhere to the policies and procedures that are established through this arrangement to prevent spread of disease.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Malaysian Airlines},
keywords = {air travellers, airlines, emergency preparedness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-10,
title = {Air Transportation and Health Challenges: When Diseases Travelled First Class},
author = {Zulkeffeli Mat Jusoh},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Everyday all over the world people boards whether the commercial airlines or private aircraft travelling to various destinations across the globe. As for 2017 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documented a record breaking 4.1 billion people waiting in line, check in and going through security check to board a plane. March 2018 posted 202, 157 commercials, cargo and personal flights that take-off and landing in a single day, the highest number in 2018 equivalent to 140 planes taking of every minute somewhere around the globe. The convenient of air travel somehow introduces great challenges to the global health especially in the control of diseases where they no longer confine to its original location and geographical demarcation. Diseases that have been eradicated decades ago in certain countries started to re-emerge once again with bigger threats due to lack of awareness and preparation. Some common diseases in one country become exotic in another part of the world due to quick passage of spread and transmission through air transportation. Both passenger and cargo aircraft have proven to be vectors of disease in that they transport humans, mosquitoes, and other insects and animals who, in turn, transmit disease. Transmission to other passengers has occurred with tuberculosis and influenza. Vectors for yellow fever, malaria, and dengue have been identified on aircraft. Passengers were also exposed to hazards of flight in the form of reduced atmospheric pressure and available oxygen, noise and vibration. These factors may predispose some passengers with limited physiological tolerance to develop certain cardiovascular, pulmonary and neuropsychiatric problems that may lead to inflight medical emergencies. CONCLUSION: Although there are numerous health issues associated with air travel, they pale in comparison to the enormous benefits to the traveller, to commerce, to international affairs, and to the public’s health.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Malaysian Armed Forces Health Services Division, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {air transportation, apcph2019, infectious disease, travelers},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-11,
title = {Aircraft Accident Investigation in Malaysia},
author = {Rosli Kolob},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Royal Malaysian Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine Kuala Lumpur (RMAF AIM) is currently the only Institution in Malaysia that caters for all aircrew medical needs in the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) and civilian agencies. RMAF IAM is also a permanent member for any air mishap in Malaysia as a Human Performance Subject Matter Expert (SME). In the wake of the disappearance of MH370 and unfortunate events involving MH17 over Ukraine Air Space, Ministry of Transport of Malaysia (MOTM) have decided to establish a team of Aviation Expert to be a part of a Malaysian Air Accident and Investigation Board (MAAIB) and where RMAIF AIM is part of it. METHODS: RMAF IAM provide expertise on Human Performance, Aviation Pathology and Human Factors performance shaping factors consisting of physiology, psychology, ergonomics, anthropometry, design, engineering, biomechanics and medicine. RESULTS: Study shows that 80% of most of the Air Mishap findings are due to Human Factors aspect while another 20% are due mechanical problems and yet the rate of accidents will never reach the pinnacle 0% as targeted due to an increasing rate of human travelling, rate of flying and sprouting new budget airlines. DISCUSSION: Effect of urbanisation will definitely have an influence on the health of the aircrew through the performance shaping factors that contribute to human factors and decrement of human performance in the cockpit. Developing correlations between public health issues and Aircraft Accident Investigation never the less still a challenge to the investigators.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Royal Malaysian Airforce Institute of Aviation Medicine, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {air mishap, apcph2019, performance shaping factors, RMAF IAM},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-12,
title = {Urbanisation and Social Determinant of Health},
author = {Rizanda Machmud},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {More than half of the global population now live in urban settings. The failure of city governments on addressing of the key social determinants of health can lead in the growth of informal settlements and slums that constitute unhealthy living and working environments. It would be impacted to issue ranging from poverty deprived urban living conditions and health vulnerability, burden of disease and communicable diseases, injuries and violence, mental health and substance abuse, noncommunicable diseases and nutritional disorders. Interventions that address the conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, and play have the greatest potential impact on people health. It means that community wide approaches aimed at improving population health. Urban development and town planning are key to creating supportive social and physical environments for health and health equity. The healthy city approach toward addressing a variety of urban health challenges is increasingly important in the context of urbanisation and globalization. A healthy city is one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential. This paper aims to describe how urbanisations impact global health, exploring issues and challenges of the urban settings as determinant of health, healthy city concept, and how the challenges of partnership across sector on implementation of healthy city in Indonesia.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia},
keywords = {community wide approaches, healthy city, partnership, poverty, social determinant of health, urbanisation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-13,
title = {Urbanisation Challenge: Conceptual Framework Alignment in Family Health Improvement- Process Needs.},
author = {Rosnah Sutan},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Rapid rate of population growth and urbanisation of a country has demand fulfilment of its requirement and adaptation to the needs. Urbanisation requires specific planning, coordination and control of its growth that call for a more holistic and comprehensive approach. It should create environments that are health promoting, aesthetically pleasing, and yielding to economic efficiency of urban systems ad population well-being. The key challenge and issue related to quality of service care deliveries has become a priority in urbanisation. Therefore, revisit the 5A’s concept and implementable of health program planning matrix for monitoring and evaluation is highly crucial. Impacts on the provision of social services and spatial organisation needs smart management as the growth in urban areas is critical for individuals and communities that put-on pressure to social activists and government. Mismatch of demand and supply to fulfil human needs well-being will faced the rise of disease burden especially related to non-communicable disease. Life course approach of family health program need to be revisited to accomplish urbanisation drive. Health seeking behaviour is the ultimate root cause need to be tackled in order to fulfil 5A’s concept of healthcare delivery. Usage of digital technology in era of industrialization 5.0 should be in place to cope with rapid population growth towards urbanisation and empowerment needs. Malaysia has reach proportion of 77 percent of population living in cities and expected to raise to 80 percent by year 2030. Population age below 15 is decreasing and the other categories is increasing due to decreasing in fertility rate. Everyone should aware urbanisation impact and starts preventing it from giving disaster due to overwhelming of emerging diseases that will eat up health economic cost. Redefining health program planning should be measured and reflect the root cause for primary intervention. Complexity of the urbanisation impact on family healthcare service delivery calls for realignment concept.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Community Health Department, Medical Faculty, UKM,},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-14,
title = {Evaluation of Health Insurance Scheme in India},
author = {Himanshu Negandhi},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {This talk is based on the paper published in Social Science \& Medicine in 2017. The paper evaluated India’s flagship health insurance programme. India launched the ‘Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana’ (RSBY) health insurance scheme for the poor in 2008. Utilising three waves (1999-2000, 2004-05 and 2011-12) of household level data from nationally representative surveys of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) (N = 346,615) and district level RSBY administrative data on enrolment, we estimated causal effects of RSBY on out-of-pocket expenditure. Using ‘difference-in-differences’ methods on households in matched districts we find that RSBY did not affect the likelihood of inpatient out-of-pocket spending, the level of inpatient out of pocket spending or catastrophic inpatient spending. We also do not find any statistically significant effect of RSBY on the level of outpatient out-of-pocket expenditure and the probability of incurring outpatient expenditure. In contrast, the likelihood of incurring any out of pocket spending (inpatient and outpatient) rose by 30% due to RSBY and was statistically significant. Although out of pocket spending levels did not change, RSBY raised household non-medical spending by 5%. Overall, the results suggest that RSBY has been ineffective in reducing the burden of out-of-pocket spending on poor households.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Indian Institute of Public Health – Delhi},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-15,
title = {Evaluation of The Impact of Primary Healthcare Enhancement Programme: Malaysia's Experience},
author = {Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff and Sheamini Sivasampu and Low Lee Lan and Thamil Arasu Saminathan and Jane Ling Miaw Yn and Mohd Shafie Ismail and Tahir Aris},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Non?communicable diseases (NCD) lead to substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. Malaysia is currently experiencing the epidemic of NCDs. In response to this challenge, an intervention package known as Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) has been designed by the Ministry of Health to improve the primary healthcare programme and service delivery related the non-communicable diseases. The intervention was piloted in 20 health clinics in Malaysia. This paper describes the evaluation of impacts of the intervention programme. METHODS: In measuring the impact of the intervention, 20 matched control health clinics were selected. The evaluation of EnPHC was divided into two types, i.e. outcome evaluation and process evaluation. The outcome evaluation was done through population-based survey and facility-based survey at the pre and post intervention. The process evaluation was done through qualitative studies on patients and healthcare providers. A difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was used to measure the effect of EnPHC interventions. RESULTS: The prevalence of screening for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia increased by 8.7%, 9.9% and 9.2% respectively. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia decreased by 17.6% and 13.7%. Based on the facility survey, the proportion of HbA1c test done among diabetes patients has increased 29% in intervention clinics. Based on process evaluation, some interventions have positive perception among the ground implementers, especially in improving patients’ NCD care management. Although patient cannot identify interventions, but they can detect changes in services, make critical appraisal and recognise its impact on their health CONCLUSION: Beneficial changes were noted in the intervention clinics in relation to NCD healthcare services. The positive outcome of this evaluation support further strengthening and scaling up of the intervention programme.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 3Institute for Health System Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 4Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {community intervention, enhanced primary healthcare, evaluation, non-communicable disease, primary healthcare intervention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-16,
title = {Usage of Recompression Therapy in Malaysia: Cases Review},
author = {Mohd Muzammil Ozair},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Recompression Therapy or Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is well established treatment modality for "the bends" or known as Decompression Illness. Few centres in Malaysia, pioneered by Malaysian Armed Forces. Usage of the therapy had been applied for chronic wound such as diabetic wound, post revascularization peripheral arterial disease and many others type of wound. Apart from that, post radiation injury patients were included and showed good relative recovery rate compared to current standard therapy. In addition, injured athletes among the serviceman had shortened their period of return to full duty with the addition of clinical Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Significant survival of victim of Hydrogen Sulphide poisoning may change the approach from adjunct to mainstream therapy. Positive impacts were seen from some other patients that suffer from burn, abscess, post graft, and sensorineural hearing loss. CONCLUSION: Malaysia may explore more in this field of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the better care of future generation.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Malaysian Armed Forces Hospital, Kota Kinabalu},
keywords = {decompression illness, Malaysian Armed Forces, recompression therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-17,
title = {Transformation of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Service in Malaysian Armed Forces},
author = {Muhd Yusof Abu Bakar},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Diving medicine practice started in Malaysia since 1960’s with a multiplace chamber left by the Royal Navy at Woodlands Naval Base, Singapore. In 1978, the Army Special Forces Training Centre at Sungai Udang Malacca received a multiplace chamber from Australia Defence Force. Until late 1996, hyperbaric chambers in Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) were only used for training and treating decompression illness. The installation of the first hospital based hyperbaric chamber in Lumut Naval Base in November 1996 has opened a new era in the practice of this relatively young field of medicine in Malaysia. For the past 20 years, diving and hyperbaric medicine in MAF has developed with procurement of more hyperbaric chambers in the medical service as well as in the navy. Changes in practice of the diving and hyperbaric medicine in MAF have indirectly influenced the development of this field in the civilian side. CONCLUSION: Nowadays, MAF Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Service play an important role in occupational health of not only the divers and submariners in the MAF, but it also benefits other working divers and recreational divers in Malaysia.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Institute of Underwater Medicine, Malaysian Armed Forces Hospital, Perak.},
keywords = {Hyperbaric Medicine, MAF, submariner},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-18,
title = {Submarine Medicine: An Advancement in Hyperbaric Speciality},
author = {Amran Amir Hamzah},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The history of Submarine Medicine began as early as in World War II. A submarine is a steel capsule which encloses submariners as they venture into a completely artificial environment beneath the surface of the ocean. Habitable space, the atmosphere, thermal habitability, the design compartment and noise are the areas of concerned in submarine medicine; the effects to the health of submariner. Malaysian Submarine Force Headquarter in Telok Sepanggar Sabah was completed on 17th August 2009 and our two Prime Ministers’ class Scorpene submarines KD TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN and KD TUN RAZAK were commissioned on 27th Jan 2009 and 5th Nov 2009 which marked the significant development of Submarine Medicine in Malaysia. RESULT: Study on US Navy submarine crew, the most common medical events among officers were respiratory illness (primarily upper respiratory infections), followed by injury, musculoskeletal, infectious diseases, symptoms and ill-defined conditions and skin problem. The most common medical conditions among NCOs were an injury, upper respiratory illness, skin problem, symptoms and ill-defined conditions, digestive disorders, infectious diseases, sensory organ problems (ear infections and eye problems), and musculoskeletal problems. The development of deep expertise in Submarine Medicine as part of Underwater Medicine in Malaysia is essential to ensure the way forward of giving the best care to our submariners. CONCLUSION: Submarine personnel selection, regular assessment for fitness to dive in submariners, potential medical consequences of submarine escape and to appreciate atmospheric considerations inside submarine are among challenges which need to be addressed and improved gradually.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Malaysian Armed Forces, Regional Hospital Kota Kinabalu},
keywords = {health, navy, submarine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-19,
title = {Ecological Study of Urban Built Environment and Hospital Admissions},
author = {Kwan Soo Chen and Rohaida Ismail and Norlen Mohamed and Nor Halizam Ismail},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study examined the associations between the urban built environmental features and the number of hospital admissions for hypertension in Kuala Lumpur. METHODS: Disease specific records of hospital admissions from year 2008 to 2016 with individual patient’s socio demography and residential postcodes were collected from the Ministry of Health Malaysia. Urban built environmental features and land use data were acquired from the Planning Department of the Kuala Lumpur City Hall. The built environmental data were then subjected to kernel density computations in ArcMap at 400m, 800m, and 1200m for walkability metrics (rail stations, bus stops, road intersections, recreational areas and undeveloped land); and 250m, 500m and 1000m for environmental pollution metrics (roads, highways, rail tracks, and industrial areas). Other included variables are land use mix, residential densities, and economy. RESULTS: Quasi-poisson regressions indicated that increased densities of bus stops at the highest intensity were consistently associated with increased number of hospital admissions for hypertension for all regression models. Conversely, increased densities of undeveloped land were associated with reduced number of hospital admissions for hypertension. Results obtained for the environmental pollution metrics were inconsistent. Among the socio-demographic groups, consistent positive associations were found for the entropy index, and bus stops; and negative associations for residential densities, rail stations, and undeveloped land across all groups. CONCLUSION: Although this is an ecological study, the initial findings pose further questions on the appropriate urban planning that will fit the local conditions to benefit health in the developing countries especially in the Southeast Asian region.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University, Japan, 2Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 3Health and Environment Department, Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Malaysia.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-20,
title = {Accelerating Ending Aids in Bangkok Metropolitan City},
author = {Thitisant Palakawong Na Ayuthaya},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Bangkok lies at the heart of Thailand’ s AIDS epidemic. The risk of infection is higher because of the dynamics of its diverse and mobile population, social networks and socioeconomic disparities. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) has made HIV one of its top health priorities. “Ending AIDS by 2030” is the goal of Bangkok’s AIDS response, and this is well-articulated in the Bangkok AIDS strategy for 2017-2030. In 2014, at a historic meeting in Paris, Bangkok was one of the cities from across the globe which committed to reach the “90-90-90” targets. Since joining the Fast-Track Cities Initiatives, Bangkok is taking the lead in scaling up proven. High-impact HIV services and strategies, and expanding testing, treatment and prevention for addressing the basic needs for key and vulnerable populations. As a result, Bangkok has demonstrated significant progress: percent of percent of people living with HIV in Bangkok who know their sero-status has increased from 66% in 2014 to 86% The second “90” has improved from 50% to 72% while the third “90” stands at over 75% in 2017. Making 90-90-90 a reality in a mega-city like Bangkok hasn’t always been easy. It requires substantial effort and strong commitment. During the past few years, BMA have lessons and know what works: 1. Using local evidence to inform programs and policy change is a critical foundation. 2. A strong partnership with community-based organizations on providing HIV services by a people-centred approach such as key Population-led HIV services 3. Bangkok is leveraging innovation as a core strategy and has become one of the first cities in Thailand to provide pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for key populations through community-led HIV services and BMA municipal public health centres 4. Utilising ICT innovations and online platforms for health promotion},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Division of AIDS, TB and STIs, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration},
keywords = {apcph2019},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-21,
title = {Healthcare Support Operation in Humanitarian Assistance: Malaysian Armed Forces Health Services (MAFHS) Experience.},
author = {Mohd Arshil Moideen},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Operational medicine is an important component of MAFHS. MAFHS has been active in providing healthcare support operation during disaster/conflict in and outside Malaysia since 1992. Operational Medicine is the healthcare provided in unconventional settings where important resources may be significantly restricted. These resources include limited supplies, expertise, time, location, or climate extremes. The application of the principles of war in planning and execution of medical missions during disaster as well as applying the principles of military logistic supply system in sustaining the medical operations in unconventional settings was proven to be very useful. The principles of suitability, distinguishability, flexibility, sustainability, acceptability and feasibility are being used regularly during planning and execution of any military medical mission. These principles coupled together with the Military Medical Appreciation Process (MMAP) has helped military health providers to cope with the challenges in operating under pressure and severe limitations by having a well thought out and well assessed medical support plan during HADR. CONCLUSION: This paper entails the deliberate planning process and systematic execution of HADR medical support missions in and outside Malaysia involving the MAFHS.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Malaysian Armed Forces Headquarters Health Services, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {HADR., Military Medical Appreciation Process, Military Medicine, Operational Medicine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-22,
title = {Field Hospital Mission for Refugees - The Ministry of Health Malaysia Experience},
author = {Badrul Hisham Abd Samad and Yuzaidi Mohamad and Asma’ Razak},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In early September 2017, Malaysia pledged to send an integrated humanitarian mission to help the Rohingya refugees sheltering in Bangladesh after fleeing alleged suppression by the Myanmar military. The Malaysian Field Hospital (MFH) mission aimed to provide secondary medical care to Rohingya refugees in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. METHODS: The MFH operational activities were recorded using daily returns and situation report (SitRep). Data were analysed weekly using Microsoft Excel Office 365 whereas an overall MFH data for the first 3-month mission under the MOH Malaysia flagship were further analysed using Epiinfo version 7.2.2.2 from the US CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. RESULTS: As of 14 February 2018, the MFH received 6,578 patients Among all cases, non-communicable diseases contributed to 59% of diseases seen followed by acute respiratory infections (25%); injuries (9%); skin diseases (3%) etc. Among inpatients (556 cases), the majority of them (82 cases or 14.7%) had acute respiratory infection (ARI) and pneumonia. The MFH recorded eight deaths between 1 December 2017 and 14 February 2018. DISCUSSION: In line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations, i.e., Goal 3: Health and Well-being, and Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals, the MOH Malaysia successfully embarked upon strategic partnership in providing acute medical care to the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh through the MFH.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1Disaster, Outbreak, Crisis \& Emergency Management Sector, Surveillance Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2Department of General Surgery, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor, 3Department of General Surgery, Sultanah Nora Ismail Hospital, Batu Pahat, Johor},
keywords = {Cox’s Bazar, Malaysian Field Hospital, Rohingya refugees},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-23,
title = {Imaret Medical Relief at Cox's Bazar: Filling the Gaps During Humanitarian Crisis},
author = {Ahmad Munawwar Helmi Salim and Jayaseelan Sekaran and Aneesa Abd Rashid and MMed},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since August 2017, more than 900,000 Rohingya refugees have fled Rakhine, Myanmar to seek refuge in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. This is the biggest refugee crisis after the world war. IMAM Response and Relief team (IMARET) responded by activating the #IMARET4Rohingya relief effort to provide medical relief to the refugees in Cox’s Bazaar. Teams of volunteer doctors were deployed every two weeks to the camps since 21st October 2017. In collaboration with a local medical Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) and the Malaysian Field Hospital (MFH), relief efforts started with mobile clinics operating at different identified areas in the camp. Subsequently, IMARET assisted in operating a designated primary healthcare clinic in the camp. It is equipped with outpatient services, treating acute and chronic diseases and maternal and child health services. IMARET Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) teams were also deployed to conduct psychosocial interventions for the refugees living in the congested camps. Apart from that, IMARET volunteer doctors also contributed their services at the Malaysia Field Hospital (MFH). In terms of public health, IMARET together with the MFH has installed five field water treatment systems at different locations in the camps. Each water treatment system can produce up to 12,500L per day of safe drinking water for the refugees. To date, IMARET has deployed 37 teams, comprising of 120 doctors and treated 80, 876 patients.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1IMARET, IMAM Response and Relief Team, Malaysia, 2Klinik Kesihatan Lintang, Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia, 3Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia},
keywords = {humanitarian, medical, refugees, relief},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-24,
title = {Going About the Everyday: Functional Limitations in The Malaysian Elderly},
author = {Nur Azna Mahmud and Norzawati Yoep and Nik Adilah Shahein and Nor Asiah Muhamad and Norhafizah Shahril and Mohd Amierul Fikri Mahmud},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Measuring the ability in performing activity daily living (ADL) and instrument activity daily living (IADL) will reflect the status of functional limitation in the elderly. Despite aging, social support and disability may cause limitation of function among the elderly. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of functional limitation among elderly. METHODS: A cross sectional study with face-to-face interview was conducted nationally. RESULT: Overall prevalence of having limitation in ADL and IADL was 17.0% and 42.9% respectively. Higher prevalence of having limitation in ADL were found among female elderly (21.2%), single elderly (25.5%), no formal education (29.5%), unemployed (20.7%) and low to fair social support (29.8%). Respondents from rural area (54.3%), female elderly(49.4%), single elderly (58.8%), no formal education (69.4%), unemployed (48.1%), household income less than RM1000 (53.2%), having visual impairment (84.0%), having hearing impairment (72.5%) and low to fair social support (58.9%) were reported to have dependency in IADL. DISSCUSSION: Support from family and community is vital in managing functional limitation in order to provide better life for the elderly. Research and development on early detection and rehabilitation of functional limitation should be one of the priorities in the elderly health management.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Activity daily living, Elderly, Functional limitation, Instrumental Activity Daily Living},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-25,
title = {Elder Abuse Among Malaysian Older Persons Residing in The Community},
author = {Rajini Sooryanarayana and Shubash Shander Ganapathy and Norazizah Ibrahim Wong and Azriman Rosman and Choo Wan Yuen and Noran Naqiah Mohd Hairi and Mohd Amierul Fikri and Nur Azna Mahmud and Nik Adilah Shahein and Mohd Aznuddin Abd Razak and Tania Robert},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Elder abuse is a known public health and social problem with serious consequences. The objectives of this study are to estimate its prevalence and correlates using data from a national level study. METHODS: A total of 3,977 older persons aged ?60 years residing in the community nationwide were interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers. Screening of 3,466 older persons for elder abuse utilising a validated tool from the National Irish Prevalence Survey on Elder Abuse was done after excluding those with probable cognitive impairment and needing assistance to answer. Those who screened positive in any one domain from psychological, financial, physical, sexual abuse or neglect, in the past 12 months, were categorised as overall elder abuse. The stratified cluster sampling design ensured national representativeness, with complex sampling analyses done. RESULTS: An estimated 9.0% of older persons in Malaysia screened positive for elder abuse. There was no significant difference by sex and strata (urban or rural). Those with poorer social support (AOR 5.0, 95%CI: 2.25, 11.22), dependency in performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (AOR 2.1, 95%CI: 1.23, 3.44) and prior history of abuse (AOR 10.1, 95%CI: 4.50, 22.86) had higher odds of experiencing elder abuse. Neglect was the commonest (7.5%, 95%CI: 5.54, 10.07). Multiple domains of abuse were reported by almost 5% of abused older persons. None however reported this to health providers, and only one to a social worker, out of the 19.3% who did report this to authorities. DISCUSSION: Elder abuse prevalence was found similar other local studies (4.5% to 9.7%), but lower than global estimates (12.8 to 19.3%). Community based programs to improve social support should be emphasized to decrease social isolation among older persons. Those with higher dependency in ADL have higher risk of experiencing elder abuse, thus supporting caregivers is an important measure to prevent elder abuse. A previous history of abuse should flag the older person for detection of elder abuse.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2Non-Communicable Disease Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 3Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya},
keywords = {elder abuse, Malaysia, National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS), neglect, older persons},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-26,
title = {Quality of Life Among the Elderly and Related Factors in Malaysia},
author = {Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip and Faizul Akmal Abdul Rahim. and Faizah Paiwai. and Hasmah Mohamed Haris. and Ahzairin Ahmad and MEnvMg and Raja Nurzatul Efah Raja Adnan. and Tan Maw Pin and MRCP},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Elderly people is susceptible to poor health outcomes that impair their quality of life (QoL). QoL among the elderly provides information on potential modifiable risk factors that affects later life well-being. This study aims to describe the QoL and related factors of older persons in Malaysia. METHODS: We used a validated instrument of the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-realization and Pleasure (CASP-19) scale that measures psychological well-being related to QoL in older persons. Scores range from 0 to 57, and higher scores indicate better QoL. We included potential variables that influence QoL such as sociodemographic, food security, functional limitation, depression scores, social networking and self-reported abuse. Data were analysed in account of sample weights using STATA 15. Linear regression analysis was used to identify psychosocial factors which influence QoL. RESULTS: 3,444 individuals aged 60 years and above completed all CASP-19 items. The estimated mean QoL score was 47.01 (95%CI: 46.30, 47.72). Adjusted for covariates, QoL continued to deteriorate with lower education, probable depression (-1.042, 95%CI: -1.212, -0.871) and food insecurity (-0.815, 95%CI: -1.083, -0.548). QoL continued to improve with improved ADL score (0.302, 95%CI: 0.052, 0.552), IADL score (0.646, 95%CI: 0.382, 0.909) and better social support (0.308, 95%CI: 0.187, 0.429). DISCUSSION: Factors that influence QoL in older Malaysian include Education, depression, food insecurity, functional status and social support. Accessibility to mental health services, active participation in social activities and food banks should be evaluated as potential interventions to enhance QoL.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 3University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.},
keywords = {CASP-19, Elderly, Factors, Quality of Life},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-27,
title = {How Do Malaysian Elderly Perceive Their Social Support?},
author = {Mohd Amierul Fikri Mahmud and Hazrin Hashim and Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad and Mohd Aznuddin Abdul Razak and Mohd Hatta Abdul Muttalip and Nor Azna Mahmud and Nor Asiah Muhamad Noran Naqiah Mohd Hairi and Claire Choo Wan Yuen},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Social support is an exchange of resources between at least two individuals which is perceived by the provider or the recipient to be intended to enhance the well- being of the recipient. This study aims to describe the perceived social support and related factors among elderly in Malaysia. METHODS: We used a validated tool, the 11-item Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) to assess perceived social support through face to face interview. Higher scores indicate better social support, where the DSSI 11-item scores range from 11 to 33. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Linear regression analysis was done to determine factors which influence perceived social support by adapting the conceptual model of social support determinants and its impact on health. RESULTS: A total of 3,959 respondents aged 60 years and above completed the DSSI. The estimated mean DSSI score was 27.65 (95%CI: 27.36, 27.95). Adjusted for confounders, the few factors found significantly associated with low social support among elderly were female gender (0.360, 95%CI: 0.157, 0.563), low income group; income below RM1000 (-0.208, 95%CI: -0.515, 0.099), low number of close friends; no close friend/person (-4.439, 95%CI: -4.908, -3.970), 1-2 close friends (-2.430, 95%CI: -2.773, -2.086), being single (-0.470, 95%CI: -0.702, -0.239), unemployed (0.276, 95%CI: 0.068, 0.484), less participation in society/religious activity; 0-1 time (-3.33, 95%CI: -3.683, -2.970), 2-5 times (-2.068, 95%CI: -2.411, -1.726), probable depression (-1.741, 95%CI: -2.141, -1.341), functional limitation (-0.468, 95%CI: -0.833,-0.102) and dependency in instrumental activities of daily living (-0.365, 95%CI: -0.624, -0.108). DISCUSSION: Sociodemographic (gender, income, marital status and occupation), social network (close friends), social involvement (society/religious activity) and personal health status are factors which influence social support in elderly. Community-empowerment programmes and special activities should be emphasized as interventions to enhance social support among the elderly.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: 1Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya},
keywords = {Duke Social Support Index, Elderly, social networking, social support},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-28,
title = {Using the Smart City Concept to Improve Urban Health},
author = {Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {A Smart City is supposed to refer to an idealised, technologically driven city with the antecedent use of big data and lots of information technology. More recently, however, we have come to accept that the Smart City is not just about using information technology or about the Internet of Things. These technologies are increasingly being recognized as just tools to achieve a Smart City and it is people who must come first in the Smart City Concept. All components of the Smart City Concept can be used to directly or indirectly improve urban health. These components range from renewable energy, healthcare infrastructure, urban vertical farming to smart homes and smart biometrics, all of which have a health component or can result in better health. These are in addition to the outbreak management of infectious diseases using smart technologies. This presentation will demonstrate how the components of a Smart City can be used to improve urban health.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, UM},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-29,
title = {Smart and Healthy Cities: Perspectives from Kuching City},
author = {Andrew Kiyu and Julin Alen},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {The world is undergoing very rapid urbanisation especially in the developing world; in Malaysia three-quarters of the population now live in urban areas. Thus, cities are growing even more important as they are our centres of commerce and innovation and the gateways to the global economy. Cities are also where problems (from the effects of climate change to rising inequality) and solutions meet. Our responses to those problems will likely succeed or fail in cities. The World Health Organization’s Healthy Cities programme which started in Europe in 1985 was one of the responses to address the ills of cities, based on the concept of the new public health. Healthy Cities seek to balance developments in the overlapping spheres of the social, economic and physical (natural and built) environments in order to achieve a sustainable health and wellbeing for its citizens. Healthy Cities impact on the health and wellbeing of its citizens by acting on the upstream determinants of health via the settings approach to health promotion. Kuching City has been part of the Healthy Cities programme since 1994. In the meantime, the ongoing digital and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has seen a shift in focus from the proliferation of communication (1970s \& 1990s) and information (1990s \& 2000s), to the extraction of knowledge from the resulting data; in other words—a shift from ‘Information Societies’ to ‘Knowledge Societies’. The Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor which was announced in 1995 was meant to leapfrog Malaysia into a knowledge society. The ICT revolution also led to the emergence of “Smart Cities” that tap into new streams of data on the state and performance of the city systems, often in real time, to make better decisions and achieve the aspirations of its residents. Specifically, smart cities use the latest in technology and connectivity to collect lots of data through instrumentation, bring these data together through integration, and then analyse the integrated data for intelligence on how to improve the city’s services and quality of life. ASEAN Member States (AMS) have established an ASEAN Smart Cities Network (ASCN) and the ASEAN Smart Cities Framework was endorsed by the ASCN on 8 July 2018. A smart city in ASEAN aims to achieve a balance between three interdependent objectives: competitive economy, sustainable environment and high quality of life. Kuching City is one of the 26 pilot ASCN cities. The two pilot smart city projects that Kuching Smart City plans to undertake are: (a) Integrated Smart Traffic Light System, and (b) Integrated Flood Management and Response System. The City is ever evolving, and many challenges need to be addressed and overcome, before the dividends of the digital revolution and smart city on health and wellbeing, can be felt.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation:},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-30,
title = {Smart City-As-A-Platform for Healthcare Services},
author = {Azman Ali},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {The topic shall introduce the concept of city-as-a-Platform that has been the mainstream discussion within TM Forum and ICT industries. The concept (or manifesto), backed by a consortium of technology partners and providers describes some of the key criteria and features of smart city that can be a common reference point by the industry players. Smart-city-as-a-platform is one of the building blocks of IR4.0 which also need to be supported by connectivity, intelligence and social revolution. Based on this framework, the readiness of healthcare sector to adopt to IR4.0 and can be measured so any gaps and challenges can be addressed by respective stakeholders. Smart City as-a-platform will drive new innovations within healthcare services and most importantly it should offer strong, sustainable ecosystems to support the digital transformation journey within Healthcare industries. This talk will highlight some of the examples of IR4.0 catalyst as well as potential services that can be deployed over the platform.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Telekom Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-31,
title = {Training of Public Health Medicine Specialist in Malaysia - the Parallel Programme},
author = {Victor CW Hoe and Ismuni Bohari},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Public Health specialist programme is one of the first postgraduate programme to be offered in a university in Malaysia. The one-year Master of Public Health (MPH) was started in the University of Malaya in 1973, with its first batch of graduate coming out in 1974. At that time the MPH is the only postgraduate qualification required for public health medicine specialist in Malaysia. As the science and art of public health evolved, the requirement has changed since then. The duration of the MPH has increased from the one year to four years to ensure that our public health medicine specialist received the adequate training. In 2008, the one-plus-three programme; i.e., one-year MPH plus three years Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) programme was introduced. The DrPH is a professional doctoral programme to train the Public Health Medicine specialist a broad knowledge of public health combined with an orientation towards applied research in the organisation and evaluation of public health programmes. The MPH-DrPH programme was the basis for the registration of Public Health Medicine Specialist with the National Specialist Registry, Malaysian Medical Council. With the ever-changing environment and the broad area that public health covers, the Ministry of Health Malaysia have proposed that another programme to be established to cater for doctors who are more applied and who are not interested in a Doctoral level programme. The College of Public Health Medicine, Academy of Medicine Malaysia will be introducing this ‘parallel programme’ to fulfil this requirement. The Public Health Medicine Specialist parallel programme will be presented and discussed.},
note = {Type: PLENARY AND SYMPOSIUM; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, WP Labuan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-32,
title = {2nd Case of MERS-CoV in Malaysia: Challenges in Public Health Response},
author = {Lim Yin Cheng and Nirmalah Subramaniam and Masitah Mohamed},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Klang District Health Office received notification of a case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) on 30th of December 2017. World Health Organization reported this as the second case of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV in Malaysia. The aim of is to highlight challenges that faced by district health office in controlling MERS-CoV outbreak. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old Malay gentleman with history of performing umrah pilgrimage was tested positive for MERS-CoV on 31st December 2017. He was discharged after 11 days of admission. Active case detection was conducted. Of the 70 close contacts identified, 36 (51%) were from the same pilgrimage, 20 (29%) were healthcare professionals, 8 (11%) were other close airline contacts and 6 (9%) were household contacts. Throat swabs were taken on 58 contacts, and all were tested negative for MERS-CoV. All contacts were put on Home Surveillance for 14 days. DISCUSSION: Our main challenge is to confine the contacts at home. Some of the contacts still performed their daily activities because food ration was not provided. In addition, the home surveilance cards were not being accepted by some of the employers. We did face challenge in taking samples for throat swabs due to limited slots given by government hospital, lack of isolation rooms and trained staffs. Certain aspects of the MERS-CoV guideline are not well-defined, such as transporting close contacts for sample taking. The existing guideline needs to be revised and updated. Despite the challenges that we faced the outbreak was well-controlled.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Klang District Health Office, Klang District Health Office, Klang District Health Office},
keywords = {apcph2019, Coronavirus, MERS-CoV, Middle east, outbreak, pilgrim},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-33,
title = {A Qualitative Study on Scheduled Substances Abuse Among the Clients of Cure and Care Clinic, Karangan, Kedah.},
author = {Ahmad Aizat Zaini and Mohd Hanif Mustafa},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Products containing scheduled substances such as psychotropic pills, cough medicines and Mitragyna Speciosa (ketum) had been frequently abused and often perceived as less threatening compared to the pandemic issue of illicit dangerous drugs use. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to qualitatively investigate the issues surrounding the abuse of products containing scheduled substances and the relationship between the abuse of these products and the illicit use of dangerous drugs among the clients in Cure and Care Clinic Karangan, Kedah. METHODS: Direct interview sessions were simultaneously held by four interviewers, involving a total of thirty clients at the Cure and Care Clinic Karangan, Kedah. Convenience sampling METHODS: was used. Interviewers were given a set of questions as reference points. Interviews were done until the data saturation point was achieved. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and the data was analysed into themes. RESULTS: The thematic analysis grouped the data into five themes, namely the factors triggering scheduled substance abuse, accessibility and affordability of the abuse scheduled substances, the types of scheduled substances abused and illicit use of dangerous drugs, dependence or habit-forming effects, and the ramification of substance addiction. Two main products containing scheduled substances; cough preparations and ketum had been identified as the popular choice for abuse among the clients. DISCUSSION: The abuse of scheduled substances plays a role in prompting the subsequent illicit use of dangerous drugs among the clients mainly due to the ease of access to the scheduled substances such as ketum and cough preparations in the market.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pharmacy Enforcement Branch, Division of Pharmaceutical Services, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Pharmacy Enforcement Branch, Division of Pharmaceutical Services, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia},
keywords = {apcph2019, cough medicine, illicit use of dangerous drugs., ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa), schedules substances abuse},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-34,
title = {An Outbreak of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Weltevreden; Cases from Kedah, Perak and Selangor After Consumption of Laksa Kebok, Kupang Baling Kedah, Malaysia on 4th October 2018},
author = {Sunita AR and Asiah A and Faridah A and Natrah MS and Wan Noraini WY and Noriah I and Mohd HZ and Zainatul E and Azhar AA and Yusoff H and Hani MH and Norhayati R},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Salmonella species is one of the bacteria under laboratory-based surveillance system in Malaysia since 2002. On 7th October 2018, notifications received on two deaths from different family were related with history of consumption of Laksa Kebok, bought at Kupang, Baling Kedah on 4th October 2018. The symptoms were described as fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain after consumptions. The assessment team were mobilized aims to verify the outbreak, describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, to identify the source and infection and implement control measures. METHODS: Active case detection was performed looking for cases who had symptoms of diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain or fever and who had consumed Laksa Kebok, Kupang Baling on 4th October 2018 onwards. We evaluated the status of hygiene and sanitation, food and water supply used. All clinical and environmental samples were sent for chemical and microbiological test. DNA fingerprinting was performed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) at National Public Health Laboratory. RESULTS: Total attack rate was 93.2% (83/89). Women were higher compared with men, mean age of cases 31 years old. Major clinical manifestation was diarrhoea (86.7%), fever (65.1%), vomiting (53.0%), abdominal pain (50.6%) and others. About 8.4% required admission. Case fatality rate 2.4%. Of 20 isolates from clinical samples, 16 isolates were identified as Salmonella Weltevreden. The PFGE results showed \>99% genetic similarity and were grouped as one cluster. CONCLUSION: Cross contamination with S. Weltevreden due to improper storage of dough Laksa, in adequate cooking temperature and insufficient time boiling of Laksa noodles possibility causing the outbreak.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Surveillance/Communicable Disease Unit, Kedah State Health Department, 2Perak State Health Department, 3National Public Health Laboratory, Sg Buluh, 4Baling District Health Office, 5Selangor State Health Department, 6Communicable Disease Division, Malaysia Ministry of Health, 7Food Safety and Quality, Kedah State Health Department},
keywords = {apcph2019, food poisoning, laksa kebok, salmonella weltevreden},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-35,
title = {Are-MER: A Rare Event of Mercury Exposure in Penang},
author = {Chua Su Peng and Mohamad Azfar Zainuddin and Mohd Ridzuan Janudin and Rafidah Md. Noor},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: All compounds of mercury are toxic especially methylmercury. Exposure to elemental mercury can cause serious adverse effects to the gastrointestinal, nervous and genitourinary system. The aim of this study is to determine the source, the aftermath and control measures of heavy metal exposure in the community. METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive case series encompassing epidemiological, environmental and laboratory investigations performed in May 2016 using interviewer-guided questionnaires on 83 subjects. RESULTS: Elemental mercury was discovered by three neighbours (index case) in an abandoned water-meter room surrounded by palm oil plantation located in Seberang Perai Utara district. The mercury was brought to a few houses in the neighbourhood and school hence, exposing 19 villagers, 61 students and staff. The most prevalent symptoms were cough (40.9%), nausea (31.8%) and dyspnoea (31.8%). Majority (60.2%) of those exposed were treated as inpatients, 24.1% as outpatients and the remaining were asymptomatic. Out of 70 patients, 8.6% tested positive for mercury in urine whereas 1.4% tested positive for mercury in blood. Chelation therapy was not indicated as the mercury positivity levels were insignificant. Decontamination procedures were carried out by Hazardous Materials Squad (HAZMAT) at all locations where elemental mercury was found. DISCUSSION: All individuals exposed to elemental mercury were diagnosed and treated. Epidemiological, environmental and laboratory investigations were conducted, and control measures were carried out. Public awareness on health risk posed by mercury exposure is still low hence health education and promotion together with strict enforcement should be implemented.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Unit Inspektorat, Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Timur Laut, Unit Kesihatan Pekerjaan dan Alam Sekitar, Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Pulau Pinang, Unit Kesihatan Keluarga, Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Pulau Pinang},
keywords = {apcph2019, exposure, Mercury, poisoning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-36,
title = {Association Between Night-Shift Work, Sleep Quality, and Health-Related Quality of Life},
author = {Lim Yin Cheng and Victor Ww Hoe and Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Night-shift work may adversely affect health. This study aimed to determine the impact of night-shift work on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and assess whether sleep quality was a mediating factor. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Malaysian manufacturing workers, aged 40 to 65 years. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demography and lifestyle factors, short Form-12v2 Health Survey (SF-12), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Baron and Kenny’s method, Sobel test and multiple mediation model with bootstrapping were used to determine whether PSQI score or its components mediated the association between night-shift work and HRQoL. RESULTS: Of the 494 participants, 177 (36%) worked night-shift and 51% were males. Mean age was 47±5 year. Night-shift work was associated with sleep impairment and HRQoL. Night-shift workers had significantly lower mean scores in all the eight SF-12 domains. Compared to non-night shift workers, night-shift workers were significantly more likely to report poorer sleep quality, longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction. Mediation analyses showed that PSQI global score mediated the association between night-shift work and HRQoL. “Subjective sleep quality” and “sleep disturbances” were mediators for the association between night shift work and physical wellbeing, whereas “sleep latency” and “daytime dysfunction” were mediators with respect to mental wellbeing. CONCLUSION: Sleep quality partially explains the association between night-shift work and poorer HRQoL. Organisations should treat the sleep quality of night-shift workers as a top priority area for action in order to improve their employees’ overall wellbeing},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Klang District Health Office, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Julius Centre University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia},
keywords = {apcph2019, night-shift, Quality of Life, shift work, sleep quality, wellbeing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-37,
title = {Association of Haze Episodes with Healthcare Utilisation Due to Haze-Related Illnesses at Public Healthcare Facilities.},
author = {Hafiz Jaafar and Marzuki Isahak and Maznah Dahlui},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Haze imposes a substantial disease burden on population especially in Southeast Asia region due to high frequency of haze episodes. Reduction of air quality level due to haze has resulted in substantial disease burden due to increase in healthcare utilisation (HU). This study aims to determine the association of haze and HU due to haze-related respiratory illnesses with a focus given on the exacerbation of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through secondary data collection of haze/non-haze episodes as the study exposures and HU related to the exacerbation of bronchial asthma and COPD as the study outcomes. Data on haze/non-haze episodes and HU for four consecutive years (2012-2015) were retrieved from Department of Environment and Ministry of Health Malaysia respectively. RESULTS: In the four consecutive years, the percentage of haze episodes recorded in all stations was higher (67%) as compared to non-haze (33%) episodes. Means (SD) of patients diagnosed with exacerbation of asthma and COPD were also significantly higher (p\<0.05) for inpatient 74(62.1) and outpatient 320(650.1) cases during haze episodes as compared to inpatient (3416.5) and outpatient 146(170.5) cases during non-haze episodes. DISCUSSIONS: Findings from this study indicated that haze episode incurred significant healthcare burden due to increase in MRU. The evidence from this study will help the policy makers to prepare and allocate resources to control future implications of haze-related illnesses.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.},
keywords = {air pollution, apcph2019, haze, healthcare utilisation, respiratory illnesses},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-38,
title = {Bed-Watcher System: Alleviating Urban Hospitals’ Crowded Beds},
author = {Nurul Iman Jamalul-lail and MBChB and Zulkarnain Abdul Karim and Ku Anis Shazura Indera Putra and Masrol Hafizal Ismail and BEC and Zurriyati Ya’kub and BCS and Mohamad Zaidan Zulkepli and M.H.Sc},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Higher patient density in urban areas lead to higher workload especially in emergency departments (ED) of public hospitals. The bed-watcher system (BWS) was an in-house development of one of the tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley (Hospital A), aimed to facilitate staff in handling patient load in ED through better bed management. This study assesses the effectiveness of BWS in improving Hospital A’s bed management. METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was used. 3-months data from BWS and hospital reports for year 2015 (pre) and 2016 (post) were used to compare Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR), Bed Turnaround Time (BTT), number of patient transfers (PT) and Discharge Time (DT). The study also conducted In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) amongst hospital staff and patients to explore their experience of bed management with BWS. RESULTS: Quantitative results showed an increase in BOR and PT from 2015 to 2016. BTT showed a reduction in performance, though DT was maintained above 90% for both years. These results imply that there was no significant improvement in Hospital A’s performance through BWS use. However, qualitative results from IDIs and FGDs indicated that BWS enhances bed management in this hospital. The staff described benefits from BWS use although issues of manpower and data quality needs to be addressed. CONCLUSION: Implementation of BWS enhances bed management in Hospital A and has potential to be scaled-up in other Ministry of Health’s hospitals.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, Setia Alam, Malaysia, Institute for Health Management, Setia Alam, Malaysia},
keywords = {apcph2019, Bed management, bed watcher system, emergency department},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-39,
title = {Body Weight, Body Weight Perception and Bullying Among Adolescents in Malaysia},
author = {Shubash Shander Ganapathy and LeeAnn Tan and Rajini Sooryanarayana and Mohd Hazrin Hashim and Thamil Arasu Saminanthan and Fazila Haryati Ahmad and Ruhaya Salleh and Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Being overweight, with body weight perception as a mediator, has been identified to be primary reasons for bullying among adolescents. This study aimed to explore the association between body weight, body weight perception and bullying among students 13 to 17 years of age in Malaysia. METHODS: A two-stage stratified cluster sampling design was used and 212 schools across Malaysia were selected for this survey. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on bullying and the student’s reflection of their body weight. Anthropometric measurements were recorded by trained research assistants. The complex sample design and weights were taken into account during all analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of being bullied among adolescents in Malaysia was 16.2%. There was a significant interaction found between body mass index (BMI) and body weight perception. Students who were obese had 74% higher odds of being bullied compared to students in the normal BMI category. Students with a normal BMI but with a body weight perception of smaller than their actual category had 68% higher odds of being bullied while students with a normal BMI but with a body weight perception of higher than their actual category had 57% higher odds of being bullied. DISCUSSION: Obesity and body image perception are both equally important modifiable factors that may help reduce the prevalence of bullying among Malaysian adolescents. Obesity prevention, together with instilling positive body weight perception, should be part of all programs directed towards tackling the problem of bullying.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Adolescent Health Survey, apcph2019, Body weight, Body weight perception, bullying, NHMS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-40,
title = {Commitment of Measles Elimination in Malaysia: Progress and Challenges},
author = {Thilaka Chinnayah and Wan Mansor Hamzah and Rohani Jahis and Intan Azura Mhd Din},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malaysia did not achieve the target for measles elimination programme (MEP) in 2018 resulting in a revised target being set for 2023. A study was conducted to determine the status of elimination and factors affecting this process. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study by reviewing a secondary data from the national web-based measles surveillance system (2006-2016), outbreak reports and vaccine coverage data at three levels of healthcare facilities (state, districts and health centres) and assessed MEP surveillance indicators for 2016.We interviewed staffs on response activities following measles outbreaks using a structured questionnaire based on “Measles Elimination Guidelines 2015”. RESULTS: Incidence of measles in 2016 was 3 per million populations with increasing trend every three years. Most affected were those aged \<15 years (76%), of whom 29% were infants. Fifty percent of cases were unvaccinated, mainly due to vaccine refusal and taking alternative medicine (47%). The state and district MCV1 coverage were above 95%. Some health centres had coverages of 75-90% (below target). Only 72% of laboratory results were available within four days of specimen receipt. Seventy eight percent of staff involved in response activities was noncompliant with the guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Low vaccine coverage at pockets and delayed laboratory results has hindered elimination and these issues are being addressed. Supplementary immunization activity targeting children below 15 years is now done in low coverage areas. We recommend follow up campaigns three yearly, strengthen health promotion, enhance staff training and better co-ordination with laboratories for early results to ensure elimination.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Johor, Jabatan Kesihatan Pulau Pinang, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Jasin},
keywords = {apcph2019, challenges, elimination, MCV, measles},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-41,
title = {Community Health Engagement and Its Outcome During Pacific Partnership Exercise - MAF Experience},
author = {Mohamed Zaki Mohamed Mokhtar},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Pacific Partnership began as a military-led humanitarian response to one of the world's most catastrophic natural disaster brought by the December 2004 Tsunami that swept through parts of South and Southeast Asia. Correspondingly in 2006 the US spearhead the inaugural Pacific Partnership mission and since then has evolved from a mission focused on direct assistance, to one that emphasizes regional resiliency, interoperability and security through disaster risk reduction engagement activities. For this, various programmes are carried out and Community Health Engagement holds an important role to bring about the best of civilian-military cooperation in preparation for any HADR efforts in Malaysia and the Indo-Pacific region in general. 2019 marks the 14th year of Pacific Partnership and the 4th year of Malaysia's participation. This study intends to give an overview of the Community Health Engagements conducted during this mission and its outcome in the Malaysian Armed Forces perspective.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Military Medical Operations, Joint Force Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {apcph2019, Community Health Engagement, HADR, Malaysian Armed Forces, Pacific Partnership},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-42,
title = {Consequences of Food Insecurity on Health, In Associated with Health Insurance and Food Assistance (Indonesia)},
author = {Ofi Ana Sari and Nachrowi Djalal Nachrowi},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The ranking of the Indonesian Human Development Index (HDI) 2017 has fallen compared to 1990. Health status is one of the dimensions of the HDI. The health degree of the Indonesian from life expectancy at birth tends to increase, but not all years are in good health. Health complaints data show that illness experiences tend to increase in the last two decades. Health problems become one of the consequences caused by food insecurity. The study aims to examine the consequences of food insecurity on health complaints and controlled by demographic and socio-economic characteristics (sex, age, area, education, drinking water, sanitation, and economic status), food assistance program, health insurance ownership and health facilities per density. METHODS: Indonesia household socio-economic survey conducted in March 2018 (1,131,195 individual samples), was analysed using multinomial logit method. RESULTS: The findings indicate that the population of moderate to severe food insecurity has a risk to experience severe health complaints more than 2 times of food secure level. The subsidized government’s health insurance owner has a lower risk of health complaints than the non-subsidized government's health insurance. Food assistance programs can reduce the probability of health complaints in moderate-severe food insecurity level group and at least junior high school graduated. The Experience severe health complaints and outpatient treatment are higher at the moderate-severe food insecurity, living in rural areas, and non-subsidized government's health insurance. DISCUSSION: Health policy needs to be mapped according to food insecurity and affordability of health facilities.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Graduate Program in the Magister Economics of Population and Labor Program, Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia},
keywords = {food assistance, Food insecurity, health, health insurance, multinomial logit},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-43,
title = {Consumption of Manjakani Among Postpartum Mothers and Risk of Heavy Metal Contamination},
author = {Normina Ahmad Bustami and Ho Yu Bin and Tan Chung Keat and Ahmad Zaharin Aris and Eugenie Tan Sin Sing},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In Malaysia, herbal medicines are used for variety of reasons including health promotion and home remedies during pregnancy and postpartum. Among the available herbs, Manjakani is one of the most commonly consumed during this period and raised concerns over possible heavy metals exposure. This study aims to determine Manjakani consumption among postpartum mothers, and its heavy metals level, namely Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As) and Chromium (Cr). METHODS: This study involves comparative questionnaire involving 106 postpartum mothers. A sample of Manjakani was collected from six districts in Kuala Lumpur (Segambut, Seputeh, Cheras, Bandar Tun Razak, Bukit Bintang and Lembah Pantai). Samples were extracted using microwave digester and analysed in triplicates, totalling 18 samples using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Non-carcinogenic health risks for herbal medicine consumption were calculated using Hazard Quotient (HQ). RESULTS: Manjakani was consumed by 16% of mothers (n=17). No significance was found between jaundice and manjakani consumption. Highest level of the metals was shown by Cr with mean concentration of 4208.5±1906 ug/kg, followed by Pb (170.8±193.2), As (39.3±27.1) and Cd (7.7±0.76). following a decreasing order of Cr\>Pb\>As\>Cd. There were no significant non-carcinogenic health risks depicting worst case scenario with Pb, As and Cd contamination (HQ\<1). CONCLUSION: Heavy metals were quantified in Manjakani which raises concerns on safety for consumption during pregnancy or postpartum period. This warrants for further investigation on other frequently consumed herbs.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UCSI University, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {heavy metals exposure, Manjakani, non-carcinogenic health risk, postpartum mothers},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-44,
title = {Determinant of Fertility in Indonesia: Analysis of 2015 Intercensal Population Survey},
author = {Tira Aswitama and Asri C. Adisasmita},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: With the success of reducing the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 5.8 to 2.6 and increasing the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) from 25.4% to 57.9% in the period of 1970-2012 (IDHS 2012), there was a change of population pyramid structure in Indonesia. Government of Indonesia is targeting to achieve a replacement level fertility of 2.1 in order to extend the window of opportunity of demographic dividend. The analysis of CPR and TFR is used in the implementation of Family Planning (FP) programs, which are divided into four quadrants of relation between TFR and CPR. The purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of fertility in Indonesia with the variation of four quadrants. METHODS: The study population is 405,508 women of reproductive age 15-49 years old, from the 2015 Intercensal Population Survey data. Analysis is using Cox Regression analysis. RESULTS: From the study, it was found that fertility was influenced by first marriage age, first birthing age, and unmet need for FP, with p-value 0.001, after controlled by influential variables. The risk of early age of first marriage and the age of first delivery to high fertility is highest in Quadrant IV followed by quadrants I, III and II. While the risk of unmet need to high fertility is highest in quadrant II, followed by quadrant III, IV and I.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Epidemiology Master Programme, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia},
keywords = {CPR, Family Planning, Fertility, Quadrant, TFR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-45,
title = {DNA Damage and Heavy Metals (Cd, As and Hg) in Hair of Malay Women},
author = {Ng Chiat Yin and Mrjan Sadat Seghayat and Normina Ahmad Bustami and Eugenie Tan Sin Sing and Farahnaz Amini},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Environmental exposure damages the DNA. Alarmingly, some environmental toxins are carcinogenic. Thus, this study aimed to associate DNA damage and concentration of heavy metals (HMs) namely Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) in hair samples of Malay women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Malay women aged 18 to 45 years old. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic data were collected. Concentration of HMs was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Meanwhile, degree of DNA damage was detected using Comet assay. Minimum 50 cells were randomly selected and scored using online software (TriTek CometScore 2.0). Levels of the DNA damage was expressed in % Tail DNA, tail moment, tail olive moment and tail intensity. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. RESULTS: Ninety participants with mean age 29.66±5.96 years and no prior occupational exposure to HMs were recruited. Mean concentrations quantified were As (0.15±0.40) ?g/kg, Hg (1.25±4.93) and Cd (7.25±4.67). The basal level of DNA strand breaks was 11.31±5.54 (%DNA in tail mean±SD). Participants of 20-23 years old had significantly higher concentration of Cd (p\<0.05). Moreover, higher Cd concentration was significantly associated with higher DNA damage among those 24-27 years old (p\<0.05). DISCUSSION: Higher concentration of Cd have been evidently reported among cancer patients in previous studies. Thus, postulating higher incidences of cancer among young age group. Focus attention should be given to identify possible source of HMs contamination among young Malay women.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics, Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {DNA Damage, Heavy Metals; Hair Scalp},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-46,
title = {Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Incidence of Four Major Cancers of Postmenopausal Women in Korea},
author = {Minjin Kang},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: To assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the occurrence of cancer in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: We used cohort dataset of Health examination DB from the National Health Insurance Service, which included 514,866 subjects from 2002 to 2013. We chose women aged 40-69 between 2002 and 2003 (n=168,043). Follow-up cancer diagnosis was carried out up until 2013. We used a nested case-control design because both groups have to match the exposure period. To adjust for any potential confounders, a propensity score matched analysis was carried out using the logistic regression model and 1:3 propensity-matched groups We used the Cox proportional regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS: There were 9,764 cases of HRT and 27,818 cases of never user between 2002 and 2003. During 11-year total follow-up period, 3,515 (9.35%) cases of primary cancer were identified. On the basis of survival analysis, we adopted the Cox proportional hazards model and found that HRT was negative associated with cancer occurrence (HR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.73, 0.88},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: NHIS Ilsan Hospital},
keywords = {cancer, hormone replacement therapy, tibolone},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-47,
title = {Effectiveness of Ovitrap Surveillance in an Urbanised Outbreak Area in Gombak.},
author = {Shreema A/P Rasiah and Nurnajayati Omar and Hasharusddin Yope Ismail and Muna Nadirah Sariff and Khairul Farizan Hussin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In Malaysia, dengue is predominantly an urban disease and Ae. aegypti is the main reported vector. Gombak is an urban district in Selangor with multiple recurring dengue outbreak ecosystem. The assessment of practicality of ovitrap as a surveillance system was studied to appraise the importance of ovitrap as an early detection tool in dengue prevention and outbreak control mechanism. METHODS: This study utilised Bandar Baru Selayang (Zon A) data, which derived from ovitrap surveillance records from February to November 2018, and all registered dengue confirmed cases from 1st January 2016 till 31st March 2019, extracted from e-dengue. Google Earth was used to map cases and Aedes sp. positive area. For ovitrap surveillance, a fixed number of 100 ovitraps were placed and analysed weekly. Preventive activities were executed each time when positive Aedes sp. identified in ovitrap. RESULT: Data was analysed using Microsoft excel. During the 40-week study, positive ovitrap with Aedes sp was identified intermittently for 28 weeks. It was noted 86% of the ovitrap placed outdoor was positive compared to only 14% placed indoor. Preventive activities implemented were able to avert cases successfully for the first 21 weeks and reduced severity of outbreak by 75% compared to same time period for 2016 and 2017. DISCUSSION: Ovitrap is an effective and promising tool in dengue surveillance provided prompt and effective preventive activities are executed.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Gombak District Health Office},
keywords = {dengue outbreak, ecosystem, Ovitrap, surveillance, urban},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-48,
title = {Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) Exposure On Communities Around Broiler Farms},
author = {Aria Gusti},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The development of broiler farm sector contributed to the air pollution in the form of odour due to the formation of hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S). This study aims to analyse the level of risk of H2S exposure in the community near broiler farms PT. Ciomas Padang. METHODS: The study used Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method. Population consists of 160 people and 66 sample respondents with accidental sampling technique. Four-point air samples taken on the settlement around broiler farms PT. Ciomas used gas sampler impinger. RESULTS: Four-point air samples were lower than odor threshold (0.0ppm or 0.027mg/m3), H2S concentration was 0.015mg/m3, 0.018 mg/m3, 0,022 mg/m3 and 0.023mg/m3. The calculation of the largest real-time intake and lifetime intake found at location C. The average real-time intake value was 0,00135 mg/kg/day and intake lifetime were 0.00406mg/kg/day. RQ value of real-time and lifetime, obtained all point of measurement has RQ\>1 which means that H2S exposure is unsafe and risk management is necessary. CONCLUSION: The required risk management by limiting safe concentration and limiting the duration of exposure. Other efforts that can be done is by adding lime and prebiotic on chicken manure to reduce the release of H2S gas and cleaning the dirt under the cage once a week.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia},
keywords = {Community, EHRA, Farm, H2S},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-49,
title = {Exploring Contributing Factors of Depression Among Inmates in a Local Prison Malaysia: A Mixed Methods Study},
author = {Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat and Gunenthira Rao},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Globally, there is a rapid increase in the prison population, and being a marginalized population put them at risk of depression. The objective of this study is to determine and explore the contributing factors of depression among adult prison inmates in a local prison. Malaysia. METHODS: A mixed methods sequential explanatory study was undertaken using the Biopsychosocial model at a medium security prison in Malaysia. In the first quantitative phase, 460 inmates were selected using the probability proportional to size using stratified random sampling. A cross-sectional data was collected using a validated and pre-tested questionnaire, which depression was screened using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify predictors using SPSS. In the follow up qualitative phase, a semi-structured interview was undertaken with 16 inmates to help explain and deepen understanding of the quantitative results. The conversations were recorded, transcribed as verbatim, and analysed using a thematic analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 40.7%. Depression was predicted by perceived having stress, longer duration of sentences, being non-Muslim, presence of communicable disease, and history of childhood abuse. Qualitative phase explained that accessibility, stigma, dissatisfaction, inadequate social support, perceived misjudgement, the uncertainty of future, and internal states including guilt, shame, and regret as a contributing factor of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Study showed a high prevalence of depression among inmates. There is a need for more significant investment in strengthening mental health services, improvement in the prison environment, and the criminal justice system.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Adult, Depression, Inmates, Prison},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-50,
title = {Factors Associated with Incomplete Immunisation Among Under-5 Children in Central Zone of Sarawak},
author = {Suzalinna Sulaiman and Razitasham Safi},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vaccine preventable disease (VPD) is still a public health issue in Malaysia. Despite high immunisation coverage, children aged less than five years old are still at risk of contracting the disease. In Sarawak, there are “pockets” of under immunised population marked by immunisation coverage less than 95%. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted on under five children in central zone of Sarawak. Data was collected by face to face interview using interviewer administered questionnaire. Data on anthropometry, medical and immunisation records were obtained through children under seven health books. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine the association between immunisation coverage with independent variables. Analysis was done by IBM SPSS version 22.0. A p\<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Overall complete immunisation coverage in central zone was high at 95.3%. Only 4.5% of the children were incompletely immunised, and 0.2% were unimmunised. Older children (Adj. OR:1.037, 95%CI: 1.011, 1.063, p\<0.001), history of hospitalisation [(Adj. OR:2.541, 95%CI: 1.341, 4.815)},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak},
keywords = {childhood immunisation, coverage, Sarawak},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-51,
title = {Factors Associated with the Incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome in Bank Officers},
author = {Nopriadi},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a collection of compound eye symptoms due to using a computer. This study aimed to determine factors associated with CVS. METHODS: This type of study was quantitative observational with cross-sectional design with amount of sample 117 respondents. Data analysis used was univariate, chi-square used for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression used for multivariate analysis. RESULT: The Prevalence of Bank RK officers who experienced CVS complaints were in the forms of tired and tense eyes at 54.3%, neck pain at 28.7%, shoulder pain at 27.7%, headache at 25.5%, blurred vision at 20.2%, seeing twins at 17%, watery eyes and difficulty to focus at 14.9%, back pain at 11.7%, sore eyes, irritation pain at 5.3%. Based on the bivariate analysis, variables related to CVS were vision distance (p=0.016), monitor position (p=0.011), lighting (p=0.001), working period (p=0.002), the length of work (p\<0.001). Variables not related to CVS was age (p=0.561). Based on the multiple logistic regression, length of work was the dominant factor that caused CVS (POR:9.7). DISCUSSION: This study indicates that the most dominant factor influential to CVS is the length of work, while other factors acted as confounding. This study suggests the officers to do the 20-20-20 METHODS: every hour, stretching, lighting settings and work station ergonomics according to standards.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Andalas University},
keywords = {Computer Vision Syndrome, length of work},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-52,
title = {Factors Contributing Unsuccessful Treatment of Tuberculosis Patients in Raub District},
author = {Shamsaini Shamsuddin and Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin and Ahmad Shafie and Nur Shairah Badrul Hisham and Mohamad Ikhwan Amin Ibrahim and Ahmad Syahrem Mat Nasir},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is listed among the top ten causes of death worldwide. Identifying factors that contribute to unsuccessful treatment could help healthcare workers to recognize problems, assess the risks, predict the diagnosis and it could potentially help prevent treatment failures. Unsuccessful treatment includes death, defaulted and failed treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the contributing factors for unsuccessful treatment. 152 patients registered in the MyTB system from year 2015 until 2017 in Raub district, Pahang were analysed. RESULTS: Among 152 patients analysed, 101 (66.4%) were males and 51 (33.6%) were females. The treatment success rate was 77.0% and the unsuccessful rate was 23.0%. Amidst the unsuccessfully treated, 20.4% were due to the death of the patients, while the other 2.6% defaulted their treatment. Univariate analysis showed that unsuccessful TB treatment has statistically significant association between age (p=0.002), education (p=0.038), cigarette smoker (p=0.018), TB-HIV status (p=0.014), diabetic status (p=0.050), DOTs supervision (p=0.012) and re-treatment cases (p=0.010). However, multivariate analysis showed the potential factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome were age above 60 years old (aOR: 4.958; 95%CI: 2.035, 12.080; p=0.001), cigarette smoker (aOR: 4.251; 95%CI: 1.681, 10.749; p=0.002) and unknown HIV status (aOR:11.416; 95%CI: 2.357, 56.004; p=0.003). DISCUSSION: The factors contributing to the unsuccessful treatment in Raub district were elderlies, cigarette smokers and unknown HIV status.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Raub},
keywords = {failure, TB, treatment, tuberculosis, unsuccessful},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-53,
title = {Family Satisfaction On Chemotherapy Services in West Sumatera, Indonesia},
author = {Dwi Novrianda.. and Hermalinda.. and Harlina Pratiwi Hapsari.},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Satisfaction with chemotherapy services can affect patient behavior and treatment outcomes. Patients and families often fail to express their problems and anxieties when they are dissatisfied with the attitudes of health workers, so doctors or nurses often do not realize whether patients and families are satisfied with the services provided. This study aims to describe the satisfaction of families who have children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy services. METHODS: A Descriptive study was conducted at the Midwifery and Child Inpatient Installation, Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang from September 2018 to February 2019. The study sample was 47 parents who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia children taken by consecutive sampling. Data collection used the FamCare Scale Questionnaire with r values of 0.434-0.727 and Cronbach alpha \>0.913. RESULTS: Approximately 61.7% were mothers and 38.3% were fathers, 61.7% were over 35 years old (late adulthood) and 66% were high school education. Most respondents (63.8%) expressed satisfaction with the chemotherapy service received. DISCUSSION: Doctors and nurses should be able to improve their communication skills in providing chemotherapy services through training held by hospitals so that the process of providing services is better. Furthermore, attention needs to be paid to aspects of cleanliness, tidiness and the comfort of the chemotherapy room and the provision of special rooms for child chemotherapy and the handling of long waiting times.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Faculty of Nursing Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia, Dr. Achmad Mochtar Hospital, Bukittinggi, Indonesia},
keywords = {communication skills, doctors, hospital room, nurses},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-54,
title = {Fast Food Consumption Among Adolescent and Its Related Factors: Findings from NHMS Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017},
author = {Ruhaya Salleh},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Fast food consumption is increasing among adolescents. Fast food is generally favoured due to its easy availability despite of its high calorie with high salt and sugar content. This study aims to determine the prevalence of fast food consumption among adolescents in Malaysia and its associated factors. METHODS: Data was derived from the Adolescents Nutrition Survey (ANS) 2017, a cross sectional study using a two-stage stratified random sampling design. RESULTS: This study found that 86.9% of the adolescents in Malaysia consumed fast food. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that Chinese adolescents had significantly lower odds to consume fast food (aOR 0.32, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.39), and those with overweight or obese BMI (aOR 1.27, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.54) had higher odds of consuming fast food compared to underweight adolescents. Adolescent who eat outside (aOR 5.14, 95%CI: 4.58, 5.76) and also had a habit of snacking (aOR 4.19, 95%CI: 3.59, 4.91) significantly higher odds of consuming fast food. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of fast food consumption among adolescents is very high. Efforts need to be taken to educate adolescents regarding healthy eating. Prompt actions also need to be taken with regards to laws and regulations associated with advertising and marketing of fast food for adolescents.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health},
keywords = {adolescent, fast food, Malaysia, NHMS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-55,
title = {Forecasting Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Cases Using Weather Variables and Google Search Queries in Sabah, Malaysia},
author = {Vivek Jason Jayaraj and Victor CW Hoe},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change and population dynamics have been postulated as driving hand-food and mouth disease (HFMD) transmission. This study aims to develop a forecasting tool utilising climatic predictors and internet search queries in developing preventive strategies that would alleviate the burden of HFMD in Sabah. METHODS: Nine years of data was collected, consisting of temperature, humidity and rainfall from the Malaysia meteorological department, HFMD cases from the Sabah State Health Department and internet search queries from Google trends of years 2010-2018. Correlations between dependent and independent variables and their lagged functions were executed and integrated into a Seasonal auto-regressive moving average (SARIMA) model and subsequently, in measuring fit, the Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) and log-likelihood metrics were utilised to select the best model. All statistical analysis was carried out using R. RESULTS: Google search trends evinced moderate positive correlations to HFMD cases (r0-6weeks: 0.47-0.56) with temperature revealing weaker positive correlations (r0-3weeks: 0.17-0.22). The autocorrelation functions revealed moderately positive correlations (r=0.15-1.0) at lags of zero and five weeks. Fit and parsimony were prioritised in selection, with a single model integrating mean temperature at lag zero-week and google search trends at lag one-week producing best fit (AIC: 4077.22, log-likelihood: -2030.61). DISCUSSION: Trajectorial forecasting oscillations of the model are stable up to four weeks in advance with accuracy being highest at one and two weeks justifying it as a low-cost, time-sensitive tool to be used in outbreak preparedness and mitigation. However, the model still requires validation and will carried out in the near future.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health-UM, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya},
keywords = {ARIMA, Coxsackie, EV71, google trends, prediction model, weather},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-56,
title = {Geospatial Assessment of Food Outlets and Facilities for Physical Activity as Components of Obesogenic Environment Surrounding Malaysian Adolescents},
author = {Nadrah Arfizah Arifin and Rosilawati Zainol and Hazreen Abdul Majid},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Obesogenic environment is identified as an exposure to develop NCD where food intake and physical activity patterns are the shared contributing factors for NCD as early as in adolescence life. This study aimed to determine the association between exposure to surrounding food outlets and physical activity (PA) facilities as the components in obesogenic environment, with obesity profiles among Malaysian adolescents based on residential settings. METHODS: This ecological study was conducted as a part of the Malaysian Health and Adolescent Longitudinal Research team (MyHeART) and involved 1032 students aged 17 years old from 14 schools in three states of Peninsular Malaysia in 2016. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical profiles were taken from the participants. Extensive search combining characteristic observation and ground truth verification methods was conducted to locate food outlets and PA facilities surrounding each school. All results were analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistical Version 23 and ArcGIS 10.3.1 for geographical data. RESULTS: Overweight/obesity rate was 33% among the adolescents with significant spending on food outlets within schools and less time for physical activity. 340 food outlets and 93 PA facilities were mapped into geographical information system. Spatial analysis showed that food outlets selling high energy density food and less vegetables/fruits could be found nearer to schools, while clusters of PA facilities were very dependent on residential settings. DISCUSSION: The findings may assist in improvement of current policies for food environment and physical activity for school-going adolescents through understanding of potential environmental factors that lead to obesity among adolescents.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {adolescent health, food outlets, obesity, obesogenic environment, physical activity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-57,
title = {Glycaemic Control and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Across Public Health Clinics in Kedah},
author = {Sharifah Saffinas Syed Soffian},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia has increased over past decade, from 11.6% to 17.5%, which incur additional cost of MYR4.5 to 7.7 million annually. Generally, glycaemic control (HbA1c) of ?6.5% is recommended. In US, 34.1% T2DM patients with HbA1c level ?7%. Non-adherence to treatment ranging from 7-64% worldwide causing diabetes difficult to manage. Kedah has the highest prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia based on findings from NHMS 2015. This study aimed to examine the glycaemic control and management of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) across all the 58 public health clinics in Kedah, Malaysia. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross sectional study whereby, the data was obtained from the National Diabetes Registry, with patients selected using stratified random sampling. RESULTS: Of the 23,577 patients followed up at the clinics during August 2016 and July 2017, only 15.6% had a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) level \<6.5%. Meanwhile, 28.6% of them did not have their HbA1C levels tested over the 12-month period. While retinopathy appeared as the most prevalent diabetes-related complication (12.6%), combination treatment (?2 antidiabetic medications) was not used in nearly 30% of the patients with a HbA1C of 7.5-10.0%. Insulin therapy was also only given to 60.5% of those with a HbA1C\>10.0%. DISCUSSION: Overall, the current management of T2DM patients at the primary care level in Kedah has been inadequate and warrants a revision.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kedah State Health Department, Malaysia},
keywords = {Hypoglycaemic agents, insulin, Malaysia, primary health care, type 2 diabetes mellitus},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-58,
title = {Health Among Workers: The Relationship Between Job and Obesity},
author = {Steffi Riahta Sembiring},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In 2018, the prevalence of obesity in Indonesian adult population was 21.8 percent; doubled compared to the past ten years. Several studies have shown that occupational factors can influence the incidence of obesity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the job and the incidence of obesity in workers. METHODS: This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2014. The unit of analysis in this study is workers aged 18 years and over, for women not in a state of pregnancy. The inferential analysis is done using logistic regression. RESULTS: There is an association between job sectors and the incidence of obesity in workers. Service sector workers are 2.1 times more at risk of obesity when compared to agricultural sector workers, while industrial sector workers are 1.3 times more at risk of obesity compared to agricultural sector workers. Variables of gender, age, education level, and marital status are factors that together increase the risk of obesity in workers. DISCUSSION: Therefore, the role of the company/workplace is needed in maintaining health and reducing the possibility of obesity in workers.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: University of Indonesia},
keywords = {IFLS, job sectors, obesity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-59,
title = {Health Risk Attributed by Air Pollution in Klang Valley},
author = {Safuraa Ab Latif and Eugenie Tan Sin Sing and Tan Chung Keat},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Outdoor air pollution has become major health concern in every country, especially in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the air quality and its association with health risk among population in Klang Valley. METHODS: Outdoor air quality was obtained by secondary data provided by Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE). Cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2018 and health risk was assessed using Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS: API data obtained from April 2017 until March 2018 showed that only 3.8% of the weeks having moderate air quality, which ranged 51-100, the remaining weeks were at healthy level. 266 participants were being recruited in this study with a mean (SD) age 32.5 (9.75), 26.3% were males and 73.7% females. HIT-6 scoring and sleep efficiency difficulty were found to be significantly associated (p\<0.05) with industrial area along the journal to workplace, majority of participant who doesn’t travel through industrial area reported to have little to no impact of headache on life (50%) and no problem in falling asleep in night (41%). Three factors were found to be significantly associated (p\<0.05) with disturbance of sleep, namely frequency of wearing mask, mode of transportation and route to workplace. Similarly, depression level also found to be significantly associated (p\<0.05) with the factors mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Health risk attributed by air pollution can be reduced by modifying the frequency of wearing mask, mode of transportation and route to workplace.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {air quality, Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), klang valley, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-60,
title = {Heavy Metals in Angelicae Sinesis (Danggui) Consumed by Postpartum Mothers and Its Health Risk},
author = {Eugenie Tan Sin Sing and Normina Ahmad Bustami and Ho Yu Bin and Tan Chung Keat and Ahmad Zaharin Aris},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Consumption of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHMs) have escalated globally. They are preferred treatment for minor diseases or disorders. In Malaysia, CHMs are common home remedies during pregnancy and postpartum. Angelicae Sinesis (Danggui) is a staple CHMs during postpartum for purpose of nourishing blood and resolving stasis. Concerns are raised over possible heavy metals toxicity. Thus, this study aims to determine danggui consumption among postpartum mothers and its heavy metals concentrations, namely Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As) and Chromium (Cr). METHODS: This is a cross sectional questionnaire study involving 147 postpartum mothers. Samples were collected from nine districts in Kuala Lumpur (Segambut, Seputeh, Cheras, Kepong, Bandar Tun Razak, Titiwangsa, Setiawangsa, Batu and Lembah Pantai). Then, they were extracted using microwave digester and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in triplicates; totalling 27 samples. Non-carcinogenic health risks for herbal medicine consumption were calculated using Hazard Quotient (HQ). RESULTS: Danggui was consumed by 10.1% of mothers (n=15). Among them, incidence of jaundice was 73.3% and need for phototherapy was 46.7%. Heavy metals contaminations were found in the decreasing order of Cr\>As\>Pb\>Cd with median(interquartile) of 3996.3 (2805.6) ?g/kg, 128.3(56.7), 98.6(99.1) and 37.0(35.0) respectively. Only As had significant non-carcinogenic health risks in worst case scenario with HQ\>1 eliciting possible adverse health effect. As is a confirmed human carcinogen and can induce skin, lung and bladder cancer. CONCLUSION: Alarming concentrations of heavy metals were quantified in danggui warranting for further investigation to safeguard health of postpartum mothers.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {Angelicae Sinesis (Danggui), heavy metals exposure, non-carcinogenic health risk, postpartum mothers},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-61,
title = {High Screen Time Among Under-5 Children: Associated Factors},
author = {Diana Raj and Norliza Ahmad and Nor Afiah Mohd Zukefli and Zalilah Mohd Shariff},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: High screen time is a health risk behaviour that develops during the early years, and once established tends to remain stable in to middle childhood causing physical, psycho-social and development problems. National data shows that 52.2 % of Malaysian children under-5 had exceeded screen time recommendations. However, little is known about the factors influencing screen time in this age group. This study aims at describing the factors associated with high screen time among under-5 children. METHODS: A cross sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted among 489 parent-child dyad attending child health clinics in Petaling, Selangor in May 2019. RESULTS: Prevalence of high screen time among under 5 children was 91.4% with a median of 3.00±3.68hours. Malay children had significantly higher odds of high screen time compared with other ethnicities. Parental screen time of \>2hours a day (aOR: 2.42; 95%CI: 1.24, 4.73), Parents aged above 30 (aOR: 3.12; 95%CI: 1.58, 6.16), Parents lower self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (aOR:2.29; 95%CI: 1.01, 5.20) and parental perception on influence of screen time on child’s cognitive well-being (aOR: 1.152; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.32) were all positive predictors of their child’s screen time. DISCUSSION: A significant proportion of high screen time among children under 5 was explained by parental factors. Interventions that aim to foster healthy screen time habits may be most effective when targeting parents.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia},
keywords = {associated factors, High screen time, under-5},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-62,
title = {HIV Among Gay Men in Malaysia: from Integrated Bio-Behavioural Survey 2014},
author = {Noor Aliza Lodz},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: HIV cases are high among the gay or known as men having sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study is to describe the socio-demographic and sexual behaviours of MSM in Malaysia and also to determine the prevalence of HIV among them. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2014 and March 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Johor, Penang and Sabah. The total sample recruited was 531 respondents using respondent-driven sampling METHODS: (RDS). Descriptive analyses were done using SPSS. RESULTS: Majority of MSM (47.8%) were less than 24 years old with median age of 25. 44.8% were Malays, unmarried (89.8%) and 4.9% were married to woman. 60% of the MSM have attained at least secondary school and 70.6% were employed. The median age of anal sex debut was 17 years old and the median duration of risk behaviour was 7 years. More than half of the respondents (55.3%) reported they have permanent partners, in which, 43.0% were male sexual partners, 11.6% female sexual partners and 2.6% transgender partners. As for condom and substance use, 56.7% reported they used condom during last anal sex. 38.7% reported they consumed alcohol and 19.3% used syabu before sex. 40.9% had HIV test in the last 12 months and 47.9% have adequate awareness on HIV. The prevalence of HIV among the MSM was 8.9% in Malaysia. DISCUSSION: HIV prevention efforts and enforcement on sexual education and awareness need to scale up to reduce the prevalence of HIV especially among the young people.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institut Kesihatan Umum},
keywords = {Integrated Bio-behavioural Survey, Malaysia, MSM},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-63,
title = {Household Food Insecurity and Its Determinants in the Rural Area of Central River Region, Gambia},
author = {Wuyeh Drammeh and Rohana Abdul Jalil and Noor Aman Hamid and Baba Njie},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Food insecurity is a major challenge for rural households in the Central River Region. However, little is known about its determinant’s factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting household food security. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 334 households who have been recruited through multistage random sampling in Gambia. Women, as a proxy to the household, consented for the study were then interviewed the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 24 and multiple logistic regression was conducted. RESULT: 334 households were included in this study. Three-quarters of the households (73.4%) were food insecure,9.0% households mildly food insecure, 14.1% moderately food insecure and 50.3% severely food insecure. Female household headed (aOR: 4.8, 95%CI: 1.01, 5.84), household size of ?7 members (aOR: 4.5, 95%CI: 1.18, 5.92), household income (aOR: 14.8, 95%CI: 3.74, 15.67), absence of livestock (aOR: 3.42, 95%CI: 1.21, 4.85), women’s occupation (aOR: 10.5, 95%CI: 1.31, 14.47), spouse’s occupation (aOR: 4.55, 95%CI: 2.08, 9.75), lack of financial assistance (aOR: 2.42, 95%CI:1.03, 5.67) and lack of market access to food (aOR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.18, 4.10), were factors associated with household food insecurity. DISCUSSION: This current study found that there was a high prevalence of household food insecurity in Central River Region, Gambia. Future studies are needed to provide evidence in another region of Gambia in order to generate policy so that measures are taken against this food insecurity problem.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, National Nutrition Agency (NaNA), Bakau, Gambia},
keywords = {Food insecurity, Gambia, prevalence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-64,
title = {Household Health-Related Expenditure and Poverty Impact of Chronic Hepatitis C Disease: Evidence from Malaysia},
author = {Amirah Azzeri and Fatiha Hana Shabaruddin and Rosmawati Mohamed and Maznah Dahlui},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can incur high out-of-pocket (OOP) health-related expenditure, which may result in impoverishment. METHODS: This study aimed to describe the annual OOP expenditure among patients with various HCV-related disease states (non-cirrhotic chronic infection, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and liver carcinoma) and the poverty impact following healthcare expenditure. This study was conducted in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) through face-to-face interviews. Data on various household OOP expenditure related to clinical management of HCV disease states were gathered. Poverty impact was calculated as difference in poverty headcount and poverty gap before and after disease-related healthcare expenditures. RESULTS: The mean (SD) annual OOP expenditure for the studied households(n=135) was RM 5892(10405). The highest mean (SD) annual OOP expenditure was by patients with liver carcinoma at RM10172(16041) and the lowest expenditure was by patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection at RM1811(2504). The four main drivers for OOP expenditures were traditional and complementary medicine, antiviral treatment, clinical procedures and hospitalisation. OOP expenditures caused 18(13.3%) households to experience impoverishment. The income shortfall below the national poverty line was RM7054. DISCUSSION: Patients with advanced HCV-related disease states had higher health-related expenditure compared to those with early disease states, with OOP expenditure leading to impoverishment in a number of households. As this study was conducted in UMMC the charges can be higher than other public hospitals and reflected in the findings. These findings can be useful to inform future policies to minimise the financial impact of chronic HCV disease on the patients and their households.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {hepatitis C, household expenditure, Malaysia, Out-of-pocket (OOP), poverty impact},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-65,
title = {How Do We Conduct Measles Supplementary Immunization Activities? Experience of Titiwangsa Health Office, Kuala Lumpur},
author = {Aida Mohd Azlan and Roslaili Khairudin and Nor Maizura Haron and Saiful Affiezal Saidina Ali and DKP and Misliza Ahmad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) are vaccination campaigns that supplement routine vaccination programs to ensure high levels of immunisation coverage. The incidence of Measles in Titiwangsa has risen from 29 cases in 2016 to 51 in 2017. In 2018, a total of 61 positive measles cases were detected. To combat the rising number of cases, SIAs were piloted in Titiwangsa Health Office. It was conducted for six months period from September 2018 to Mac 2019 among children aged 6 months to less than seven years old in the areas identified with Measles Risk Assessment above 50%. Monovalent measles supplementary vaccination was given via three approaches namely (1) health clinics, (2) door to door, and (3) kindergarten and pre-school. Health clinic strategy considered children who came to the maternal and child health clinic for routine check-up and vaccination. Door to door strategy targeted the high-risk localities for measles includes cluster or outbreak areas, and high population density of foreigners and anti-vaccination groups. Community leaders were approached, and children surveys were conducted prior to SIAs. For kindergarten and pre-school strategy, all kindergarten or pre-school teachers were explained regarding the SIAs and consent forms were distributed beforehand. The vaccination was given to the children at kindergartens or pre-schools by our designated teams. SWOT analysis was done to identify the strengths and limitations of each strategy. The SIAs benefited the Titiwangsa Health Office by successfully reduced the number of measles cases as well as improved the immunisation coverage, especially in high-risk areas.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Titiwangsa, Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur,},
keywords = {measles, measles vaccine, Supplementary Immunisation Activities, Titiwangsa Health Office},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-66,
title = {Human Brucellosis in Klang District: A Missing Chain},
author = {Nur Fadhilah Mohd Razib and Faridah Kusnin and Nirmalah Subramaniam and Nor Hazelin Idris and Joyce Puyang Ukung and Adi Shairazi Sahdan},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Brucellosis is the most widespread zoonosis that has important social and economic impact to the country. However, human brucellosis has been one of the most neglected disease. There are a knowledge and skill gap for diagnosis and a fragmented intervention measure for control and prevention by stakeholders. METHODS: A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted, including laboratory investigation. Data from investigation and laboratory results were reviewed and analysed. Conclusion was made of the possible risk and source of transmission of human brucellosis. RESULTS: A human brucellosis outbreak has been occurred among eight persons, having drink improper pasteurized goat milk from Farm M situated in Klang District in 2018 without related to occupational exposure. All seven cases detected through notifications from hospital and one through active case detection. A total of four cases (50.0%) were from Klang, three from Petaling (37.5%) and one from Sepang (12.5%), aged between 4 to 39 years old. The main symptoms include prolonged fever, body ache and headache. Epidemiological linkage and laboratory results have been proven that all cases and a focus of goats with positive Brucella were from farm M. A joint investigation between Communicable Disease Control Unit, Food Safety and Quality Unit and Veterinary Department was carried out and control and prevention measures taken. DISCUSSION: Human Brucellosis can be prevented effectively by elimination of animal reservoir, enforcement of Food Act 1983 and disclose a knowledge gap of better diagnostic tools and vaccines. These need a close collaboration between health department, veterinary department and local authorities.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Diseases Control Unit, Klang District Health Office},
keywords = {brucellosis, enforcement, human, intervention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-67,
title = {Impact of Climate Change on Riverine Flooding of Healthcare Facilities in Peninsular Malaysia},
author = {Bala M Sundram and Rafiza Shaharudin and Kamesh Rajendran and Nadia Mohammed and Anis S Kamarudin and Norlen M and Rohaida Ismail and Thahirahtul A Zakaria and Nor Bizura A Hamid and Mohd Y Kuman and Mohd Zaki M Amin and Marini M Ideris and Nurul Huda M A},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Climate change will increase the magnitude and frequency of extreme weather events and create risks that will impact health care facilities. Health care facilities (HCF) will need to assess climate change risks and adopt adaptive management strategies to be resilient. This study aims to project and identify HCF prone for riverine flooding due to climate change. METHODS: The HCFs were categorised as Community Health Clinics (CHCs), Primary Health Clinics (PHCs) and Hospitals. Projection of the 15 most vulnerable river basins in Peninsular Malaysia was done based on IPCCC SRES-AR4 and Regional Hydroclimate Model of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 1268 CHCs, 520 PHCs and 82 Hospitals were included in this study. HCFs in Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan were excluded. The current (baseline) and future flood assessments of 2030 and 2050 were carried out based on 100-year Return Period. RESULTS: At Baseline, 108 CHCs, 25 PHCs and two hospitals were projected to be flooded under the current flood modelling simulations. Flood projections at 2030 estimated 217 CHCs, 27 PHCs and three Hospitals being affected. There was an increase in the affected HCFs to 215 CHCs, 67 PHCs and 11 Hospitals in the future flood assessment at 2050, at various ranges of flood depth levels (FDL). DISCUSSION: Many HCFs have not been designed with extreme weather events like riverine flooding in consideration. This study enables stakeholders to assess vulnerability of flooding and plan adaptation measures in anticipation of the impact of climate change on riverine flooding affecting HCFs in Malaysia.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), Complex E, Federal Government Administration Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Selangor, Malaysia, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Civil Engineering, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.},
keywords = {health care facility; climate change; modelling; riverine flooding; adaptation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-68,
title = {Improving Public Health Through Melaka Healthy and Green City Initiatives: Review of 5-Years City Approach.},
author = {Normazura Mustapa and Rohaida Ismail and Anis Salwa Kamarudin and Siti Sara Yaakob and Shahida Ismail},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Melaka is one the fast-growing cities in Malaysia; rapid urbanisation leads to economic, social and physical environment changes. ‘Melaka Maju 2010’ was declared by state government following enhanced understandings on urbanisation challenges and opportunities. This paper is aimed to describe Melaka Initiatives in achieving a liveable, clean and green environment, and review public health improvement within 5-years evidence of achievement. METHODS: We did a narrative review based on ten-related documents about Melaka Initiatives of Healthy and Green City. Trend of selected diseases related with healthy and clean environment also being reviewed to emphasis the relationship. RESULTS: Nine programmes for Melaka Initiatives of Healthy and Green City were emerged in ensuring sustainability and achieving healthy city goals. Smart partnership concepts between government agencies and various stakeholders including local populations had support the momentum of approach. The programmes are Smart LED and Smart Meter Programme, Melaka Green Seal, 100 Resilience Cities, Melaka World Solar Plant, Green Information Communication Technology, Green Neighbourhood Gardening, Energy Performance Certificate, Bio-degradable Bag Programme. Co-benefits of such programmes were not only related to environmental impacts, also extended towards public health. Effects of clean environment towards vector borne diseases; review of 5-years median dengue cases showed decreasing trend. In addition, the convenience of pedestrian and cycling facilities, parks and playing fields, hence the propensity to take healthy exercise, therefore improving in non-communicable risks. CONCLUSION: The approaches and transitions to Melaka Healthy and Green City in 5-years had supported the economic, social and health of its populations.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Division, Melaka State Health Department, Melaka, Malaysia, Pasir Mas District Health Office, Kelantan, Malaysia, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Public Health Division, Selangor State Health Department, Shah Alam, Malaysia, Public Health Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {green initiative, healthy city, public health, urban health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-69,
title = {Is Malaria Knowlesi Really Confined Only at Rural Community?},
author = {Megat Hasan Megat Mazhar Khair and Fadzilah Abdullah and Jenn Zhueng Tam},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic malaria that could infect between macaques and humans. The parasite is transmitted by a group of mosquitos that belongs to Anopheles group. Even though the number of human malaria cases in Malaysia has been significantly reduced for the past few decades, the emerging of this zoonotic malaria has become one of public health concern. The main natural hosts for this zoonotic malaria are long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). Conventionally, many of this zoonotic malaria cases are reported from rural area. However, as human activities expand with urbanisation and deforestation, these macaques migrate and inhabit areas that are also inhabited by the humans. This ultimately leads to transmissions of Plasmodium knowlesi. Outbreaks of zoonotic malaria infection suggest the human-macaques interaction maybe closer than conventionally described. This is evidenced by two zoonotic malaria outbreaks that have occurred in an endemic area of Tampin District, Negeri Sembilan on two separate outbreaks in the same year. Enforcement activities too have led to the discovery of macaque being kept illegally in a populated housing premise. This article serves as an eye opener to public health sector on the epidemiology of emerging zoonotic malaria cases in urban areas.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {macaque, malaria, Negeri Sembilan, Plasmodium knowlesi, zoonosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-70,
title = {Joint Effects of Serum Zinc with Red Meat Intake and Obesity on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study},
author = {Azmawati Mohammed Nawi},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High red meat intake, obesity and low level of zinc have been reportedly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The aim of the present study was to explore the interaction between serum zinc with red meat intake and obesity on CRC risk. METHODS: Patients with CRC and the controls were recruited for the information on red meat intake, body mass index and blood sample. The serum samples of 204 patients of CRC and controls were analysed for Al, Zn and Co using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). Multiplicative interaction was assessed through a cross-product interaction term in a multiple logistic regression model. The presence of addictive interaction was evaluated by calculation of the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). RESULTS: The odds ratios (ORs) of the serum zinc-red meat intake product term on a multiplicative scale in the univariate and multivariate models were 5.49 (95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 3.48, 8.65) and 0.53 (95%CI: 0.04, 7.34), respectively. There was also evidence for interaction on an additive scale; the RERI and AP in the univariate model were 0.27 (95%CI: 0.03, 0.50) and 0.92 (95%CI 0.83, 1.01), respectively. After adjusting for the potential confounders, the value of RERI 0.22(95%CI: -0.13, 0.57) and AP 0.95 (5%CI: 0.89, 1.03). While for obesity factor, the serum zinc-obesity product term on multiplicative scale were 3.68 (95%CI: 1.41, 9.57) in univariate model and 4.55 (95%CI: 0.33, 62.85) in multivariate model. The value of addictive scale, RERI; 0.07(95%CI: -0.02 to 0.15), AP; 0.57(95%CI: 0.18, 0.97) in univariate model and RERI; 0.05(95%CI: -0.05, 0.15) and AP; 0.65 (95%CI: 0.04, 1.26) in multivariate model. CONCLUSION: Serum zinc and red meat intake interact strongly and synergistically influence the risk of CRC compare to obesity factor. Further investigations with big sample size are necessary for confirming this additive interaction.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia},
keywords = {CRC, interaction, obese, red meat, Trace element},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-71,
title = {Largest Acute Chemical Incident in Malaysia, March 2019: Opportunity to Assess the Preparedness and Response Capacity},
author = {Thilaka Chinnayah and Selahuddeen Abdul Aziz and Shaharom NorAzian Che Mat Din and Norasikin Mahdan and Norli Rosli and Faiz Ibrahim and Nabawi Khida and Noor Elliza Othman and Ramizan Harun and Salasiah Ahmad;},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Johor State reported Malaysia’s largest chemical emergency from 7th to 20th March 2019, following illegal dumping of industrial toxic waste into a river. A total of 5,039 students and residents in the area were affected, with 1,228 hospitalised and 26 treated in Intensive Care Units with an incidence rate of 10.8%. No deaths were reported. Following the stand down, an After Action Review (AAR) was conducted to assess the chemical incident preparedness and response and identify strategies for improvement. METHODS: Facilitated focus group discussions among the key responders was undertaken by Ministry of Health to qualitatively review selected actions in response to this significant incident. The aim was to capture the response activities, determine strengths and weaknesses, and document lessons learned. The elements reviewed were coordination and communication, emergency response, laboratory functions, risk communication and case management. RESULTS: The existing Incident Management System functioned in-line with General Guideline on Disaster Management. Major successes were the effective multisectoral coordination, rapid emergency response and efficient patient management. Major challenges included: the chemicals were initially unknown, hence the lack of knowledge of the hazards and risks involved; inadequate use of PPE and decontamination procedures; limited laboratory capacities for testing chemicals; and delayed risk communication. CONCLUSION: The AAR identified strengths and areas that require improvement for better preparedness and response to a chemical emergency. An incident management protocol was developed specifically for handling chemical incidents. This addresses key areas such as information sharing, risk and crisis communication, enhanced laboratory capacities and building human skills through training and exercises.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Johor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {After Action Review (AAR), chemical incident, Lessons learned, Mass casualty},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-72,
title = {Leprosy and Its Elimination Challenges in Marudi District, Sarawak},
author = {Ruthashini},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is prevalent among the indigenous Penan population located in deep interiors between river basins in the Ulu Baram, Marudi District, and Sarawak. Strategy for disease elimination is through active case detections (ACD). It is performed annually through a 5-year elimination program (2015-2019). We aim to describe the ACDs performed in that period, its results and elimination challenges in Marudi District, Sarawak. METHODS: A cross sectional study of Marudi District, Sarawak involving 5-year surveillance data (2015-2019). Source of data is from manual and electronic surveillance system kept at Marudi District Health Office. Data was analysed and reported using descriptive analysis. RESULTS: The average incidence is 3.7 per 100,000 populations with a 5-year prevalence of 18.6 per 100,000 populations. 92% were males and 8% were females. Age ranges between 17-66 years with median 47 years old. 77% of the detected cases were multibacillary type and remaining 23% were paucibacillary. Total costs of ACDs were RM226,953. Among the cost by line items, 31.5% attributed to human resource, 66.6% to vehicle/boat rentals and 2.9% to consumable items. DISCUSSION: Leprosy is still endemic in interior parts of Marudi district, Sarawak. Low education level, lack of hygiene, malnutrition and poverty are the key determinants suspected for persistence of leprosy among the Penan ethnic minority. Significant cost and resources required to perform the tedious ACD strategy for disease elimination. CONCLUSION: Holistic approach targeting suspected key determinant of leprosy among the Penan ethnic minority must be adopted together with ACD activities for disease elimination strategy.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Marudi District Health Office, d/a Hospital Marudi, Marudi, Sarawak},
keywords = {active case detection, elimination, Leprosy, Penan},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-73,
title = {Mental Health of Elderly Indonesian in One Person Household},
author = {Arwan Nugrohoa. Omas Bulan Samosir},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In 2010, the elderly population in Indonesia amounted to 5% of the total population and increased to 5.4% in 2015. The 2015-2045 Indonesian population projection results show that by 2035, the elderly population in Indonesia will be 10.6%. Elderly people who are prosperous, healthy, educated and productive will contribute to the acceleration of economic growth. At present, the world and Asia in particular, including Indonesia, are experiencing demographic dynamics that can increase the prevalence of one person households. The elderly population compared to other age groups is very biologically and mentally prone due to the continuous ageing process which is characterised by a decrease in physical endurance and susceptibility to disease attacks. The purpose of this study was to determine the mental health of elderly people in one person households in Indonesia. METHODS: This study used data from the results of the Indonesian Happiness Level Survey (SPTK) 2017 and was analysed using a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: The elderly population in one person households is less likely to be happy compared to non-one person households. The area of residence, occupation, level of education and income of the elderly population is positively associated with happiness for the elderly. The higher education and income, the happier. Older people who live in cities are happier than those who live in rural areas. DISCUSSION: Ageing support to increase the level of happiness of the elderly population should be based on living arrangements and increasing elderly-friendly facilities in rural areas.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Magister of Population and Employment Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia},
keywords = {binary logistic regression, happiness, Mental health, one person household},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-74,
title = {Mosquito Home System: A Case Study of Practical Model to Fight Aedes in Kedah, Malaysia},
author = {Wan Aezwani Bt Wan Abu Bakar},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Dengue is a vector borne disease transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Preventing or reducing the virus transmission depends entirely on controlling the mosquito vectors. Transmission control activities should target Aedes in its immature stages (egg, larva and pupa) and adult stages in the household and immediate vicinity. This paper presents an alternative mechanism of combating this global disease by using an auto dissemination trap, called Mosquito Home System (MHS). METHODS: MHS is equipped with a special trade secret solution that is called as Insecticide Growth Regulator (IGR) is non-toxic, has a pheromone-like liquid formulation that is a chemical that serves to stimulate and have sexually attract the male and female that will attract and lure female mosquitoes to lay eggs in them, and will soon die after lying eggs. Those eggs that already laid with the chemical will not hatch or die at an expected 99% rate or go beyond the pulp level. This liquid prevents the food for the larvae into the water and in turn will kill the larvae. Once it lays eggs in the MHS, it kills the larvae and pulp in the new breeding ground. RESULTS: Data taken from October 2018 to April 2019 in Taman Ria, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia reveals that the decrease percentage of 82% on overall total number of Aedes eggs collected through MHS pots installed in that area. DISCUSSION: The MHS implementation in controlling dengue disease caused by Aedes mosquito could be enforced to the national and international level community.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin},
keywords = {Aedes egg, Aedes mosquito, fogging, Insecticide Growth Regulator (IGR), Mosquito Home System (MHS), pheromone},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-75,
title = {MRSA Outbreak at a Massage Parlour in Kuala Lumpur, 2019},
author = {Diana M and Rozanim K and Rohani I and Harpreeta K and Fitri Syafiqah A and Muhammad Taufiq AR and Haryati M},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: On 30 January 2019, Lembah Pantai Health Office (LPHO) received a notification on positive MRSA cases among customers at a massage parlour in Kuala Lumpur. Investigations were commenced with objectives to establish the outbreak existence, to determine the epidemiological characteristics and to identify source of infection. METHODS: Investigation was focused on cases, environmental and laboratory investigation. All notified cases, employees (masseur) and the owner were investigated through phone or face to face interview. Environmental investigation and sample were taken to look for possible source of infection. Hand and nasal swab were taken from all available employees during investigation. RESULTS: Eleven customers were diagnosed to be positive MRSA with history of having foot massaged in the premise from Jun 2018. The first onset was on 19 Jun 2018, with symptoms of rashes with pus discharge and inflammation over their shin. All of them had seek treatment with eight being admitted at various private hospitals and diagnosed through laboratory investigations. Nasal swab from one-woman employee also positive for MRSA. Environmental investigation showed the massage area was crowded with chairs attach to each other and made from fabric. DISCUSSION: MRSA can be transmitted to other person through direct skin to skin contact or contacts with shared items or surfaces. As in this outbreak, the source of infection was believed to be from the masseur as a carrier. Prevention and control measures were already taken for both, the carrier and the premise.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Pejabat Kesihatan Lembah Pantai, Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {massage parlour, MRSA, MRSA outbreak},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-76,
title = {Muscle Wasting: Are Malaysian Elderly at Risk?},
author = {Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Elderly aged more than 60 years old tend to be at risk for malnutrition. This may lead to various health and social problems including deterioration of quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine muscle wasting among elderly in Malaysia. METHODS: Data was obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018: Elderly Health, a cross sectional study with two-stage stratified random sampling. A total of 3700 elderlies were involved in this study. Socio-demography was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire and calf circumference was used to identify individuals aged 60 years and above who were at risk of muscle wasting with cut-off values of \<30.1cm for men and \<27.3cm for women. Descriptive analysis using complex sample was performed for data analysis. RESULTS: Findings showed that a total of 477 elderlies were at risk of malnutrition or muscle wasting. The national prevalence of the risk of muscle wasting was 10.5% (95%CI: 9.01, 12.32). Rural areas (14.9%, 95%CI: 12.52, 17.60), males (11.9%, 95%CI: 9.91, 14.27), single (14.7%, 95%CI: 12.03, 17.81), had no formal education (17.1%, 95%CI: 13.43, 21.59), and unemployed (10.7%, 95%CI: 9.05, 12.50) were the highest among elderly who were at risk of muscle wasting. CONCLUSION: Therefore, although the prevalence of risk of muscle wasting was lower than previous studies, a systematic enable nutrition screening and appropriate intervention should be promoted to improve the health status of the elderly.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Elderly, Malaysia., Malnutrition, muscle wasting},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-77,
title = {Perceptions of Social Norm Played an Important Role on the Occurrence Casual Sex Among Yi Minority Residents in China: A Population-Based Study},
author = {Shujuan Yang},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Liangshan is one of the areas severely affected by both HIV and poverty in China. Casual sex is extremely prevalent among Yi minority people in Liangshan. Social norms can be viewed as products of cultural values, customs or traditions, which are informal understanding that reflect common expectation of a certain behaviour. This study was to investigate prevalence of casual sex in lifetime and social norms associated with occurrence of casual sex. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of sexually active Yi minority people between October 2017 and February 2018. 1616 individuals were recruited for participation in this study. RESULTS: Of the participants, 11.8% were confirmed to be HIV positive. About half of the participants (46.6%) had ever engaged in casual sex in their lifetime, 34.2% reported their first sexual intercourse occurred below 18 years old. The lifetime prevalence of condom-less sex and multiple sex partnerships was 92.5% and 56.7%; 9.4% reported injective drug use. All six perceptions of social norms were significantly associated with presence of casual sex in lifetime after adjusted for the background variables. Perceptions that casual sex was acceptable among Yi minority people (ORm: 11.20) and Yi man can have more than one sex partner (ORm: 1.66) remained statistically significant in the multivariate logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Casual sex may play an important role in facilitating HIV transmission among Yi minority people. Future interventions should consider making use of Yi clan system to change perceptions of social norm related to casual sex.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University},
keywords = {social norm; casual sex; HIV transmission},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-78,
title = {Physical Frailty and Its Association with Fall Among Community-Dwelling Older Population},
author = {Nur Sakinah Ahmad and Noran Naqiah Hairi and Mas Ayu Said and Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman and Choo Wan Yuen and Farizah Hairi and Sajaratulnisah Othman and Norliana Ismail and Devi Peramalah and Shathanapriya Kandiben and Zainudin Mohd Ali and Sharifah No},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Falling event among the older population poses serious health problems. This is due to its implications which includes decrease in physical function thus restricted their daily life activities. As part of the frailty components, presence of unsteady gait and muscle weakness contributed towards frailty being one of significant predictor of fall. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among 2324 community-dwelling older adults aimed to determine the association between physical frailty and outcome on fall. RESULTS: Almost one-third of the frail individuals had falls in the past 12-months (29.8%, 95%CI: 23.9, 36.5) compared to pre-frail (17.4%, 95%CI: 15.2, 19.8) and robust (12.3%, 95%CI: 9.6, 15.6). More than half of the frail individuals reported having fear of falling (55.4%, 95%CI: 48.7, 61.9) whilst only 33.9%(95%CI: 30.0, 38.1) among pre-frail and 18.8%(95%CI: 15.3, 22.8) from robust. Furthermore, frail individuals were also reported the highest prevalence of having activities not done (41.7%, 95%CI: 30.1, 54.3) and stopped doing activities due to fear of falling (36.7% 95%CI: 25.9, 49.1) with much lower prevalence for both pre-frail and robust groups. Ultimately, this study showed that being frail significantly increased the likelihood of fall approximately two-fold higher than those from robust group (aOR:1.8, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.7). CONCLUSION: This study showed significant association between frailty and fall among the older population. Given that fall can be fatal with potentially causing further complications thus justifies the need to incorporate safety interventions to reduce falling event mainly among those frails.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tobacco Control Unit, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia,},
keywords = {community-dwelling, fall, Frailty, older population},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-79,
title = {Poor Sleep Quality Among Healthcare Workers Serving in Urban Area in Malaysia},
author = {Wan Ming Keong and Titi Rahmawati Hamedon},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Poor sleep quality is the collective terms for sleep disturbances, which may result in adverse health outcomes and poor work performance. Study had shown that 57.8% of healthcare workers (HCW) in an urban hospital in Malaysia suffered from poor sleep quality, which was much higher than the general population prevalence. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of poor sleep quality among clinic based HCW and its associated factors. METHODS: This study was part of a community trial conducted in ten health clinics within Gombak district by using self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: Majority of the 256 respondents were female (81.3%), age group of 31-40 years (49.2%), married (81.6%) and diploma holders (39.8%). The prevalence of poor sleep quality among them was 41.0%. In term of sociodemographic characteristics, respondents’ age, gender, marital status, ethnicity and education level did not have any significant association (p\>0.05). As for employment characteristics, HCW who did overtime work (?2=6.392},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Ministry of Health, Malaysia,},
keywords = {poor sleep quality, urban healthcare workers},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-80,
title = {Risk Factors of Undernutrition Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Jerantut, Pahang: A Case-Control Study},
author = {Rafidah Abdul Latif},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There are nearly 815 million people who are chronically undernourished, which contributes to an estimated 3.1 million deaths annually. The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 reported that 8% of children suffer from undernutrition. In Jerantut, the prevalence of under-nutrition among children below the age of 5 was 5.67%. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with undernutrition among children below 5 years old in Jerantut, Pahang. METHODS: A case-control study design was conducted in March 2019. The case dealt with a child suffering from moderate to severe undernutrition with a z-score \< -2SD from the median baseline recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017. The control patient in this case study was a child without undernutrition, with z-score above -2SD. Secondary data from the antenatal book and children’s health records were used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. RESULTS: A total of 226 respondents amounting to 113 cases and 113 controls were selected. It was found that risk of undernutrition was significantly associated with low household income (aOR: 6.52, 95%CI: 1.81, 23.53), low birth weight (aOR: 6.25, 95%CI: 1.17, 33.30), recurrent illness for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) (aOR: 3.32, 95%CI: 1.07, 10.27) and for upper respiratory tract infection(URTI) (aOR: 6.05, 95%CI: 3.06, 11.94). The daily consumption of fruits or vegetables is a protective factor for undernutrition (aOR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.25, 0.92). CONCLUSION: Low birth weight, low household income, recurrent AGE and URTI were noted as significant risk factors associated with undernutrition. Daily consumption of fruits or vegetables is a protective factor for undernutrition.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jerantut District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Jerantut, PPKZM, Risk Factors, Undernutrition},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-81,
title = {Sarawak Pregnant Women re Iodine Deficient Despite Adequate Iodine Intake Among School-Age Children},
author = {Lim Kuang Kuay and Tan Beng Chin and Chan Ying Ying and MMedSc and Husniza Hussain and Nur Azna Mahmud and Mohd Shaiful Azlan Kassim and Abdul Aziz Harith and Cheong Siew Man and Ruhaya Salleh and Tahir Aris},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The universal salt iodisation (USI) has been implemented to control the iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in many countries. However, several studies conducted among school-age children (SAC) and pregnant women (PW) found that adequate iodine status in SAC may not reflect adequate iodine status in PW. The aim of this study was to assess the current iodine status among SAC and PW after 10 years of USI in Sarawak. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey among SAC and PW was conducted between July 2018 and October 2018. A proportion to population size sampling technique was used to select 30 schools and 30 maternal and child healthcare clinics. A total of 1200 SAC and 750 PW were randomly selected to participate in the study. Thyroid size and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) level was classified according to the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD assessment criteria. RESULTS: A total of 988 SAC and 677 PW participated in the study with response rates of 82.3% and 90.2%, respectively. The total goitre rate (TGR) was found to be 0.1% in SAC and 1.0% in PW. The overall median UIC level among the SAC was 126.0µg/L (IQR: 71.0, 200.9µg/L), classified as adequate iodine intake, while the median UIC among PW was 123.9µg/L (IQR: 56.5, 192.1µg/L), classified as insufficient. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that despite adequate iodine intake in SAC, the majority of PW still showed insufficient iodine intake. Thus, a comprehensive monitoring of the IDD among PW and appropriate nutrition education is warranted},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {pregnant women, Sarawak, school-age children, universal salt iodisation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-82,
title = {Screening and Referral Services for Hypertension: A Community-Based Intervention in Myanmar},
author = {Han Win Aung and Anil Kumar Indria Krishna},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Raised blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (HPT) is the most common condition observed in the population that can lead to cardiac arrest, stroke, renal failure, and death if not detected early and treated appropriately. 36.9% of adult population were never been measured their blood pressure although 26.4% of adult population have detected as raised blood pressure in Myanmar. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to find the undetected case of raised blood pressure or hypertension among over 40 years old population in urban community. METHODS: Data collection was carried out by inclusive self-help group members by using mobile data collection Methods named as “KoBo Collect” software and measuring respondents’ blood pressure with standardised BP machine. RESULTS: 2362 community members accepted to screen their blood pressure. 18% of screening people were detected as high blood pressure and 34% were undetected. 77.8% in 40-64, 16.7% in 65-79, 5.6% are 80 years and above. DISCUSSION: These finding suggest that community-based screening model for Hypertension should be used to get early screening and referral to Health facility for only diagnosis and treatment. By using community-based screening model could be use in primary health care services (1) community members change better health care seeking behaviours by providing awareness. (2) reduce the complications associated with Hypertension by early screening, diagnosis and treatment with minimum cost. (3) enhancing community participation in disease prevention and control activities. (4) reducing workload of primary health care providers in screening and gathering patient data.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: HelpAge International},
keywords = {hypertension, referral, screening, urban community},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-83,
title = {Self-Rated Health and Disability Among Elderly Migrant: How Does It Differ Across Return and Non-Return Migrants?},
author = {Nur Amalia Ramadhania. Omas Bulan Samosir},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Elderly return migrants are failed migrants. Studies show lower education, living alone, depending on social security, and original place was metropolitan cities, and inter-province are characteristic of elderly return migrants. On the other hand, the elderly population, inter-province, and migration experience are negatively associated with health indicators. This study discusses differences in health status and disability between recent elderly return and non-return migrants in Indonesia, controlled by individual characteristic and regional area. METHODS: This study used an ordered logit model with sample data of 1916 elderly Indonesian migrants from Indonesian Intercensal Survey (SUPAS) 2015. RESULTS: Elderly return migrants were healthier compared to non-return migrant. Return migrants were negatively associated with health complaints, concentration difficulties, communication difficulties and unable to taking care their-self, but it is not significant to have emotional and physical difficulties (seeing, listening, walking/climbing stairs, and using hands/finger). Meanwhile, there were strong positive effects of age (75+years) and financial source (family transfer) on these dependent variables. Higher levels of education and destinations area (Sumatra and Java-Bali) were less likely to have health complaints. The elderly non-return migrants were less likely to be able taking care their-self which appropriate with their reason for moving (following family). DISCUSSION: Elderly health care policies could refer to migration patterns (non-return and returns migration), economic characteristics, and destination areas because they were critical objective factors to determine the health status of elderly migrants.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Magister of Economics in Population and Employment, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia},
keywords = {disable, elderly migrant, health, return migrant},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-84,
title = {Sugar Tax: Could It Significantly Alter Malaysian Food Behaviour?},
author = {Lim Chee Han},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In the 2019 Budget speech, the Finance Minister announced the implementation of the excise tax on two categories of sugar-sweetened beverages starting from April 1st, 2019 (now postponed to July 1st), at the rate of RM0.40 per litre. The targets are manufactured ready-to-drink beverages including carbonated and flavoured drinks containing sugars more than 5g per 100ml, or fruit juices and vegetable-based drinks exceeding 12g per 100ml. It was stated in the government’s intention to promote ‘healthy eating and lifestyle’ and reduce the prevalence of overweight or obese Malaysians. With these objectives in mind, this study explores what could be the impact of the Sugar Tax policy to public health. METHODS: Taking into accounts of the evidence found in the NHMS 2014 (Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey), NHMS 2017 (Adolescent Health Survey) and Household Expenditure Survey 2016, prevalence, frequencies and money spent on such targeted beverages and other sugar-rich food items are analysed against the potential tax impact on food consumption behaviour and expenditure. RESULTS: Assuming Malaysian’s behaviour is unchanged since 2014, on average the Federal Government would collect at most RM9.71 per sweetened drinks consumer per month. If a B40 household of 4 members display similar behaviour, then it would cost them more than double the monthly average household non-alcoholic beverages expenditure. CONCLUSION: This study finds the Sugar Tax to be regressive towards the lower income households, however they could probably still afford to resume their old consumption habit since the effect of the excise tax might be just marginal.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Penang Institute},
keywords = {food behaviour, food consumption, healthy lifestyle, sugar tax, sugar-sweetened beverages},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-85,
title = {Supplementary Immunisation Activities in Titiwangsa Health Office: A Preliminary Findings},
author = {Roslaili Khairudin and Aida Mohd Azlan and Nor Maizura Haron and Misliza Ahmad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malaysia has adopted a goal for measles elimination by 2025. Measles control strategies such as supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) are needed to achieve optimal immunisation coverage. Titiwangsa Health Office was identified as a pilot project for measles-SIAs in Health Department of Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya based on the measles risk assessment. METHODS: Data on the SIAs conducted in Titiwangsa Health Office from September 2018 to Mac 2019 was analysed. RESULTS: A total of 13,804 children age range between six months to less than 7 years old were found during the SIAs. Of these 19,519 (89.34%) were vaccinated with monovalent measles vaccine. The number was higher among children in kindergartens and pre-schools (n=6388), followed by clinics (n=11,984) and door to door (n=1147). About 204 who missed their routine immunisation were vaccinated with DTaP (52.9%), MMR (29.9%) and Hep B (17.2%). Absent and incomplete consent form were the main reasons for not vaccinating them during the SIAs. Also, there was a reduction of number of measles cases before and after the SIAs. CONCLUSION: SIAs have made a substantial contribution to reduce number of measles cases as well as reaching children missed by routine vaccination program. The ongoing SIAs will be completed in August 2019.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Titiwangsa, Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {measles, measles vaccine, Supplementary Immunisation Activities, Titiwangsa Health Office},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-86,
title = {The Association of Husband's Nutrition Knowledge and Support to The Maternal Nutritional Status and Health Seeking Behaviour},
author = {Ernesto Lorenzo Bornales and Caryl Cleo Cabigao and Ma. Jannil Gesmundo and Freyja Bless Rebuyaco and Ma. Clarice Sanchez and Junelle Supelana},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Maternal nutrition and practice play significant roles in improving health outcomes for both mother and child. Globally and in the Philippines, men greatly influence household decision including antenatal care, nutrition and workload during pregnancy, and health care for children. The study aimed to determine the association of husband’s nutrition knowledge and emotional and financial support to the maternal nutritional status and health-seeking behavior. METHODS: A correlational research utilizing the enumerative sampling technique was conducted. A total of 160 respondents or 80 married couples participated from selected municipalities in the Philippines. Adapted questionnaires and forms were used to assess the husband’s nutrition knowledge and financial and emotional support as well as the nutritional status and health-seeking behavior of the maternal woman. Linear and ordinal regression analysis were used to determine the significant association between variables. RESULTS: Results showed that husband’s nutrition knowledge (p\<0.001) financial (p=0.082) and emotional support (p=0.060) have significant association to maternal nutritional status and health-seeking behavior. Further, husband’s nutrition knowledge significantly affects protein intake (p=0.055). DISCUSSION: Findings of the study revealed that husband's nutrition knowledge and support may have an impact on maternal nutritional status and health-seeking behavior. This suggests that involving fathers in maternal and child health program in the Philippines may empower women and improve their maternal practices. This may also increase husband’s awareness about their importance in achieving optimal nutrition of both mother and the child particularly for the first 1000 days.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines},
keywords = {Emotional Support, Financial Support, Health-seeking Behavior, Maternal Nutritional Status, Nutrition Knowledge},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-87,
title = {The Effect of Temperature on The Development of Immature Stages of Aedes Spp. Against Breeding Containers},
author = {Mohd. Fadzil Awang and Nazri Che Dom},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Temperature is often identified as the main environmental factor affecting the growth of the mosquito population. It is important to study the effect of temperature on the life parameters of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in the local environment using the local strains. This will subsequently provide an in-depth understanding on the biology of Aedes mosquitoes which will eventually affect the transmission of dengue viruses directly to human. In this study, we examined the effect of constant temperatures (25°C, 27°C, 30°C and 33°C) on the developmental period of local Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti strains using environmental chambers. Two categories of the containers (artificial - a glass jar, tire and plastic cup and natural - coconut shell) were used to examine the association of the types of containers to the development of both Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Based on the developmental data, it was found that the increase in temperature reduced the developmental period of the mosquito except for the first instar larvae. In addition, both strains were found to be able to develop and survive at all selected temperatures up to 33°C. In terms of the types of breeding containers, shortest development was recorded in the coconut shells, followed by tires, glass jars and plastic cups for both Aedes species. These findings provided valuable baseline information on the potential effects of climate change on the bionomics of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in future projection of Aedes density towards an improve vector control.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {temperature; climate; Aedes; albopictus; aegypti; development; survival; humidity; breeding container.},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-88,
title = {The Effectiveness of WhatsApp and Instagram as SADARI Health Promotion Media to Prevent Breast Cancer},
author = {Ayulia Fardila Sari ZA},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The incidence of breast cancer in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia ranks third out of 34 provinces in Indonesia, with an estimated number of 2,285 breast cancer patients. Based on the initial study, 18 out of 30 female students learned about the term Breast Self Examination (SADARI), but 14 people have never done SADARI. Health promotion innovation by utilizing technology is needed to improve the students’ awareness in reducing the incidence of breast cancer. This study aims to measure the effect of SADARI health promotion through WhatsApp and Instagram social media on increasing knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the usefulness of technology in Andalas University students. METHODS: Quasi experiment study with a non-equivalent pretest post test design approach to female students in non-medical faculty of Andalas University, which are divided into health promotion recipients using WhatsApp dan Instagram. RESULTS: There are differences in the average score of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the usefulness of the respondents technology before and after SADARI health promotion using WhatsApp and Instagram social media (p\<0.05). The results of statistical tests show that the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the usefulness of technology respondents in WhatsApp group are higher than the Instagram group (p\<0.05). DISCUSSION: Health promotion using WhatsApp is more effective than Instagram. It is recommended to use WhatsApp and Instagram as an alternative SADARI health promotion media.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Departement of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University, Indonesia},
keywords = {Health promotion, Instagram, SADARI, WhatsApp},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-89,
title = {The Evolution of Cervical Cancer Control Program in Malaysia},
author = {Zakiah Mohd Said},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. However, it is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer, as long as detected early and managed effectively. METHODS: The performances of pap smear services were analysed through the annual data and report of pap smear services from all the states. It was later mapped with the latest incidence of cervical cancer in Malaysia to see the impact of the program. RESULT: In 1996, the second National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS II) revealed that only 26% of eligible women underwent cervical cancer screening using Pap smears while in 2006 (NHMS III) this proportion had doubled to 43.7%. However, five (5) years later, the NHMS 2011 reported that only 12.8% of eligible women had Pap smear examination. The MOH pap smear screening target was set at 40% of eligible women. The performance for the past 5 years (2013-2017) was on average 25%. There were multifactorial reasons for the poor uptake and the coverage of the program. CONCLUSION: With the success of a national HPV vaccination program, MOH recognises the need to review our national cervical screening program. While HPV vaccination will not remove the necessity for cervical screening, there is a need to change to a more effective screening modality that aligned with current international evidence.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health},
keywords = {cancer, cervical screening, effective},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-90,
title = {The Experience of Caregivers in Accessing Oral Health Care Facilities for Cerebral Palsy Children: A Qualitative Study},
author = {Datu Mohd Amyril AbduludinPH and Normastura Abdul Rahman and MComMed and Munirah Mohd Adnan and Azlina Yusuf},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Maintaining oral health (OH) is a major issue among children with cerebral palsy (CP) due to varies factor and one of it having barriers in accessing OH services. This study explored the experience of the caregivers on accessibility towards OH services for their children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. METHODS: A purposive sampling was utilised, audio-recorded in-depth interview conducted on ten CP’s caregivers in this qualitative phenomenology study. Transcribe verbatim were reviewed, NVivo used in developing themes and facilitate data management. RESULTS: Ten CP’s caregivers aged 32-60 years participated, mostly from low socio-economic status, low level of education and the children with CP predominantly in Gross Motor Function Classification System IV. From ten verbatim transcripts, five themes have emerged; dental experience (unable to identify and express dental problem), family support (sole primary caregiver, poor relationship among family), mobility (lack of transportation, facility not disable friendly), ability to pay (financial constraints) and social value (stigma, marginalised by surrounding). DISCUSSION: OH literacy, appropriate OH services, OH outreach programme and future OH home services, suggesting promoting the ability in accessing OH facility. Highly dependent children with CP needs physical support however unsupportive interactions amongst family jeopardized their dental needs. Social support will assist CP’s caregiver in parenting duty however poor social support, restriction on mobility and costly basic necessities could detrimental their OH need. Therefore, attentions are needed to address related barrier factors that are impeding access of CP children to OH facilities.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia},
keywords = {cerebral palsy, oral health service accessibility, qualitative research},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-91,
title = {The Fate of Being Sandwich Generation: How the Children's Health in Three Generation?},
author = {Sri Yuliana},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Along with the increasing demographic trends in the past few years, such as increasing life expectancy and decreasing fertility, attention to a sandwich generation where middle-aged people care for young people and elderly parents simultaneously also increased, although in fact in Indonesia the phenomenon is not a strange thing. Many studies have conducted research on the impact of being in the position of a squeezed generation, both in terms of health, employment, expenditure and so on. However, on the contrary, this study focuses on the health of the child which is likened to the stack of a sandwich at the bottom layer. This study compares the health of children who are in sandwich generation with those who are not in that position. METHODS: This study used panel data from IFLS in 2007 and 2014 with a unit of analysis of 6,886 children aged 0 to 18 years. This study used Multinomial Logistic Regression in panel data, with BMI and Hemoglobin Levels as child health variables and sandwich generation dummy as the main independent variables, while the control variables used household characteristics, parental characteristics, and child characteristics. RESULTS: being in the sandwich generation significantly affected the child's BMI (?= -0.0194139},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Universitas Indonesia},
keywords = {Children's Health; BMI; BMR; Sandwich Generation; IFLS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-92,
title = {The Implementation of Traditional Minangkabau Makan Bajamba to Improve the Nutritional Status of Malnourished Toddlers in a PHC at Padang, Indonesia},
author = {Rima Semiarty and Rebecca Fanany and Kenny Cantika and Kenny Cantika},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a major health problem in Indonesia, especially in toddlers. In 2015, 6.3% of toddlers in Lambung Bukit, West Sumatera, were malnourished. Makan bajamba, a practice that derives from the culture of the Minangkabau, is proposed as a solution to this problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Makan Bajamba in improving the nutritional status of malnourished toddlers. METHODS: The study was conducted at a PHC with a Pos Gizi program where children were fed using the Makan Bajamba METHODS: accompanied by parental counseling and instruction about nutrition and parenting practices for 12 days. The sample population consisted of 12 toddlers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Toddlers who gained ?400grams and had improved nutritional status were determined to have completed the program, while those that did not were assigned to the next Pos Gizi. RESULTS: Of 12 participants, four dropped out, and six completed the program. The mothers’ knowledge increased between 51% and 68.1%. Their parenting skills increased between 62.4% and 72.9%. DISCUSSION: Implementation of Makan Bajamba is effective in improving the nutritional status of malnourished toddlers. As an adjunct to this activity, mother’s knowledge about nutrition and parenting skills increased significantly.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, 2School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts andEducation, Deakin University},
keywords = {Makan bajamba, Malnutrition, Pos Gizi},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-93,
title = {The Importance of Maternal Mental Health for Children},
author = {Pradini Ajeng Gemellia},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Several studies suggested that household income was not the most important factor in determining the quality of their children. It seems that family income did not affect directly to the quality of the children but by means of behavioural parenting of the parents based on their psychological condition. Several studies found that parental depression could affect both positive and negative impact on the quality of the children. This research aims to know the influence of mother depression and father depression against cognitive score of children in Indonesia. METHODS: This study used the data from IFLS 2014 with the unit of analysis of children aged 7 to 14 years old who still have both parents. The number of samples in this study amounted to 5,474 children. This study used a regression model of OLS analysis methods with the children’s cognitive score as the dependent variable and father depression score and mother depression score as the main variables. RESULTS: Mother depression had a significant effect on children’s cognitive score (?= -0,004874},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Magister of Economics in Population and Employment, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia},
keywords = {cognitive, Mental health, parental depression},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-94,
title = {The Impoverishment Due to Direct Tobacco Expenditure in Malaysia},
author = {Tan Wei Leong},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tobacco-smoking does not only incur adverse health-related financial impacts but also non-health financial and welfare impacts. One of the non-health impacts is impoverishment attributed to direct tobacco expenditure. Hence, this study examined the impoverishment attributed to direct tobacco expenditure in Malaysia from 1993 to 2014. METHODS This study utilised five series of nationally representative data from the Household Expenditure Survey (HES) and poverty line index (PLI) officially released by Malaysian Economic Planning Unit to classify the poverty status of households. Individual PLI was used to determine number of household members impoverished due to direct tobacco expenditure. RESULTS Overall, the impoverishment from direct tobacco expenditure is persistently present at five points of time in Malaysia, however, increases in the estimate of impoverishment had reduced from 1.08% in 1993 to 0.01% in 2014. By the number of individuals per se, there were 184,240 persons affected in 1993 which gradually reduced to 3,443 persons in 2014. A declining trend in impoverishment due to direct tobacco expenditure was also observed in all three regions, both urban and rural strata and all ethnicities in Malaysia. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the increases in the estimation of impoverishment due to direct tobacco expenditure have been reducing from 1993 to 2014. If this finding is interpreted along with the persistently high prevalence of tobacco-smoking in Malaysia especially the adult male complemented with the gradual increasing tobacco taxes, we postulated that the tobacco could be still affordable, or the rate of income growth has exceeded the price increase of tobacco products.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Social Preventive Medicine},
keywords = {Impoverishment, tobacco expenditure, tobacco-smoking},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-95,
title = {The Prevention of TB-MDR Risk for Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patient Using Face to Face Health Education},
author = {Hema Malini and Emil Huriani and Shinta Herlina},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The high incidence of MDR-TB in the community is due to the lack of socialization or provision of health education about MDR-TB. So far, health education has only focused on TB generally. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on the preventive behavior of MDR-TB in pulmonary TB patients in the Padang Health Center. METHODS: The design of this study was quasi-experiment with the design of pre and posttest without a control group. The sample in this study were 29 people with TB who are at the beginning of the treatment phase, using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection use questionnaires, and the health education was provided in 2 sessions using a face-to-face with flipchart, booklets, and videos as media. Analysis of data in this study using the T-Test statistical test. RESULTS: The results showed the significance of knowledge p-value = 0,000 (p?0.05), attitude p-value = 0,000 (p?0.05), and the action of taking medicine more than most (65.5%) regularly took TB medication, indicating that there was an effect of providing health education on the prevention behavior of MDR-TB in pulmonary TB patients. DISCUSSION: It is expected that the provision of health education on the prevention behavior of MDR-TB is more emphasized by the motivation and self-efficacy of pulmonary TB sufferers, and in the provision of health education it is expected to be able to involve PMO and health workers actively.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Unand Limau Manis, Pauh, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia},
keywords = {Attitude, Drug-resistant TB, Knowledge, preventive measure},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-96,
title = {The Relationship Between Specific Nutrient Intake with Prevalence of Stunting Among Schoolchildren, in Padang, West-Sumatera, Indonesia},
author = {Delmi Sulastri},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stunting is a nutritional problem and most commonly found in children in Indonesia. Deficiencies of specific nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C and magnesium are thought to be related to stunting. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to look the relationship between Specific Nutrient Intake with Prevalence of Stunting Among Schoolchildren, in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 232 children (6-7 years) randomly selected from eight primary schools in Padang City. The data were collected by measuring the height of children using microtois, stunting determined by TB / age and make use of diagrams WHO-NCHS, and to assess specific nutrient intake using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and nutrisurvey programme. The data was processed using a computer and analysed using T-Test and Mann-Whitney U. RESULTS: This study shows that average protein intake, calcium, phosphor, vitamin C, Magnesium and zinc in normal children are 86.58±34.82g/day, 524,25±37, 74.25mg/day, 1366.00±704.29mg/day, 86.07±50.19mg/hr, 285.19±110.25mg/hr, Zinc are 8,18±2,22mg/day and in stunting children are 80.24±24.87g/day, 361±57.85mg/day, 1228.74±81.50mg/day, 98.76±45.91mg/day, 284.91±85.21mg/day, zinc 7.87±2.88mg/day. There was a significant mean difference of intake proteins and zinc between normal children and stunting children (p=0.04), but not with other nutrient intakes (p\>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that intake proteins and zinc are related to the incidence of stunting Among School children, in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Andalas University},
keywords = {nutritional problem, schoolchidren, specific nutrients, stunting},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-97,
title = {The Rise of Public Health 2.0: An Infodemiological Study of Stroke Using Google Trends Search Queries in Malaysia},
author = {Kurubaran Ganasegeran and Alan Ch’ng Swee Hock and Irene Looi},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The dawn of “infodemiology” facilitates real time information seeking behavior to be available through data-mining within health Web 2.0. This investigation aimed to explore real time virtual health seeking information behaviors through geospatial-temporal patterns of search volumes in user-specified terms. METHODS: Fifteen-year retrospective web-based infodemiological data using Google Trends with filters ‘Malaysia,’ ‘Health,’ and ‘Web’ from January 2004-March 2019. Principal and related terms of “stroke” were included. Trends and geo-mapping of health seeking behaviors with autocorrelations, partial autocorrelations were computed through R and Wessa Time Series Function (95%CI: set as white noise). Pearson correlation was calculated using SPSS version 23.0. Statistical significance was set at p\<0.05. RESULTS: Analysis yielded 6282 validated hits to conceptualize Malaysia’s “STROKE 2.0.” Search volume showed cyclical trend with irregular patterns. Autocorrelation reported statistically significant scores. Stroke-related search terms included “stroke and brain” (r=0.25; p=0.001), “stroke and signs” (r=0.16; p=0.034), “stroke and family history” (r=0.41; p\<0.001). Geo-mapping with highest regions of flux volumes included Kelantan (100), Perlis (67), Negeri Sembilan (63), Kuala Lumpur (55) and Terengganu (54). Top five flux volumes across cities included Kota Bharu (100), Batu Caves (67), Seremban (56), Kuala Terengganu (50) and Sungai Petani (48). Query volumes were normalized. DISCUSSION: “STROKE 2.0” connotes health seeking behaviors focused on disease characteristics rather than treatment/preventions. Flux behaviors were dense in low socio-economic regions compared to metropolitans. We fostered new epidemiological approach, complementing classical epidemiology to provide contexts realities data on stroke. This accelerates policy drafting for preventive measures.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Clinical Research Center Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, Medical Department, Seberang Jaya Hospital, Penang, Malaysia},
keywords = {Digital Epidemiology, google trends, Infodemiology, Malaysia, Stroke 2.0},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-98,
title = {The Risk Assessment on The Event of Illegal Chemical Dumping and Leakage in Sungai Lalang, Semenyih},
author = {Siti Aisah Mokhtar},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: A hazardous unknown chemical drum was reported illegally dumped and leak near the industrial area in Sungai Lalang, Semenyih Selangor. Initially, the report was made by nearby factory workers. The District Disaster Management Committee was activated. The Department of Environment and the chemical, biological, nuclear, radiation and explosion (CBNRe) team lead the investigating of this event. METHODS: Risk assessment was done together with multi-agencies involvement. Various laboratory samples were taken including a nearby sample from the leaked chemical drum, river water, soil, and air sampling were done. Mixed methods study designs were conducted for medical surveillance in the affected area. RESULTS: and discussion A total of 191 drums, in which 127 drums contained unknown chemical while the other 64 drums were emptily disposed of by The Kualiti Alam company. A preliminary result from the rapid test of the chemical was organic hydrocarbon which commonly used as a solvent. Medical surveillance among workers stay at red zone area was done, only three (3) workers seek medical attention and were managed as an outpatient. The common symptoms were cough and sore throat. Based on the risk rating, the risk of this events falls into hgh risk category. CONCLUSION: Collaboration with multiple agencies with good coordination is important in managing chemical pollutant. In term of risk assessment, multiple parameters including a sample from the environmental and medical surveillance are important to assess the severity of the event subsequently to come out with mitigation plan and follow up after the event.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Disease Surveillance Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {environmental health, hydrocarbon, risk assessment, Solvent, toxicologist},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-99,
title = {To What Extent Do Psychological Factors Impact Work Engagement Among Malaysian Employees?},
author = {Caryn Mei Hsien Chan and Jyh Eiin Wong and Lei Hum Wee and Nor Aini Jamil and Lena Yap and Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Psychological wellbeing is important because of its direct bearing on psychological connectedness or work engagement. We set out to determine levels of work engagement and to identify the psychological factors that predict it. METHODS: A total of 5,235 adults participated in a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based health survey in Malaysia. Work engagement was assessed with the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Higher UWES mean scores indicate greater levels of work engagement. Psychological distress was assessed using the 6-item Kessler scale (K6; cutoff score ?13, score range 0-24. Higher K6 scores indicate greater psychological distress. A multiple linear regression was performed to determine predictors of work engagement. RESULTS: A female preponderance was observed (n=3,259, 62.3%). Participant age ranged from 18 to 85 years (mean±SD: 33.88±8.83). The mean work engagement score on the UWES-9 was 3.53 (SD±0.94). A total of 11 out of 18 variables on a multiple regression predicted work engagement, F(18, 4925) = 69.02, p\<0.001},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Primary Care Department, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.},
keywords = {Malaysia, psychological distress, sleep, work bullying, work engagement},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-100,
title = {Under-Reporting of Energy and Nutrient Intake from 24-Hours Diet Recalls in The Malaysian Adult Nutrition Surveys (MANS 2014 \& MANS 2003)},
author = {Ahmad Ali Zainuddin and Norazmir Md Nor and Safiah Md Yusof and Adriana Irawati Nur Ibrahim and Tahir Aris and Foo Leng Huat and Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad and Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar and Azli Baharudin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Under-reporting of energy intake is a common cause of bias in nutritional studies. This study was aimed at examining the extent of under-reporting of energy intake and its related characteristics among respondents in MANS 2003 and MANS 2014. METHODS: The present study analysed energy intakes of 9,624 adults aged 18-59 years old from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition survey in year 2014 (2,890 respondents) and 2003 (6,734 respondents) using a single 24-hour diet recall. Basal metabolic rates were calculated from the age- and gender-specific equations of Schofield. Under-reporting was defined as an energy intake: BMR ratio \<1.2 as proposed by Goldberg. RESULTS: Under-reporting has increased significantly (p\<0.001) from 53% in 2003 to 61% in 2014. In both surveys, under-reporting increased with higher BMI and older age-group. It was higher among women than men, lowest among those with primary schooling or below, and those living in Peninsular Malaysia. It was higher among rural respondents in 2014 but higher among urban respondents in 2003. Intake of energy and micronutrients increased when under reporters were excluded. CONCLUSION: Under-reporting was prevalent in both the nationwide MANS, and is associated with BMI, age, gender, education level, strata and location. It is important to take this into account when assessing dietary intake in population-based studies.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia, 2Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia, 3International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia},
keywords = {24-hours diet recall, adults, Energy intake, nutrition survey, under-reporting},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-101,
title = {Urban Heart: A Structured Tool for Framing Health Equity in Cities and Districts},
author = {Anis Salwa Kamarudin and Rohaida Ismail and Normazura Mustapa and Siti Sara Yaacob and Shahida Ismail},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Urban Health Equity Assessment Response Tool (Urban HEART) supports statistical evidence of a population and their varied living conditions and involve the participating local community to draw linkages between socioeconomic factors and health impact. The aim of this paper is to describe the process of adopting Urban HEART in Malaysia cities. METHODS: In this paper we explore systematically the Urban HEART concepts and processes, and how this tool influenced the development of a collaborative process in finding the differences across urban populations. We also examined the efforts of introducing Urban HEART to public health practitioners in Malaysia including the capacity building. RESULTS: The three main approaches to reduce health equities are to target the disadvantage population groups, narrow health gap and reduce inequities. The speculated causes of health inequalities in different cities were viewed for socioeconomic factors (including demographic, SES and living condition), and health outcomes (including morbidity, mortality and healthcare services). Urban HEART training was conducted in two sessions in 2013, involving numerous participants from six different states. Differences in health across the population are to be observed in the cities and to report the inequalities in social determinants as the underlying cause of health inequalities. Local indicators to be identified and established criteria to prioritize a conclusive planning. CONCLUSION: The Urban HEART is designed by WHO as a user-friendly guide for policy- and decision-makers at national and local levels; to help in identify and analyse urban health inequities and facilitate viable decisions of health inequities.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Pasir Mas District Health Office, Kelantan, Malaysia, Public Health Division, Melaka State Health Department, Melaka, Malaysia, Public Health Division, Selangor State Health Department, Shah Alam, Malaysia, Public Health Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {health equity, health impact, urban health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-102,
title = {Urban-Rural Differences in Menstrual Hygiene Among Adolescent Girls and Its Implications on Health in India},
author = {Dhananjay W. Bansod and Santosh Phad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although menstruation is a natural process, it is linked with several misconceptions, taboos, and socio-cultural restrictions, resulting in adolescent girls remaining ignorant of the awareness of hygienic health practices, which result in adverse health outcomes and vulnerability. METHODS: The present paper examines the knowledge and practice of a hygienic METHODS: of menstrual protection and to assess its adverse effects on adolescent’s health using binary logistic regression. NFHS-4 data collected from all the 640 districts of India in 2015-16 is used. The sample size of the present paper is 121,533 adolescent girls age 15-19. Information on the woman’s characteristics, marriage, fertility, contraception, reproductive health, sexual behaviour, and other health issues was also collected in NFHS-4. RESULTS: The result shows that 42 per cent of adolescent girls use sanitary napkins, 62 per cent use cloth, and 16 per cent use locally prepared napkins. Overall, 58 per cent of adolescent girls age 15-19 years use a hygienic method of menstrual protection in India, more (79 per cent) in urban areas as compared with just 49 per cent in rural areas. DISCUSSION: More than half of adolescent girls in rural areas and one-fifth adolescent girls in urban areas are not able to use a hygienic method of menstrual protection which leads to a lot more complications to their reproductive health and subsequently, it affects the overall health status of adolescents in India.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: International Institute for Population Sciences},
keywords = {adolescent, health, India, Mentruation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-103,
title = {Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents in Kuala Lumpur: A Single Centre Review},
author = {Ahmad Farouk Musa and Trived Soni and Xian Pei Cheong and Rusli Nordin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services. The objective of this study is to improve the understanding on VH among parents by determining the prevalence of VH and to identify the predictors associated with a vaccine hesitant attitude. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted in KL where a questionnaire was devised to collect information from parents namely sociodemographic, WHO determinants of VH and the Parents Attitude towards Childhood Vaccine (PACV) scale. RESULTS: With a sample size of 226, we noted 60.2% (189) of the participants were females which were predominantly Malays 80.3% (252). Our study shows the prevalence of VH of 15.5% (35/226: 15.5%, 95%CI: 11.2, 20.4) among parents based on the 15-item PACV scale. In univariate analysis, our study did not see any link between sociodemographic factors to VH in parents. Only five of these determinants were in the final model as statistically significant (p \< 0.05) predictors of VH among parents in KL. The five factors were introduction to new vaccine, past bad experiences on vaccinations, no trust in pharmaceutical industries, no trust in health system and provider as well as male gender. CONCLUSION: Factors contributing toward 15.5% of VH in KL, Malaysia must be studied further for any temporal relationship to the under-immunization in children in order to reach the WHO goal of 100% immunization coverage in children.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia, 2School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {determinants, parental attitudes to childhood vaccine (PACV), prevalence, vaccine hesitancy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-104,
title = {What Are the Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Contacts Turning Up for Their Screening Appointments?},
author = {Kartik Kaliyana Sundram},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Contact screening is an essential component of tuberculosis control in Malaysia to identify individuals with tuberculosis and latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite the government’s effort in reducing transmission among TB patient’s relatives and friend, only few turn up for their screening appointments. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis contacts attending screening and the factors influencing them. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on identified and registered tuberculosis contacts in Marang district from year 2013 to 2017. RESULTS: Among 910 tuberculosis contacts selected,77% attended the initial screening,46% three months after initial screening,16% after six months and 2.3% two years later. The fourth tuberculosis screening appointment has the highest absenteeism which is 97%. Smokers and those having co-morbid such as diabetes and hypertension has higher percentage of attending screening appointments compared to others (66%).We found that those staying far from health facilities (81%) statistically significant in attending at least one screening visit as compared to those living near them (73%) or staying in remote areas (41%) Among contacts who were screened, only 0.4% has yielded positive test. DISCUSSION: This study shows that tuberculosis contacts are not consistent in attending their screening appointments. Among the various factors identified for their attendance are distance from home to the nearest health facility, occupation and co-morbid. This study demonstrates that TB screening activities among our population need to be strengthened to achieve the success of our National TB control programme.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Marang District Health Office},
keywords = {contact screening, defaulting appointment, tuberculosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-105,
title = {What Causes Low Yield Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Smear Positive Contacts in Kuantan? - Key for Improvement},
author = {Shahdattul Dewi Nur Khairitza Taib and Mohamed Sapian Mohamed and Nor Azlina Abdullah and Muhammad Khaidir Aripin and Nazirah Jusuh and Noor Azurah Wan Chik and Fatimah A. Majid},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Contacts who are exposed to infective pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients are at substantial risk of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). The prevalence of active TB among contacts to PTB patients was 3.5-5.5%. The incidence of active TB is highest in the first year and remains above background incidence for at least 5 yrs after exposure to a patient with TB. The objective of this study is to determine the causes of low yield among PTB smear positive contacts in Kuantan. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study consists of hundred PTB smear positive cases in Kuantan in the year 2018. Data were obtained from the electronic disease registration system (MyTB) and from patient’s record. Data was analysed using SPSS. RESULTS: From hundred index cases, 994 contacts identified. The overall yield for active TB among contacts was 0.22%. The defaulter rate for first screening was 9%, 84% at second screening, 90% at third screening and 94% at fourth screening. Only 38% of contacts classified as household contacts, 54% were occupational contacts, 7% were other relatives while 0.5% was social contacts. CONCLUSIONS: Low yield of active TB among PTB smear positive contacts contributed by high defaulter rate and lack of contact prioritization. Pertaining to its highly contagious nature, adequate contact investigation and management is mandatory for all PTB smear positive cases. Early diagnosis of active TB among contacts lead to less severe disease and stop further transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to others.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Pahang, Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Kuantan},
keywords = {Active tuberculosis, defaulter rate, household contacts, occupational contacts},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-106,
title = {What Makes Occupational Health Services Seems Difficult to Be Implemented?},
author = {Amalina Mohd Roze and Niza Samsudin and Nor Azlina A. Rahman and Muhammad Zubir Yusof and Ailin Razali and Nik Mohamed Nizan Nik Mohamed and Nik Ahmad Kamal Nik Mahmood and Mohd Shaqif Syed Jamaludin and Suriati Sidek and Ahmad Fitri Abdullah Hair and Raj},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The estimation of occupational accidents or work-related illness globally by International Labour Organization (ILO) has reached up to 2.3 million each year. From this estimation, 160 million workers fall victim to work-related diseases annually. Despite this, the accessibility to occupational health services is still low. Almost 80% of the total working population do not have access to OHS. Competent occupational health professionals are required to have good OHS accessibility. However, certain challenges faced by these professionals may cause poor coverage of OHS. This study aims to describe the difficulties faced by occupational health doctors in providing the occupational health services in Malaysia. METHODS: Qualitative methods were utilised for the study using focus group discussions and interview responses. The responses were recorded and transcribed precisely. NVivo version 11 was used to facilitate the data analysis process which follows the thematic analysis strategies. RESULTS: Four codes were identified as underlying factors that causing the occupational health services difficult to be implemented which include reporting issues, industries attitudes, standard and guidelines, and practising issues. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that all factors need to be critically addressed on a national basis to help facilitate the implementation of OHS in Malaysia.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, IIUM, Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM, Department of Otorhinolaryngology \& Head-Neck Surgery, Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM, Montoques Sdn. Bhd., Kuantan, Pahang, Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, IIUM, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, IIUM, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources},
keywords = {Occupational Health Doctor, Occupational Health Services, Qualitative Study},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-107,
title = {Workplace Violence Among Healthcare Workers (District Health Offices and Health Clinics) - Pulau Pinang 2018},
author = {Mohd Ridzuan Janudin and Shazlin Umar and Abdul Syukur Abdul Aziz and Shazatul Shazmin Samsudin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: For long a ‘forgotten’ issue, workplace violence has gained momentum recently and now a global concern. Underreporting is a major barrier to institution of effective programs to assess and manage workplace violence. Only two notifications reported in 2018 from District Health Offices and Health Clinics in Pulau Pinang. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of workplace violence in 2018 and factors associated with it. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare workers in District Health Offices and Health Clinics involving Doctors, Nurses, Medical Assistant, Environmental Health Officer and Assistant Environmental Health Officer. A validated and pretested questionnaire was used. Incidence rate and adjusted odd ratios of workplace violence were calculated to examine associated factors to workplace violence by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The response rate for survey completion was 92.7% (1186/ 1280). Among the respondents, 368 (31.0%) experienced workplace violence in 2018; 19.9% experienced verbal abuse, 5.1% written abuse, 2.8% experienced physical aggression, and 1.4% experienced sexual harassment. Majority (31.0%) involved Nurses. The significant risk factors found to be associated with workplace violence were Job Categories (p\<0.05) and Years of Service (p\<0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of workplace violence in 2018 (District Health Offices and Health Clinics) in Pulau Pinang was 0.3 per 10,000 healthcare workers. Most of the cases were not notified. Certain Job Categories and Years of Service had higher probability to experience workplace violence. Concerted effort to increase notification and the countermeasures for workplace violence at those high-risk group should be investigated.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Occupational Environmental Health Unit, Penang State Health Department, Seberang Perai Selatan District Health Office, Penang State Health Department, Public Health Development Unit, Penang State Health Department},
keywords = {healthcare workers, Pulau Pinang, workplace violence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-108,
title = {40 Years of Alma Ata Malaysia: Infrastructure Phc Development Reducing the Urban-Rural Divide Targeting Equitable Access Through Urbanisation for Health},
author = {Fariza Fadzil and Safurah Jaafar and Rohana Ismail},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Health services infrastructure an interplay of resources; equipment, logistics, transport, supplies, manpower, management and information are crucial for effective delivery of quality health care programmes. This paper critically analyses the Malaysian’s PHC infrastructure historical development in its effort to reduce urban-rural divide targeting equitable access. METHODS: This review collated information through literature search from published and unpublished research papers. RESULTS: In pre-colonial period, health care facilities relate to cultures of the native people. It became more structured during the post-independence period in 1957. Driven by the goal of building an equitable health care system, reducing the urban-rural health divide, the “Three-tier Rural Health Services” was created and gradually transformed to Two-tier system in the 1970s to reduce delays in relaying referrals for medical attention. Further reforms were seen in 1994 when the outpatient services were transferred from the hospitals to the health clinics giving even greater prominence to primary care services. Modernisation of the health infrastructure development were guided by the “Medical and Design Brief” that provides standardisation according to scope of services syncing intimately the services, manpower and infrastructure. The mobile health services continue to penetrate making deeper inroads to remote areas and marginalised groups. DISCUSSION: During the course of time with urbanisation taking place, delivery systems, scope of services and health care infrastructure including the physical build-up design for health clinic are crafted with the aim of “leaving no one behind” whether they are in rural or urban, remote or in the heart of the city.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, International Medical University, Malaysia, Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {access, apcph2019, equity, PHC Infrastructure, universal health coverage, urban-rural divide},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-109,
title = {A 5-Year Review of Colorectal Screening Program in Penang},
author = {Nadia Salwa Mustafar Ramdzuan and Farzaana Adam},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) rank second among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Malaysia. Its incidence increased after the age of 50 years in both sexes. Ministry of Health Malaysia had started implementation of CRC screening programmes since 2014. The objective of this study is to review the CRC screening programme since its implementation in Penang. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected from 2014 to 2018. Clients screened were attendees of Health Clinics throughout Penang. Those that are found to have positive immunochemical fecal occult blood tests (iFOBT) were referred for colonoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 19,280 clients were screened, which covered about 1.12% from the Penang population of ages 50 to 75 years old. Clients with positive iFOBT were 1,040 (5.4%), with subsequently 517 (49.7%) underwent colonoscopy. Colorectal cancers were diagnosed in 25 (4.8%) cases. CONCLUSION: The number of clients underwent iFOBT were encouraging. However, implementation of CRC screening program needs to be strengthened especially in convincing more clients to undergo colonoscopy.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Non Communicable Disease Control Unit, Penang State Health Department},
keywords = {apcph2019, colorectal cancer, iFOBT, screening},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-110,
title = {A Review of a Severe Acute Respiratory Illness Cases Among Umrah / Hajj Pilgrims in Perak, Malaysia 2016},
author = {Husna Maizura Ahmad Mahir and Masliza Mustafa and Hairul Izwan Andul Rahman and Nadrah Arfizah Ariffin and Alvin Tan Lik Hooi and Asiah Ayob and B Venugopalan},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Air travel increases risk for rapid transmission of communicable diseases including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) particularly in mass gathering events such as umrah/hajj pilgrimages. Following MERS-CoV emergence, nations worldwide conduct enhanced surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (sARI) among returning hajj/umrah pilgrims. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted on notified cases of suspected MERS-CoV cases (\>18-years), presenting within 14-days of returning from hajj/umrah, registered in the 2016 Perak MERS-CoV Surveillance Database. This study aimed to describe possible risk factors of sARI among the study population. RESULTS: A total of 85 suspected MERS- CoV cases were analysed. The median age was 61.0 years (IQR14.0), comprised of 43(50.6%) males and 42(49.4%) females. Forty six percent (20 cases) of the males were smokers. All cases were vaccinated for meningococcus, while 23 patients (27.1%) had influenza vaccination and 22 patients (25.9%) had pneumococcal vaccination. Seventy percent of the cases had awareness on MERS-CoV, while 12 cases had exposure history to camels (14.1%). No confirmed MERS-CoV cases were detected. The main diagnosis was Community Acquired Pneumonia (41 cases), Influenza (35 cases) and other respiratory infections (9 cases). Diabetes Mellitus was an important co-morbidity among the cases (p=0.03) and influenza vaccination was protective against influenza infections, OR:0.21 (95%CI: 0.06-0.69). DISCUSSION: This study recommended the need for mandatory influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations and optimal diabetic control for umrah/hajj pilgrims. This is in addition to regulation of travel agencies to reduce the risk of MERS-CoV exposure by avoiding recreational trips to camel farms during the pilgrimage.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Diseases Control Section, Public Health Division, Perak State Health Department, Malaysia, Communicable Diseases Control Unit, Kinta District Health Office, Perak, Malaysia, Communicable Diseases Control Unit, Batang Padang District Health Office, Perak, Malaysia, Surveillance Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Public Health Division, Selangor State Health Department, Malaysia},
keywords = {apcph2019, influenza vaccination, MERS COV, pneumococcal vaccination, respiratory illness, umrah/hajj pilgrimage},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-111,
title = {A Study of the Leadership Styles of Healthcare Managers in Northern Malaysia},
author = {Chiew Wye Lee},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: An effective organization needs competent management and skillful leadership. Leaders exhibit different leadership styles, namely transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style and laissez-faire leadership style to carry out and achieve organization goals. The aim of this study is to determine the dominant leadership style of healthcare managers. METHODS: Using simple random sampling, 208 healthcare leaders and 406 subordinates were selected to answer a self-administered Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire 5X. RESULT: The mean age of healthcare leaders was 43±8 years with the majority of them from the public health (48%), hospital (34%) and state department (18%). The mean age of their subordinates was 37±9 years. The self-rating survey revealed that the healthcare leaders were more inclined towards transformational leadership (mean 3.03±0.63) compared to transactional leadership (mean 2.90±0.70) and avoidant leadership (0.67±0.62). The outcomes of their leadership had a mean score of 2.94±0.58. However, the subordinates rating suggested that their leaders’ leadership styles were more of transactional leadership (mean 2.82±0.75) than transformational leadership (mean 2.69±0.78). Rating by the subordinates of avoidant leadership (0.86±0.71) had a higher mean value than self-rating. To the subordinates the overall leadership outcomes rated a score of 3.03±0.74. DISCUSSION: Self-perceived as transformational, healthcare leaders prioritize individualised consideration and intellectual stimulation of their subordinates. However, as revealed in this study, they exhibit transactional leadership. Healthcare has strict and varied regulations transactional leadership is most likely to be dominant. Transactional leadership should evolve into transformational leadership, in order to be better and effectively manage an organization.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pakar Perubatan Kesihatan Awam},
keywords = {apcph2019, healthcare leaders, leadership style, MLQ5X},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-112,
title = {Abdominal Obesity Among Malaysian Elderly: The Contributing Factors},
author = {Azli Baharudin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The increase in the prevalence of abdominal obesity (AO) among Malaysians contributes to the increased rate of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease and certain types of cancer. METHODS: A total of 3,977 elderly aged 60 years and above participated in this study. This is a cross-sectional study with two stratified random sampling. Socio-demography was obtained through face-to-face interview and waist circumference was measured using SECA measuring tape. AO was classified using cut-off values of ?90cm for men and ?80cm for women based on the recommendation from World Health Organization. Complex sample descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The findings showed that 67.3% of elderly have AO. The prevalence of AO was higher among elderly from urban areas (69.7%, 95%CI: 66.01, 93.01), females (78.4%, 95%CI: 75.01, 81.39), and those were married (68.7%, 95%CI: 64.42, 72.66). Besides, the prevalence of AO was higher among elderly who had tertiary education (73.6%, 95%CI: 66.14,79.86) and who were unemployed (70.9%, 95%CI: 63.84, 73.79)]. The complex sample logistic regression analysis shows that elderly from urban (aOR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.88), females (aOR: 2.72, 95%CI: 2.17, 3.40), who were unemployed (aOR: 1.21, 95%CI: 0.89, 1.40), with hypertension (aOR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.22, 1.75), with hypercholesterol (aOR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.62) and with diabetic mellitus (aOR: 2.08, 95%CI: 1.62, 2.66) were significantly associated with AO. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, most of the socio-demographic factors and history of having non-communicable diseases were the contributing factors to AO among Malaysian elderly. Implementing of obesity intervention among pre-elderly and elderly is vital to combat the epidemic of AO in Malaysia.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health},
keywords = {abdominal obesity, apcph2019, Elderly, Malaysia, National Health \& Morbidity Survey},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-113,
title = {Achievements and Challenges of Verbal Autopsy in Penang After One Year of Implementation},
author = {Mei Ching Lim and Farzaana Adam},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Precise data on cause of death is essential in development and evaluation of health policy. Verbal autopsy (VA) was introduced to reduce the indistinct mortality causes and to improve medically certified deaths. The objective of this study is to review the performance and challenges faced in Penang since the implementation of VA. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilised Death Data outside Medical Facilities in Penang from August 2017 to July 2018. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained medical staffs to the next of kin of the deceased using Validated WHO VA Questionnaire (with sensitivity 50-75%). Completed questionnaires were reviewed by trained Doctors who assigned the most likely underlying cause of death. RESULTS: There were 4,178 cases allocated for VA in Penang. Successfully interviewed cases were 1,530 (36.63%) while 2,610 cases (62.47%) were unsuccessful due to various reasons namely wrong or incomplete address (11.51%), next of kin not traceable (43.71%) and 303 cases refused for interview (noted 4.0% was due to language barrier). Out of the 1,530 cases interviewed, 256 cases (16.7%) were related to cancer, with the main cancer involving the Trachea, Bronchus and Lungs (3.9%), followed by Cancer of the Colon, Rectum and Anus (3.5%) and Breast Cancer (2.1%). The other major causes of death were acute coronary syndrome (15.6%), cerebrovascular accidents (8.6%) and pneumonia (5.9%). CONCLUSION: Additional effective approach is essential to detect the next of kin so that more interviews can be conducted, and in-depth training is also needed especially to determine the underlying cause of death.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Unit, Penang State Health Department},
keywords = {apcph2019, Causes of death, challenges, Verbal Autopsy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-114,
title = {Addressing Climate Change and Health: A Coherence Between the Adopted International Agreements in Malaysia},
author = {Rohaida Ismail and Anis Salwa Kamarudin and Normazura Mustapa and Siti Sara Yaacob and Shahida Ismail},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Growing urbanisation, globalisation, and climate change have been identified as three major global trends since 2013. The international agreements signify as major global efforts to tackle existing issues and future challenges at different levels. This paper aimed to explore coherence between the adopted international agreements, and to develop a framework interrelated with climate change and health co-benefit. METHODS: This paper identifies the adopted international agreements in Malaysia, which addressing the climate change and public health impacts. We review the coherence in the activities, monitoring process and goals of the identified agreements, and subsequently develop a framework. RESULTS: Five international agreements are identified in leveraging climate change with health impact; the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, Paris Agreement, New Urban Agenda, and 2005 International Health Regulation. These agreements have created a significant opportunity and challenges to build coherence across different but overlapping sectors. Since the adoption, nationally synchronised efforts emphasised in reducing existing and preventing new environment and health risks, and strengthening environmental and community resilience, thus accomplishing the efforts in reporting and achieving goals. Integrated flood management, haze and heatwave action plan, and extreme weather warning system are among the response at national and local level. Malaysia also outlined public health adaptation measures by enhancing and sustaining health services, preparedness and response plans, monitoring and disease surveillance, and capacity-building. CONCLUSION: Synergies implementation and monitoring process of five international agreements will contribute to global and local health co-benefits in changing climate.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pasir Mas District Health Office, Kelantan, Malaysia, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Public Health Division, Melaka State Health Department, Melaka, Malaysia, Public Health Division, Selangor State Health Department, Shah Alam, Malaysia, Public Health Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {apcph2019, climate change and health, development goals, international agreements},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-115,
title = {Advancing in Urban Development: Health Profile Among Teenage Population in Selangor},
author = {Siti Sara Yaacob and Anis Salwa Kamarudin and Normazura Mustapa and Rohaida Ismail and Shahida Ismail and Yunus Mohd Rashidi},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Adolescents are the group of children transforming to adults, aged 10 to 19 years; they are healthy individuals but can face a number of health-related issues. There are more than 1.2 billion adolescents worldwide, and they make up 15% of 32 million Malaysia populations. Out of this, 920,700 are from Selangor which is 15.6% of 5,864,500 total populations. This study aims to determine the health profile among teenage population in Selangor. METHODS: A community screening was conducted in 2018. A total of 55,474 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, who were screened in all government health clinics, were selected using convenient sampling. They were given structured questionnaires to complete; with the variables related to demographic characteristics and morbidity profile. Data was analysed using SPSS version 18.0. RESULTS: The screening coverage was more in sub-urban areas, with 55.8% were females, and 79% were in age group of 15-19 years. The morbidities were nutritional-related issues (27.5%), followed by high risk behaviour issues (2.8%) and physical-related issues (2.7%). More than half of respondents had normal body weight (74.1%) and none had stunted growth. A total number of 7609 (13.7%) respondents needed further management; most referral cases were seen by medical officers (57.5%), followed by dietician (25.8%). Least referral cases were seen by family medicine specialists (0.59%), counsellors (0.50%) and social welfare officers (0.01%). CONCLUSION: Based on this health profile of teenage population, there is a need of intervention program to improve their health and to be implemented comprehensively at all levels.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Division, Selangor State Health Department, Shah Alam, Malaysia, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Public Health Division, Melaka State Health Department, Melaka, Malaysia, Pasir Mas District Health Office, Pasir Mas, Malaysia, Public Health Unit, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {apcph2019, health profile, primary health care, teenage population},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-116,
title = {Age Differences in The Associations of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms with Cognitive Decline in Older Taiwanese: Results from A National Cohort Study},
author = {Jiun-Yi Wang and Shujen Lee Chang},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The associations of physical activity and depressive symptoms with cognitive decline are likely age dependent. Understanding the age differences can be helpful to prevent cognitive decline effectively. The study aimed to investigate the age differences in the associations of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and depressive symptoms with cognitive decline in older Taiwanese. METHODS: A total of 3545 participants, aged ?50 years, from 2003 (baseline) and 2007 (end-point) survey datasets were analysed. Cognitive decline was defined as a remarkable decrease on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. The long-term LTPA and depressive symptoms considered the pattern of change between the two time-points. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations, stratified by age groups. RESULTS: The association between the long-term LTPA and cognitive decline was significant in the older group (aged ?70), but not in the younger group (aged 50-69). Compared to those with inactive LTPA in both time-points, participants in the older group were less likely to have a cognitive decline if they were active in both time-points (odd ratio, OR: 0.27, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.52), activity increased (OR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.71), and activity decreased (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.96). Meanwhile, significant associations were observed between the long-term depressive symptoms with cognitive decline in both the younger and older groups. DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the existence of age differences in the associations of LTPA and cognitive decline. The benefit of LTPA and impact of depressive symptoms should be taken into consideration for different age groups.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University},
keywords = {apcph2019, influenza vaccination, MERS COV, pneumococcal vaccination, respiratory illness, umrah/hajj pilgrimage},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-117,
title = {An Analysis of Measles Cases in Perak State, Malaysia, 2017-2018},
author = {Masliza Mustafa and Hairunnisa Hashami and Husna Maizura Ahmad Mahir},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Measles is currently a major public health issue globally including in Perak state, Malaysia. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of 2017-2018 Perak measles surveillance database. RESULTS: Total confirmed measles cases were 104. Twenty-two (21.2%) cases aged below 1 year, 31.7% 1-14 years, and 47.1% 15 years and above. Forty-six (44.2%) cases were treated as in-patient, 44.2% as out-patient, and 11.5% did not seek medical treatment. Nineteen (18.3%) cases had diarrhoea and 8.7% pneumonia. No information about otitis media or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The source of infection was unknown in 51.9%, 26.0% exposed to household members or relatives, 14.4% including 2 healthcare workers had contact with health facility within 7-21 days before measles onset, 5.8% were exposed outside Perak, 4.8% at workplace, 5.8% at education institution, 1.9% while abroad. Twenty-six cases (25.0%) had history of measles immunisation, with 38.5% had documentation and 61.5% by verbal history. Another quarter were not immunised due to vaccine hesitancy (50.0%), missed vaccination (15.4%), born before measles vaccine introduction in the national immunisation programme (11.5%), medical reason (3.8%) and unknown reasons (19.2%). Twenty-one cases (20.2%) not yet eligible for immunisation while 29.8% unknown immunisation status. DISCUSSION: Measles is still a public health challenge in Perak. Healthcare providers should take the opportunity for measles immunisation during every encounter with children under 15 years old. Notified cases should be followed up to detect and treat complications, especially otitis media and SSPE. Further studies on potential nosocomial and occupational spread of measles in healthcare settings may be considered.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Diseases Control Section, Public Health Division, Perak State Health Department, Malaysia},
keywords = {apcph2019, complications, exposure, immunisation, measles, measles vaccine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-241,
title = {Prevalence and Factors Associated with Physical Abuse at Home Among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia; A Population Based Nationwide Study},
author = {Thamil Arasu Saminathan and Shubash Shander Ganapathy and Rajini Sooryanarayana and Mohd Hazrin Hasim and Mohd Fuad Mohd Anuar and Fazila Haryati Ahmad and Lee Ann Tan and MB BCh BAO and S Maria Awaluddin and Tahir Aris and Azriman Rosman},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Physical abuse among adolescents at home still persists despite measures by the relevant authorities. We aim to assess the current situation in Malaysia. METHODS: Data from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017 was used for this study. A total of 27,497 school going adolescents answered a self-administered questionnaire in this study. A complex sampling analysis was applied to identify factors associated with physical abuse among adolescents using Multiple Logistic Regression analysis. RESULTS: The self-reported prevalence of physical abuse at home among students was 11.8%. Our result shows that adolescents aged 13 had significantly higher odds (aOR:2.10, 95%CI: 1.66, 2.66) of such abuse, with odds decreasing as the adolescents age. Girls (aOR:1.27, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.54) and adolescents from Indian ethnicity (aOR:1.72, 95%CI: 1.23, 2.40) had higher odds of such abuse. Other associated factors were mental health problems like depression and suicide ideation, substance abuse like alcohol consumption and drug use, and also school related problems like truancy and involvement in physical fight. CONCLUSION: Physical abuse among adolescents at home should be countered with appropriate measures at various levels, as it is an issue with divergent risk.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Violence and Injury Prevention Unit, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {adolescent, Adolescent Health Survey, home, Malaysia., National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS), physical abuse},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-242,
title = {Prevalence and Factors Associated with Self-Reported Vision Disability Among Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 60 And Above in Malaysia: Findings from The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018},
author = {Nor'Ain Ab Wahab and Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasan and Noor Ani Ahmad and Lee Ann Tan and Norhafizah Sahril and Noraida Mohamad Kasim and Abdul Aziz Harith and Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak and Rasidah Jamaluddin and Nik Adilah Shahein and Fazly Azry Abdul Aziz},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vision disability places elderly individuals at risk for a variety of negative health-related outcomes. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported vision disability among elderly people in Malaysia. METHODS: Data for 3932 respondents in this study were drawn from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018, a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted among those individuals aged 60 years old and above in Malaysia. Respondents were recruited using stratified cluster sampling, covering both urban and rural areas from all states. Self-reported vision disability was determined based on interviewer-administered questions adapted from the Washington Group on Disability. Multiple logistic regression using complex sampling design was applied to identify factors that were significantly associated with vision disability. RESULTS: About 4.5% of elderly individuals aged 60 and older self-reported vision disability, even when wearing glasses or contact lenses. Among those who have the vision disability, 41% were found to have hypertension. Vision disability was found significantly higher among elderly with no formal education (aOR:7.93, 95%CI: 1.63,38.66) compared to tertiary education, primary education (aOR:5.16, 95%CI: 1.13, 23.64) compared to tertiary education and being unemployed (aOR:2.98, 95%CI: 1.64, 5.40]). There was however, no significant difference in prevalence of associated factors based on locality, ethnicity, smoking and diabetes among the respondents. DISCUSSION: The majority of vision disability factors are avoidable. The importance of seeking timely treatment for visual impairment should be emphasized especially among elderly individuals in which these identified associated factors are prevalent.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Disability, Elderly, public health, vision disability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-243,
title = {Prevalence of Anxiety Among Adolescents in Malaysia: Findings from The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2012 \& 2017.},
author = {Rasidah Jamaluddin and Nik Adilah Shahein and Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak and Nor’Ain Ab Wahab and Fazly Azry Abdul Aziz and Chan Ying Ying and Norhafizah Sahril and Rajini Sooryanarayana and Norazizah Ibrahim Wong and Noor Ani Ahmad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Poor mental health can be due to depression, anxiety or stress. Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems among adolescents and the risk of developing anxiety is greatly increased during adolescence. The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of anxiety among school-going adolescents in Malaysia in 2012 and2017. METHODS: Data was obtained from NHMS 2012 and2017 which targeted adolescents aged 13-17 years. The number of respondents recruited in 2012 was 24,708 and 27,497 in 2017. The sampling frame used was from the list of secondary schools from the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Rural and Regional Development. A self-administered, validated questionnaire utilizing the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety was 39.6% (95%CI: 38.23, 41.06) for NHMS 2012 and 39.7% (95%CI: 38.39, 41.06) for NHMS 2017. Among males, the prevalence was 35.2% in 2012 and 37.1% in 2017. The prevalence of ever having had sexual intercourse in adolescents with anxiety had increased sharply from 9.7% in 2012 to 52.1% in 2017. The prevalence of anxiety among those who smoked cigarettes was 47.3% (95%CI: 44.45, 50.07) in 2017 which was three times higher compared to NHMS 2012 at 12.5% (95%CI: 11.10, 14.00). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of anxiety among adolescents is worrying with vast increases from 2012 to 2017 seen among adolescents who had sexual intercourse, smoked or were males. Therefore, mental health promotion and prevention targeting these adolescents should be prioritised.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {anxiety adolescents, National Health and Morbidity Survey Malaysia.},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-244,
title = {Prevalence of Disease and Injury Related Illness Among Medically Boarded Military Personnel in The Malaysian Armed Forces},
author = {Nur Aina Salim},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases involving communicable and non-communicable diseases cause a colossal weight to the military medical system around the world. The prevalence of injury-related diseases is also seen to be increasing in trend in the Malaysian Armed Forces. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of disease and injury related illness among medically boarded military personnel in the Malaysian Armed Forces. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving medically boarded military personnel of the Malaysian Armed Forces. The data was collected from the database of the Medical Department of the Malaysian Armed Forces Health Service Headquarters from the January 2000 to Dec 2018. RESULTS: A total of 3570 military personnel was analysed, of whom 95% were men. It was found that the prevalence of men affected by chronic diseases is 59% with the remaining developed injury related diseases. However, among ladies, 68% were mostly affected by injury rather than diseases. Conclusion: The prevalence of diseases was high among male military personnel compared to the woman. An integrated management plan involving prevention and control of diseases and injuries among military personnel is imperative especially in maximizing the military readiness in the future.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Malaysian Armed Forces, Medical Board, prevalence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-245,
title = {Prevalence of Diseases in Malaysian Battalion of United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon Year 2017/2018},
author = {Jaya Junaidi Mohd Kenali and Noorhashirin Harith Amin Muslan},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted based on the secondary data pertaining to the patients registered at both Malaysian Battalion’s Level 1 Hospital, Marakah Camp and Tibnin Camp in South Lebanon from Sep 2017 to Aug 2018. RESULTS: A total of 2069 cases recorded among peacekeeping personnel in Malaysian Battalion’s Level 1 Hospital of Marakah and Tibnin Camp. Fifty-nine per cent of the cases reported were medical health cases. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (16%) was found to be the highest, followed by Skin/Burn (10%), Musculoskeletal (9%), Others (6%), Gastrointestinal (6%), Ear-Nose-Throat (3%), Fever (3%), Eye (2%), Neurological (2%), Fracture (1%) and Pulmonary (1%). The highest prevalence of admission was to the level 1 hospital (0.5%), followed by level 3 hospital (0.5%) and level-2 hospital (0.3%). Three cases of medical repatriation were also reported.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Malaysian Armed Forces Health Services, Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {Disease, Malaysian Battalion, prevalence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-246,
title = {Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease Among Visual Display Terminal Workers of Creative Industry in Jakarta},
author = {Annisa Zakiroh and Silmi Lisani Rahmani},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition caused by ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. Visual Display Terminal (VDT) use have exposed workers to risk factor for DED symptoms. This study aims to identify the prevalence and risk factor of DED among VDT workers of the creative industry in Jakarta. METHODS: The study design is cross-sectional with 90 participants (23 men and 67 women; mean age 25.4 years). 34 (38%) of them engaged in computer \>8 hours. Data collected using a self-administered Ocular Surface Index (OSDI) questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence and risk factor of DED. The OSDI questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring DED severity (normal, mild to moderate, and severe). RESULTS: Of the 90, the DED group included 79 (severe, 50; moderate, 17; mild, 12) participants. Severe symptoms were observed in 13 male and 37 female participants. More than 8 hours use of VDT was associated with an increased risk of severe DED symptoms (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 0.52, 2.93). CONCLUSION: Approximately 88% of the VDT workers were diagnosed with DED. The condition is more prevalent among females and prolonged VDT users. Changes in the modifiable risks could lead to a better quality of life of VDT workers.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia 2Faculty of Medicine, Islamic State University of Jakarta, Indonesia},
keywords = {Dry Eye Disease, prevalence, Risk Factor, Visual Display Terminals (VDT)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-247,
title = {Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia Among Elderly in Malaysia and Its Associated Factors: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018},
author = {Halizah Mat Rifin and Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani and Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes and Nur Liana Abd Majid and Ling Miaw Yn and Thamil Arasu Saminathan and Hasimah Ismail and Ahzairin Ahmad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: One of the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is dyslipidemia which leads to the progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolemia and its associated factors among elderly in Malaysia. METHODS: This cross sectional, population-based survey was conducted throughout Malaysia in 2018. Data was analysed from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018 based on 3977 elderly persons aged 60 years and above. It employed a two-stage stratified sampling to represent the population in Malaysia. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Almost half (41.8%) of the elderly in Malaysia self-reported to have hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of self-reported hypercholesterolemia was higher in urban areas (43.3%) compared to rural (37.8%)and among females (45.7%) compared to males (37.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed those in urban areas (aOR:1.210; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.42) were significantly more likely to have hypecholesterolemia compared to rural areas. Meanwhile, those with primary (aOR:1.386; 95%CI: 1.121, 1.714) and secondary education (aOR:1.5.37; 95%CI: 1.203, 1.965) were significantly more likely to have hypercholesterolemia compared to those with no formal education. Those with diabetes (aOR:3.311; 95%CI: 2.768, 3.961), hypertension (aOR:6.285; 95%CI: 5.330, 7.412) and obesity (aOR:1.447; 95%CI: 1.178, 1.776) also were more likely to have hypercholesterolemia compared to those without those diseases. Smokers (aOR:0.680; 95%CI: 0.540, 0.856) were less likely to have hypercholesterolemia compared to non-smokers. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was found among the elderly. Therefore, a comprehensive public health commitment is required to ensure intervention programmes to reduce cholesterol levels are effective, especially for high risk groups.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor,},
keywords = {Elderly, Hypercholesterolemia, NHMS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-248,
title = {Prevalence of Stress and Urge Urinary Incontinence and Its Associated Factors Among Elderly in Malaysia},
author = {Fazly Azry and Noor Aliza Lodz and Nazirah Alias and Aznuddin Ab Razak and Nik Adilah and Noor Ani Ahmad and Rajini Sooryanarayana and Tan Maw Pin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Urinary incontinence is considered a geriatric colossal. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors for stress and urge urinary incontinence among older persons in Malaysia. METHODS: Data was extracted from Malaysia`s National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018 which comprised a representative nationwide sample. The Malay and English Language versions of the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) was used to identify both stress and urge urinary incontinence which were administered through face to face interviews. The QUID contains three stress and three urge questions with a maximum score of 15 for each component. Cut off scores for stress and urge urinary incontinence were ?4 and ?6 respectively. Descriptive analyses and multiple linear regression were employed. RESULTS: 3716 individuals aged 60 years and above completed QUID. Overall prevalence of stress incontinence was 2.9% and urge incontinence was present in 3.4%. Univariate analysis revealed depression, age and female gender were associated with stress incontinence. Depression (aOR:3.92, 95%CI: 2.58, 5.97) and female gender (aOR:2.91, 95%CI: 1.88, 4.50) remained significant after adjustment of age in a multivariate model. Similarly, dementia, depression and increasing age were associated with increased of urge incontinence in univariate analyses. Dementia (aOR:1.92, 95%CI: 1.20, 3.06) and depression (aOR:4.83, 95%CI: 3.22, 7.25) remained significant after adjustment for age in a multivariate model. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for urinary incontinence differ according to stress or urge symptoms. However, depression is associated with both stress and urge incontinence. Effective treatment for urinary incontinence may also reduced the burden of depressive symptoms.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, University of Malaya},
keywords = {older persons, QUID questionnaire, urinary incontinence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-249,
title = {Prevalence of Tuberculosis Among Prison Inmates in Kuantan, Pahang from 2012 to 2017},
author = {Nor Azlina Bt Abdullah and Zailamin Zakaria and Muhammad Khaidir B. Aripin and Ahmad Qusyairi B. Mohd Sapeli and Fatimah Bt. A. Majid and Shahdattul Dewi Nur Khairitza Bt Taib and Mohammad Farhan B. Rusli},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease, due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The high burden of TB in Malaysian prisons is a challenging phenomenon. The difficulty in ensuring continued comprehensive TB care in prison leads to delay in TB diagnosis and discontinuity of treatment. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of TB and the sosiodemographic characteristic of TB cases among the inmates. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study. This study used secondary data obtained from electronic database (MyTB database). We utilised data over a 6-year period from 2012 to 2017. Data was analysed using SPSS. RESULTS: A total of 77 inmates were diagnosed as TB during study period. 76.6% were diagnosed as PTB Smear positive. The prevalence of TB among prison inmates in Kuantan was 1.42 per 1000 inmates. The results showed that the mean age of the patients were 36.0± 7.195 years old. For risk factors of TB, from all patients, 58.4% were HIV positive, 3.9% suffered from diabetes mellitus while 74% were smokers. For the treatment outcome, 53.5% of the patients were cured, 9.1% completed treatment, 18.2% were defaulter while 18.2% died. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed the prevalence of TB in Kuantan Prison was higher than normal population but lower than compared to other studies involving inmates. HIV was the main risk factor and should be anticipated earlier.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Malaysian prison, myTB, PTB, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-250,
title = {Propagated Mumps Outbreak Among Religious School Students in Kuantan District, 2018},
author = {Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Mat Daud and Edre Mohammad Aidid and Sahrol Azmi Termizi and Akmalina Hanafi and Mohamad Hizham Mohamad and Dip Hanapi and Zulkifly Mohd Shah and Dip and Mohd Riduan Jamahari and Dip},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mumps is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable disease, caused by paramyxovirus. We report an assessment of propagated mumps outbreak among two religious school students in Kuantan district. The aim of the investigation was to describe the outbreak, identify risk factors and recommending preventive measures. METHODS: A suspected case was any person presented with symptoms of acute onset of unilateral or bilateral tender swelling of the parotid or other salivary gland from 13th November 2018 till 10th February 2019. A cross sectional study was conducted by interviewing cases and contacts. Buccal mucosa swabs were obtained from active cases and sent for viral studies. Environmental investigation was carried out to assess factors that facilitated transmission of the virus. RESULTS: A total of 35 cases were identified. 24 cases from the first religious school and 11 cases from the second religious school with mean age of 14.9 and 17.2 respectively. Symptoms were parotitis (100%), fever (42.9%), headache (22.9%), coryza (20%), orchitis (8.6%). The outbreak becomes propagated when students from both schools attends a religious gathering during the incubation period. 11 out of 12 samples sent were positive for mumps virus. We observed that the living dormitories were overcrowded. Daily activities involve close contact between students. Control measures that were undertaken were symptomatic treatment, provision of face mask and health education. CONCLUSION: There was a propagated mumps outbreak involving two religious schools in Kuantan district. We recommend early isolation of the ill students and health education for them.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Disease Control/Surveillance Unit, Pahang State Health Department, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Kuantan Health Office, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia},
keywords = {mumps, outbreak, vaccine},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-251,
title = {Providing Tertiary Healthcare Support in Humanitarian Crisis: An Analysis of Frequency, Distribution and Pattern of Diseases Seen in Malaysian Field Hospital, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh},
author = {Nik Qistina Rahim and M Arshil Moideen and M Alias Yazid and Mojibul H Sakil},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Malaysian Field Hospital (MFH) Mission provides humanitarian assistance to 1.2 million refugees through a Level 3 field hospital within the Rohingya refugees' safe zone in Cox Bazar since 2017. The latest rotation, Ops Starlight-2 run by Malaysian Armed Forces Health Services from 28th August 2018 until 28th February 2019. This paper describes the distribution of cases seen by the outpatient department during Ops Starlight-2. METHODS: A cross-sectional study through retrospective analysis of patient's health records over the period of six months were examined systematically. The inclusion criteria include only ethnic Bangladeshi and Rohingyas, who require regular follow-up for chronic diseases, pre-op assessments, post-op review/ care and any acute cases which require post-treatment reviews. Descriptive analysis was used. RESULTS: MFH received 63,200 patients during Ops Starlight-2. A total of 1520 cards were analysed. Approximately 55% came for subsequent follow up, while 12% defaulted. Demographically, 85% were Rohingyas. 70% were \>15 years of age, 21% were between 5 to 15 years old, and 9% were \<5 years old. 60% female and 40% male. 85% were Non-Trauma Cases, 51% required further interventions in which 99.4% from them were surgical patients. Common diseases seen were thyroid disease (20%), followed by hernia (11%), fractures (10%), cancer (7%), abscess (6%) and splenomegaly (3.5%). Hence, among the interventions done were thyroidectomy (9%), hernial repair (8%), immobilisation (6%), implant/plating (5%), incision and drainage (4.7%), excision (4.5%) and splenectomy (2.5%). CONCLUSION: Ops Starlight-2 treated a wide range of diseases in which the majority of the cases required surgical interventions.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Royal Medical and Dental Corps, Ministry of Defence, Malaysia, 2Ops Starlight-2, Malaysian Field Hospital, Bangladesh},
keywords = {Distribution of Diseases, Key words: Humanitarian Crisis, Malaysian Field Hospital, Ops Starlight-2, Rohingya, Surgical},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-252,
title = {Psychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injuries},
author = {Vidya Gopinadhan and Renukha Gunaselan and Dandaithapani Thyagarajan and Priya Sharda and Nasser Abdul Wahab},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric illness is an increasing part of the burden of disease worldwide. While psychiatric illness has multifactorial origin, traumatic brain injuries are a significant contributing factor. Recent studies have suggested that 1 in 5 patients may develop psychiatric symptoms post-trauma. As patients with traumatic brain injuries tend to be younger and in the working age-group, the potential loss to society is greater if they remain unidentified and untreated. METHODS: A retrospective study of 152 cases of traumatic brain injury presenting to our Neurosurgical Clinic during the six-month period between October 2017 and March 2018 was conducted. Data about the number of patients who developed psychiatric symptoms post-trauma was extracted. RESULTS: Of the 152 patients, 42 (27.6%) developed either axis I psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairment. There was a bimodal distribution of psychiatric illness noted; mostly in either patient with mild or severe head injury. The majority of patients presented with cognitive and memory impairment post-trauma (53%), while another 20% presented with depression with concurrent anxiety and/or psychosis. We noted that those who were referred to Neuropsychiatry early showed good progress and were able to return to school and work, whereas patients with undetected symptoms or delayed referrals remained unemployed or were terminated from their workplace due to disruptive behavior. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that traumatic brain injury may cause lasting vulnerability to psychiatric illness in some patients. This study emphasizes the importance of psychiatric screening and follow-up after traumatic brain injuries.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Hospital Pulau Pinang, Hospital Kuala Lumpur},
keywords = {Mental health, psychiatry, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-253,
title = {Psychological Consequences of Infertility Among Malaysian Infertile Men and Women: A Qualitative Study},
author = {Noor Izni Mohamed Shapie and Nik Daliana Nik Farid},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Infertility is a significant public health issue that affected many individuals globally. Certainly, it is not only a ‘disease of reproductive system’ but it frequently resulting in negative sequels, which may impair the quality of life. It has been linked to several mental health disorders. This study aims to explore the psychological consequences of infertility among Malaysian infertile men and women. METHODS: This qualitative study was done in the fertility clinic of 'National Population and Family Development Board' (LPPKN), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The respondents were 17 men and women affected by primary and secondary infertility with no surviving children in 2016 and were purposefully selected via maximum variation sampling. Seventeen in-depth interviews were carried out using semi-structured interview guide. The data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The study found that infertile individuals experienced negative psychological sequels of infertility including the occurrence of mental health ailments. The findings of this study include eight main themes which are: 1) Grief, sadness and disappointment. 2) Inferiority complex and low self-esteem. 3) Self- blame. 4) Anger. 5) Stress. 6) Anxiety. 7) Depression. 8) Suicidal behaviour. These may reduce the quality of life of infertile individuals. Most infertile individuals had negative psychological consequences that usually progressively worsen over time. Our society perception that highly appreciate parenthood aggravated the problem. DISCUSSION: This study revealed that Malaysian infertile men and women experienced numerous psychological consequences with devastating effect on mental health. Thus, this study may facilitate fertility facilities to strategize and redesign better intervention for the infertile individuals.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Family Health Development Unit, Miri Divisional Health Office, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia},
keywords = {Infertility, Mental health, psychological},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-254,
title = {Public Health Response to Mumps Case Detection During a Major National Sports Event},
author = {Masliza Mustafa and Husna Maizura Ahmad Mahir and Hairunnisa Hashami and Hasliza Mohammad and Ngo Siok Yung and Hasmaizal Hassim and Asiah Ayob},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In September 2018, a suspected mumps case involving a 16 years old athlete participating in a national-level sports event was notified to the nearest district health office. There was contact history with a suspected mumps case during training in mid-August 2018 and parotid swelling started while in home state. METHODS: Active case detection was carried out among 36 close contacts attending the sports for fever and/or parotid swelling. Three buccal swab samples were sent for PCR test. Risk assessment was conducted, and control activities initiated. RESULTS: Eleven close contacts (aged 16-52 years) had respiratory infections without parotid swelling and given symptomatic treatment. One sample was positive for mumps (the index case). All contacts were isolated, monitored daily and given face masks, hand sanitisers and health education. Psychological first aid was given to the team, and none needed further intervention. Risk assessment found that the contacts might develop symptoms during the tournament duration with an outbreak potential despite preventive measures. DISCUSSION: Due to the potential spread of mumps infection, the team was not allowed to participate in the games. The contingent was offered to send a replacement team, but they declined and withdrew from the tournament. A further risk assessment was conducted upon request by the state sport director for the team’s return to their state. The team was permitted to travel with precautionary measures and monitoring facilitated by the relevant point of entry health office and receiving state health department. Mumps outbreak in mass gatherings management guideline is recommended.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Diseases Control Section, Public Health Division, Perak State Health Department, Malaysia, Manjung District Health Office, Perak, Malaysia, Surveillance Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {mumps, outbreak management, public health response, sports event},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-255,
title = {Public Transport Usage to Access Healthcare Facilities by Older Persons in Malaysia},
author = {Rimah Melati Ab Ghani and Rajini Sooryanarayana and Yau Weng Keong and Elizabeth Chong Gar Mit and Norazizah Ibrahim Wong},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public transport is used by many people in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the percentage of older persons in Malaysia who used public transport to access healthcare facilities. This study provides data on usage of public transportation to access healthcare facilities, and dependency of older persons on others at the healthcare facilities themselves. METHODS: Data from 2018 NHMS, a national community-based survey among older persons aged ?50 years in Malaysia was used. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess transport usage to healthcare facilities among older persons. The questionnaires were completed by 7,117 older persons aged 50 years and above. Descriptive and complex sample analyses were employed as appropriate. RESULTS: Overall 92.5% older persons travelled using own transport to access healthcare facilities, with 4.5% depending on public transport. Rural older persons preferred commuting via public transport (15.7%, 95%CI: 7.36, 31.91) compared to urban older persons (4.8%, 95%CI: 3.13, 7.32). Female older persons required more assistance/ were dependent on others in all areas of the healthcare facilities: clinic area 17.9% (95%CI: 13.47, 2.70), toilet area 16.6% (95%:12.34, 22.10), and car park area 19.3% (95%CI: 14.73, 25.3). DISCUSSION: From this survey, the urban dwellers travelled to the healthcare facilities more frequency with their own transport. The female older persons required more assistance during their visits to the healthcare facilities. Therefore, provision of more public transportation options may assist older persons in accessing and utilising healthcare facilities, besides providing personnel to attend to older persons at the various areas on the healthcare premises themselves.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {healthcare facilities, Malaysia, National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS), older persons, public transport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-256,
title = {Quality Assurance of HIV Rapid Testing: A Cross-Sectional Interlaboratory Comparison},
author = {Yoong Lee Yeen and Lili Treasa Arulanandam and Monica Mimi Lai and Norazlin Jalalluddin and Prem Kumar A. Balakrishnan and Rozita Arifin and Zaleha Abdul Hamid and Amin Sah Ahmad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Rapid HIV test has been widely used in most healthcare facilities as HIV test screening tool. Quality reassurance is needed in enhancing the standards of point-of-care testing relating to HIV: Retaining sustainably consistent and precise test outcomes. To procure sufficiently competent infrastructures in training and support systems for HIV evaluation providers, with pre-requisitional certification. The objectives of this study are to determine the accuracy of point-of-care testing for HIV test by the performing staffs and identify the numbers of staffs who did not achieve the desired accuracy of 100% and to train them for improvement. This is a cross sectional study involving 43 staffs selected from judgement sampling from each primary healthcare facility under the Health Department of Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya (JKWPKL\&P) offering rapid HIV Tests from 13 to 26 May 2019. Every selected staff had to perform rapid HIV tests for Anti HIV 1 and 2 for five commercial control sera which shall yield positive andnegative results. As the result from the study were sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 96.5%, false positive rate of 2.3%, false negative rate of 3.6%. 88% of 43 staffs achieved 100% accuracy, whereas five staffs failed to achieve the desired accuracy in point-of-care testing. Through the results of the study, we were able to detect the staffs who needed training and analyse the root cause of the failure. As this continuous improvement via quality assurance, the accuracy of the performance of HIV Rapid Test can be improved and more reliable.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Division, Health Department of Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya},
keywords = {HIV, Point-of-care testing, Quality Assurance, Rapid Test},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-257,
title = {Quality Initiatives in the MOH: Do We Have Enough?},
author = {Samsiah Awang and Siti Fazira Edzua Jamaludin and Nur Khairah Badaruddin and Nur Wahida Zulkifli and Izzatur Rahmi Mohd Ujang and Normaizira Hamidi and Noorhasidah Abdul Rahman},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the inception of the Quality Assurance Programme in the MOH in 1985, more quality initiatives were introduced and implemented focusing on delivering safe, effective and efficient care that improves health outcomes of the populations. This paper aims to describe and illustrate the current implementation of quality initiatives in the MOH. METHODS: All ongoing directive quality initiatives in MOH were included based on available resources and feedback from relevant quality initiatives secretariat. The data were collected from January to May 2019 and mapped according to different groups; i) ownership ii) implementation level and iii) potential impact on quality which is further divided into four sub-categories; a) system environment b) reducing harm c) improving clinical effectiveness and d) engaging patients, families and communities. These sub-categories were adapted from quality interventions groupings illustrated in WHO Handbook for National Quality Policy and Strategy. RESULTS: A total of 32 quality initiatives were identified. Almost all programmes owned at least one quality initiative and some initiatives featured across multiple programmes. Majority of the quality initiatives falls under the sub-category of improving clinical effectiveness. Engagement with patients, families and communities was seen to be the least explored area. CONCLUSION: MOH has various quality initiatives implemented at multiple levels. The mapping provides useful information on the level of comprehensiveness, the gap of implementation and available range of quality initiatives. However, quality initiatives should not be viewed in isolation as combined interventions can lead to a greater impact on the quality of the health care services.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH)},
keywords = {Quality Assurance, quality efforts, quality initiatives, quality interventions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-258,
title = {Relationship Between High Risk Behaviors and Socio-Demographic Factors Among Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur: A Cross-Sectional Study},
author = {Yoong Lee Yeen and Mohamad Hazril Sham Mohamad Sum and Mohd Najib Abu Bakar and Rozita Arifin and Zaleha Abdul Hamid},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {This study is to ascertain the relationship between high risk behaviors and socio-demographic factors among adolescents in the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur. This research was conducted through health clinics under the Health Department of the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya (JKWP KL\&P) in year 2016. There are 300 respondents from Kuala Lumpur consisting of adolescents aged 15-19 were selected randomly through a screening, utilizing a set of questionnaires in a ‘Borang Saringan Status Kesihatan’ (BSSK). The data obtained was then analysed in the form of frequency and percentage. The main findings of the study showed that the prevalence of adolescents who involved in high risk behaviors predominantly older age group (17-19) (72%), male (71.2%), Malay (73.0%), secondary school education level (98.5%), staying in People Housing Program (PPR)/Flat House (83.3%). The highest prevalence among the high risk behaviors in adolescents are pornography (28.3%), cigarette smoking (28.0%) and loitering (27.0%). Finally, various implications as discovered through this study are annexed with proposals for further studies directed to relevant entities thereof.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Primary Healthcare Unit, Public Health Department, Health Departnemnt of Federal Territories Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya},
keywords = {adolescent, social behaviors, sociodemographic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-259,
title = {Reliability and Construct Validity of Newly Modified Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Medical Doctors On Smoking Cessation Guidelines Scales.},
author = {Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihin and Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamed and Mohd Aznan Md Aris},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Number of active smokers in Malaysia is increasing despite availability of stop smoking clinics and smoking cessation medications. Thus, the practice of the healthcare professionals involved in providing smoking cessation intervention using evidence-based guidelines needs to be assessed using validated assessment tool. Newly invented reliable and valid questionnaire is needed to be develop locally. This study aimed to develop and validate a newly modified questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical doctors based on national smoking cessation guidelines and factors contributing to the score. METHODS: The 22 items consist of mixture of true/false choice questions and Likert scaling response based on domain of 5A’s (ask, assess, advice, assist, arrange) and 5R’s (relevant, risks, rewards, roadblocks, repetitions) of the national stop-smoking guideline. The questionnaires were distributed to 131 primary care doctors. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency while construct validity was assessed using factor analysis. RESULTS: A high degree of internal consistency was observed for these 22-items (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87), with good knowledge subscale (0.72), attitude subscale (0.58) and practice subscale (0.92). Factor analysis showed five meaningful components which represent the smoking cessation framework. DISCUSSION: This study indicates that this questionnaire is most reliable and valid tool to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on stop smoking guidelines compared to previously available questionnaire.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University of Malaysia},
keywords = {reliability, smoking, validity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-260,
title = {Review of Tuberculosis Cases in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Federal Territory, 2017-2018},
author = {Mazni Baharom and Rohani Ismail and Nurul Farhana Mohd Azman and Shuhaily Ishak},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) remains to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally includes Malaysia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and distribution of TB case in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Federal Territory. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the secondary data from National Tuberculosis Information System for the period of 2017-2018. RESULTS: During the two-year period, there were a total of 4102 TB cases registered. Of this, 3988(97.2%) cases were adult and 115(2.8%) cases were children. The mean age was 41.32-year-old. There were 302 deaths (Case Fatality Rate: 7.4%) was recorded over the period. The incidence per 100,000 populations were: 1.2 and 1.16 for 2017 and 2018 respectively. The most affected were male (63.4%), age group 25-34 years old (23.3%) and Malaysia nationality (83.8%). Out of the five districts, Kepong had the highest proportion of TB cases (25.7%). A total of 2715(66.2%) from the cases were smoking, 714(17.4%) were diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus and 332(8.1%) with HIV positive. Majority of the cases, 3560 (86.8%) were immunised with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) and 2488(60.7%) live in flat or apartment type of residence. Among cases live in flat or apartment type of residence, 2130(85.6%) of them were Malaysian, 1506 (60.5%) were male, 1379(55.4%) were Malay, 1211 (48.9%) with secondary level of education and 1337 (53.7%) cases were diagnosed with PTB smear positive. DISCUSSION: Based on these social determinants, effective TB control strategies tailored to the specific group such as urban poor group is vital.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Federal Territory Health Department},
keywords = {Hot spot, Social determinants, tuberculosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-261,
title = {Risk Assessment for Measles Elimination Programme in WPKL\&P 2018},
author = {Rohaya Ramli and Zulfadli Nasir},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malaysia is committed to achieve target of Measles Elimination Status in 2025. Risk assessment is recommended to do regularly to evaluate the performance of Measles Programme. Parameters need to be assessed are Measles Population Immunity and Surveillance Quality. The target of risk assessment is to identify high risk area and to carry out specific intervention for target population. METHODS: Stakeholders were identified, and meeting was carried out to discuss the approach of risk assessment. Auditor teams were appointed and cross audited data at health clinics. Population immunity was evaluated by checking Child Health Card, Child Registration Book KKK 101 and Vaccination coverage data. Surveillance quality was assessed by analysis of data from enotice and e-Measles system. Finding was presented to stakeholders and specific intervention was planned. RESULTS: Totally 28 health facilities had been assessed. 14 facilities scored more than 50% and categorised as high risk. 10 clinics reported at least two measles cases age \>12 months to \<7 years and 11 clinics had MCV coverage less than 95% in 2017. DISCUSSION: In order to achieve Measles Elimination Status, it is important to strengthen the immunization programs such as proper defaulter tracing system and increase the immunization coverage. Supplementary Immunization Activity is suggested for areas that score more than 50%.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Communicable Disease Control Unit, Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur\&Putrajaya},
keywords = {Measles Elimination, Population Immunity, Surveillance quality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-262,
title = {Risk Behaviors Associated with Hepatitis C Infection Among Adult Patients in Kedah State, Malaysia},
author = {Mohd Azri Mohd Suan and Salmiah Md Said and Lim Poh Ying and Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman and Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is a global public health concern both in developed and developing countries. However, evidences regarding risk factors for hepatitis C is not well explored before in Malaysia. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors associated with hepatitis C among adult patients in Kedah state, Malaysia. METHODS: A matched, hospital based, case-control study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Kedah state. Cases were adults (aged ?18 years) diagnosed with hepatitis C between 2015-2018 while controls were age-, gender-, and ethnic-matched and tested negative for hepatitis C. Standard questionnaires on demographic and previous exposure to listed risk factors were filled up by all study participants. Association between hepatitis C, demographic and risk factors were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Total of 257 pairs case-control patients enrolled. Multivariate analysis indicate that blood or blood products transfusion (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 6.81, 95% confidence intervals [CI]; 3.64, 13.40), injection drug use (aOR 6.29, 95% CI; 3.53, 11.68), body piercing (aOR 1.68, 95% CI; 1.03, 2.75), tattoo (aOR 3.77, 95% CI; 1.39, 12.11), been jailed (aOR 4.68, 95% CI; 1.67, 16.76), sexual promiscuity (aOR 1.93, 95% CI; 1.10, 3.44) and secondary education (aOR 1.90, 95% CI; 1.06, 3.53) were independently associated with hepatitis C. CONCLUSION: Parenteral routes were the main mode of transmission for hepatitis C identified beside sexual promiscuity. Healthcare givers may use this finding as a screening tool for early detection and timely interventions of hepatitis C in these high-risk groups in Malaysia.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia},
keywords = {case-control, hepatitis C, Malaysia, Risk Factor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-263,
title = {Risk Factor for Mental Health Disorders Among Preschool Care Providers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
author = {MIN FUI and WONG and MASLINOR ISMAIL(Mal) MPH(Family Health)},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders in the general population and among workers. Caregiver-child interaction is crucial for children’s development outcome for the first 3 years of life. Caregiver who has negative mood, has negative impact on child’s behaviour outcome. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental disorders and its associated risks factors in particular job strain and socio-demographic risk factors among the preschool care providers in Kuala Lumpur. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with cluster random sampling was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, involving registered preschools (4 years old and below) under Social and Welfare Department, Kuala Lumpur. The inclusion criteria are registered preschool’s care providers, age 18 years above. Validated tools: CES-D and PHQ-9 were used to detect depression, GAD-7 for Anxiety and JCQ for Job Strain assessment. RESULTS: Total participants completed the study n=159. The preliminary results of the study show that the prevalence of depression measured by CES-D and PHQ-9 is 34.1% and 14.0% respectively. While the prevalence of anxiety measured by GAD-7 is 11.3%. Care providers with high Job demand have been found to be significantly associated with depression (CES-D aOR:3.26; 95%CI:1.56, 6.82},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia},
keywords = {anxiety, associated factors and child care providers, Common mental disorders, Depression},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-264,
title = {Risk Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Malaysian Military Officers in 2018},
author = {Zulkefley Mohammad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Hypertension can have serious occupational implications for a military officer, especially for those who have specialised training and has become an essential asset to the organisation. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of hypertension among senior military officers and to determine the associated factors. We reviewed medical records of a senior officer that underwent a routine medical examination at the Military Medicine Department, Kuala Lumpur Armed Forces Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. There were 625 officers with a majority from army 61.2% followed by navy 19.8% and air force 19.0%. The mean age of the officers was 47.4 (6.3) years, and the majority was a male officer 94.1%. The prevalence of hypertension was 8.8% (55 officers). Twenty-nine of them were known case of hypertension; meanwhile, 26 were newly diagnosed to have hypertension. Among senior officers who were known case of hypertension, nine officers have good BP controlled. There were 7.8% (49 officers) exhibited blood pressure in the range of pre-hypertension. Hypertension was significantly associated with elevated BMI (p=0.018), high serum uric acid (p=0.005) and elevated serum creatinine(p\<0.001). None of the military factors, i.e. type of service, rank and responsibility was associated with hypertension. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that increasing age, high BMI, elevated fasting blood glucose and serum uric acid were significant determinants for systolic hypertension. In conclusion, the prevalence of hypertension in the senior military officer was low compared to the general population. However, they shared similar risk factors.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Department of Community Health, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Military Medicine Department, Hospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan. Armed Forces Health Training Institute (INSAN). Health Services Division, Malaysian Armed Forces.},
keywords = {hypertension, Military officer, prevalence, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-265,
title = {Risk of 28-Day Readmissions Among Stroke Patients in Malaysia: Trend, Reasons and Its Associated Factors},
author = {Swee Hung Ang and Wen Yea Hwong and Sheamini Sivasampu and Michiel L. Bots and Ilonca Vaartjes},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Risk of early readmissions after a stroke is an important quality indicator for stroke care. This study aims to assess the trend in 28-day readmissions after a stroke from 2008 to 2015, and evaluate the causes and factors associated with readmissions in 2015. METHODS: Stroke patients were identified using discharge records from the Health Information Management System from 2008 to 2015. We included only patients who were discharged alive. The proportion of readmission within 28-days and its trend were analysed. Reasons for readmissions that were coded to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 were determined for 2015. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors that are associated with the readmissions. RESULTS: Among 151,729 eligible stroke patients between 2008 and 2015, 12.3% were readmitted within 28 days post-discharge from their stroke events. The trend remained stable over the years. Proportions of early readmissions were slightly higher in women (range:11.6% to 13.3%) compared to men (range: 10.9% to 12.7%). The commonest cause of readmission was recurrent strokes (32.1%), followed by complications from stroke which include pneumonia (13.0%) and sepsis (4.8%). Older age groups, stroke subtypes (haemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage), and longer length of stay (\>3days) during the index admission were associated with a higher risk of early readmission. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study will allow us to review our current stroke management and establish areas for further improvement, which includes minimising potentially preventable admissions and identifying target groups of patients who are prone to early readmissions.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands},
keywords = {readmission, Risk Factors, Southeast Asia, stroke, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-266,
title = {Role of Obstetric History, Preceeding Child Factors and High Risk Behaviours in Predicting Short Interpregnancy Interval Among Antenatal Mothers in Klang},
author = {Mardiana Omar and Nor Afiah Mohd and Zulkefli and Norliza Ahmad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Short Interpregnancy interval (IPI) affects maternal and perinatal outcomes such as maternal mortality, premature rupture of membrane, pre-eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, maternal anaemia, low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, perinatal mortality and neonatal mortality. This study aims to determine the determinants of short interpregnancy interval among antenatal mothers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 452 antenatal mothers attending health clinics in Klang in April 2018. The respondents were randomly selected, and data was collected by using a validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire. The dependent variable was short IPI and the independent variables were defined to be parity, menstrual cycle pattern, miscarriage history, illicit drugs abuse, smoking history, the preceding child’s sex and survival status, multiple birth and breastfeeding duration. The data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24. RESULTS: Among 452 antenatal mothers studied, 48% had short IPIs with a median of 23 months (IQR±24). Three predictors of short IPI were identified which were parity one (Adjusted Odds Ratio; aOR: 2.465, 95%CI: 1.519, 3.999), irregular menstruation (aOR: 1.844, 95%CI: 1.917, 2.841) and breastfeeding duration of less than 24 months (aOR: 2.846, 95%CI: 1.708, 4.743). Conclusion: The strongest predictor of short IPI was breastfeeding duration of less than 24 months followed by mothers with one parity and irregular menstruation. Higher authorities should integrate a multifaceted approach to create and sustain a breastfeeding culture to mitigate short IPI.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Community Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia, Klang Health District, Ministry of Health, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia},
keywords = {High risk behaviours, Obstetric history, Preceding child factors, predictors, Short interpregnancy interval},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-267,
title = {Salmonella Contamination of ‘Masak Lemak’ Chicken - A Food Poisoning Outbreak Among Pre-University Students in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan},
author = {Dalila Roslan and Noraliza Radzali},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: A notification was received on the 25 January 2019 from Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Pilah for food poisoning outbreak among pre-university students whom ate at a program prepared by the cafeteria. Investigation was done to verify the diagnosis, identify the risk factors and source of infection. METHODS: Epidemiology investigation was carried out followed by analytical case control study to assess the risk factors and determine the cause of outbreak. Microbiological investigations were done to confirm the presence of suspected pathogen and HACCP commenced to identify risk factors. RESULTS: 75 chickens were exposed in room temperature for more than four hours while it is being prepared by only three food handlers. The holding time was more than four hours. There were 46 cases among 660 students with overall attack rate of 6.97 %. Students whom ate the ‘masak lemak’ chicken had 3.5 times higher odds of getting food poisoning (Odds ratio: 3.62, 95%CI: 1.03, 12.75) as compared to other food. Environmental sample from the chopping board was positive for Salmonella together with 18 stool samples positive for Salmonella spp. DISCUSSION: This signifies evidence of poor handling and preparation of the chicken leading to Salmonella contamination. The cafeteria was closed for 14 days under the enforcement of CDC Act. They were given health education on proper handling of raw product. Practice of good hand hygiene and environmental hygiene were conveyed and monitored to prevent future outbreaks.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Kuala PIlah Health District Office, Kuala Pilah Health District Office},
keywords = {food poisoning, Negeri Sembilan, outbreak, Salmonella},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-268,
title = {Seeking the Environmental Source of Leptospirosis; Lembah Pantai District Health Office Experienced},
author = {Rozanim Kamarudin and Nur Fadhilah Zubair and Fitri Syafiqah Abdullah},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Environmental contamination is the major source of human leptospirosis. Therefore, it is important to identify environmental source for public health actions to lower leptospirosis outbreak burden. The aim of this paper is to share experienced in detecting source of infection for Leptospirosis outbreak recently occurred in Lembah Pantai Health Office (LPHO) operational area. METHODS: Following the establishment of leptospirosis outbreak, LPHO has initiated investigation and control activities. Based on the history of the cases and epidemiological study, environmental sampling of the suspected contaminated freshwater and watered soil were sent to MKAK for Lepto pathogen. RESULTS: One Leptospirosis outbreak occurred in one of institutional on the 1st until 14th March 2019. A total of 73 cases have fulfilled the definition criteria for Leptospirosis among 599 people who have history of exposure to the risky area. Out of 73 cases, only 24 cases were having positive serology in which amongst them a total of 15 cases having positive PCR test. Epidemiological investigation revealed propagated source of infection. This was further support by environmental investigation showing two high risk places of rodent infestation, that were water recreational area and the hostel where the patients lived. Soil sample from the institutional was positive for Lepto. CONCLUSION: Based on LPHO experienced, environmental investigation is an important tool to control Leptospirosis outbreak. By identifying the positive environment, resources can be targeted and concerted to the specific area to lessen the outbreak duration as well as Leptospirosis burden.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Lembah Pantai, Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {contaminated soil, contaminated water, environmental source, Leptospirosis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-269,
title = {Self-Reported Hypertension Among Older Person in Malaysia and Its Associated Factors},
author = {Nur Liana Ab Majid and Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani and Halizah Mat Rifin and Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes and Jane Ling Miaw Yn and Thamil Arasu Saminanthan and Hasimah Ismail and Ahzairin Ahmad and MEnvMg and Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a preventable cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the older person in Malaysia and its associated factors. METHODS: The study used data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey in 2018. It was a cross sectional study with stratified cluster sampling design. A total of 3977 adults aged 60 years and above were selected in this study. An information sheet and consent form were made available to every respondent. Respondents were given structured questionanaire via face to face interview using mobile device for data collection. Respondents were classified as having hypertension if they were told to have hypertension by medical personnel previously. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Multiple logistic regression model was used to examine the effects of associated factors with hypertension. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension was 51.1%. Hypertension was higher among other Bumiputras (aOR 1.92, 95%CI: 1.48, 2.49) and Chinese (aOR 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.53) and unemployed respondents (aOR 1.51, 95%CI: 1.26, 1.81), higher among respondents with: diabetes (aOR 3.27, 95%CI: 2.67, 3.99), high cholesterol (aOR 6.31, 95%CI: 5.34, 7.45), obesity (aOR 1.67, 95%CI:1.35, 2.08), inactive (aOR 1.34, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.59), and non smokers (aOR 1.67, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.09). CONCLUSION: Strengthening the provision of healthcare services and improving some of the modifiable associated factors is important to avoid the complication of hypertension.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor},
keywords = {Elderly, hypertension, Malaysia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-270,
title = {Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Domestic Waste Collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia},
author = {Siti Fatimah Kader Maideen},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Occupational exposure increases one’s risk to acquire infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and knowledge, attitude and practice of domestic waste collectors towards the prevention of Hepatitis B. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Penang Island from November 2017 to Mei 2018. Domestic waste collectors who have been working for at least six months and able to understand either Malay or English language were included in the study. Upon obtaining informed consent, participants’ blood was withdrawn and tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) using Elisa method. A result of reactive HBsAg indicates that the person is infected with Hepatitis B infection. The waste collectors were then interviewed on the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the prevention of Hepatitis B using a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 184 waste collectors participated in the study. Majority of the participants were married (76.6), of Bangladesh nationality (75.0%) and had attained primary education (42.4%). The prevalence of Hepatitis B in this study was 1.6% (n=3). Majority of the participants had poor knowledge (77.0%) on Hepatitis B. However, half of them had good attitude (53.6%) and majority had good practice (73.9%). Significant correlation was observed between attitude and practice scores (r=0.203},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: RCSI \& UCD Malaysia Campus},
keywords = {domestic waste collectors, Hepatitis B, KAP, Malaysia, prevalence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-271,
title = {Sirenomelia: A Mermaid Syndrome in Military Primary Health Care: A Case Report},
author = {Nur Hidayah Shamsudin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Sirenomelia is a rare complex congenital anomaly characterised by partial or complete fusion of lower limbs. It is commonly associated with the malformation of urogenital and gastrointestinal abnormalities. The incidence of this anomaly is very rare that the ratio is 0.8 - 1 / 100,000 births. Most of the cases were reported to be associated with tobacco usage, drug abuse, maternal diabetes, heavy metal exposure, and the usage of retinoids. Approximately 300 cases being reported in the literature worldwide with few reports of surviving infants. Few cases were reported in Malaysia but only through the newspaper. This case was found after a severe oligohydramnions with 1 femur findings was made using ultrasound during routine antenatal check up at 712 Pusat Perubatan Sungai Besi. Being the secondhand exposure to cigarette and vape might be associated to the cause of anomaly in this case. This pregnancy was able to survive until term, however died after 1 hour of delivery due to congenital complications.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pusat Perubatan Angkatan Tentera Sungai Besi, Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, Malaysia},
keywords = {mermaid syndrome, rare disease, sirenomelia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-272,
title = {SisPAA: What Is Clients’ Complaint in Lembah Pantai Health Facilities?},
author = {Diana Mahat and Rozanim Kamarudin},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Sistem Pengurusan Aduan Awam (SisPAA), Ministry of Health (MOH) provides an online platform for public to make complaints about MOH’s services. The objective of this study was to identify the total number and characteristic of the complaints raised related to health services delivered by facilities under Lembah Pantai Health Office (LPHO). METHODS: This study analysed secondary data retrieved from SisPAA, MOH. All complaints captured in SisPAA from January 2016 to December 2018 were analysed and descriptive data was presented by frequency and percentage. RESULT: A total of 272 complaints were recorded for the past 3 years and 44 (16.2%) were complaints related to health facilities. With total of 947,216 attendances in 12 health facilities, the complaint rates were 4.6 per 100,000 attendances. Regarding the characteristic of the complaint, higher percentage was noted among female complainers (52.3%), age group between 21-40 years old (80.0%), 72% by those who received the service itself and Malay ethnicity (65.9%). Half of the complaints were lodged related to Klinik Kesihatan’s services, 60% of complainers submit their complaint within one week from the date they came to clinics, and 38% were related to attitude of the staffs. Majority of the complaints were investigated and solved within 15 days, with median of 11.0 days (IQR 6 days). Investigation reports revealed 61% of the complaints were classified as valid. CONCLUSION: The rate of public complaints related to health facilities under LPHO was considered low, however more than half of the complaints were concluded as valid complaints.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Pejabat Kesihatan Lembah Pantai, Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia},
keywords = {health facilities, health service, public complaints, SisPAA},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-273,
title = {Situational Analysis of Measles Cases Among Population in WPKL \& P for 2018.},
author = {Rosvinder Singh and Rohaya Ramli},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Measles is generally characterised by appearance of fever, diffuse maculopapular rashes and triad of cough, coryza and conjunctivitis with a high infectivity rate of up to 18. The incidence of Measles in Malaysia has risen from 197 cases in 2015 to 873/1 mil population in 2016. Despite the implementation of the national Measles Elimination Program (MEP) Measles still remain endemic with a triennial peak. Since 2015 the trend of Measles cases is on a rise in WPKL and Putrajaya. Methodology: Measles data from the Ministry of Health (MOH) e-measles and e-notification system was analysed from five districts under WPKL andP. RESULTS: A total of 169 confirmed Measles cases were identified from 931 notified cases with 11 Measles outbreaks recorded throughout 2018. Male and females were equally affected with Malays being predominant (87%). Majority of the cases were from the Titiwangsa district (38%). The most affected age group were children below the age of 6 (70%), 42% aged below one. From the affected population 39% were either un-immunised or had unknown vaccination status. DISCUSSION: Measles remains as a constant threat to the population. Vaccination coverage and pockets of unimmunised sub-population remains a major reason for this. Continuous efforts such as a three yearly supplementary immunization mopping up activity, strict laboratory surveillance system and raising awareness on the importance of vaccination would be the key step in reaching Measles elimination by 2025.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya},
keywords = {measles, Vaccine preventable diseases},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-274,
title = {SMART Plan of Action: To Set Good Outcome for The Public Health Division Programs at Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Health State},
author = {Mohd Ihsani mahmood and Amin Sah and Prem Kumar Balakrishnan and Nor Maizura Haron and Harish Raj Narandaran},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: By creating a clear course of action so that everyone can have a role in achieving a sustainability goals, the Public Health Division Plan of Action (POA) drives and coordinates efforts toward strengthen the well-being of the programs. Therefore, SMART model come into play in the development, to ensure the good impacts on the public health services. Purposely, aim to develop and establish the outcome-based indicators properties of the plan of action. METHODS: A novel approach to writing specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timed (SMART) indicator for each public health programs plan of action developed based on the extensive reviews guided by Sustainable Developmental Goal (SDG), 11th Malaysia Planned (RMK 11) and Ministry of Health (MOH) Strategic Plan for the year 2016 - 2020. Eighty items were initially pooled reviewed by the expert for face validity and quality dimension asessment. The established criteria of SMART POA (1) Outcome based indicator; (2) in line with the initiative RMK 11 and (3) strategic pillar as in MOH Strategic Plan. The Kappa agreement were measured for reliability. RESULTS: The result produced seventy-eight indicators as the POA for the Programs in Public Health Division. The expert agreed with the set strategy, key performance index, indicator, targets and its quality dimension for each indicator / POA. The Cohen’s kappa (?) was 0.730 (p=0.000), represent high strength of agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The plan of actions with its promising outcome-based indicator properties is now available to measure the impact of public health division programs based on designated strategies.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation:},
keywords = {Outcome-based indicator, Plan of action, Public Health Division, SMART Model},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-275,
title = {Smoking Prevalence Among Healthcare Personnel in Health Department of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya},
author = {Mohd Johan Jefri Mohd Johari and Siti Ramizah Ramli and Jaysina Ayu Jaafar Siddek and MBBChB and Noriklil Bukhary Ismail Bukhary and Nor Aini Abdullah and Amir Aiman Azman and Dip},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Many tobacco interventions are carried out by Health Department of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya (JKWPKL\&P) to ensure Kuala Lumpur andPutrajaya Smoke Free Cities (KL\&PBAR) is achieved by 2045. Unfortunately, some healthcare personnel are also smoking thus become another barrier to these tobacco interventions. This study aims to determine the prevalence of smoking and the socio-demographic among the healthcare personnel in JKWPKL\&P. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected through the KL\&PBAR program in JKWPKL\&P from January till April 2018. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking among 2910 staffs included in the study was 7.1%; 4.2% smoked cigarette, 0.6% smoked vape and 2.3% smoked both. The prevalence of smoking among males was significantly higher than female (29.3% vs 0.4%). Highest smoking prevalence was seen among those aged 20-29 years, other ethnicities, secondary school graduates, staffs from grade 1-18 and district office. Males, lower educational attainment, grade below 41 and aged below 40 years were significantly associated with smoking. Among cigarette smokers, we found that topmost described curiosity (33.0%), various reasons (31.3%), peer pressure (26.9%) and stress (8.8%) as the factors contributing to smoking. Meanwhile, vapers described vape as a method to quit smoking (41.0%), healthier and safer alternative (20.5%), peer pressure (19.2%), cheaper (12.8%), following trends (5.1%) and stress (1.3%). Interestingly, almost 90% of smokers agree on KL\&PBAR. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of smoking among healthcare personnel is low, tackling this issue is important as we do not want to send mix messages about smoking to the public.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Non-Communicable Disease Unit, Health Department of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya (JKWPKL\&P), 2Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 3Malaysian Healthcare Performance Unit, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {healthcare personnel, smoke free, smoking},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-276,
title = {Socio-Demographic Factors and Self-Rated Oral Health Associated with Geriatric Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Malaysia},
author = {Habibah Yacob and Mohamad Fuad Mohamad Anuar and Nurulasmak Mohamed and Norazizah Ibrahim Wong},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The aging of Malaysian society has increased interest in improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the elderly, including their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aims to evaluate the OHRQoL of elders living in Malaysia and to explore the socio demographic factors and self-rated oral health towards their OHRQoL. METHODS: This is a national cross-sectional survey with complex survey study design. A stratified cluster sampling was used with minimum sample size required 3,542 elderly aged 60 years and above. Interviewed questionnaires were performed to collect information on the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated oral health and General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) score. Bivariate analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. RESULTS: Response rate was 97.2%. The mean GOHAI score was 52.37 (95%CI: 51.68, 53.06). Better OHRQoL was seen for psychosocial impacts domain with the highest mean (SE) score which was 4.57 (95%CI: 4.52 4.61) as compared to physical function domain and pain and discomfort domain. Sociodemographic factors such as living in the rural area, living together with spouse/partner, other bumiputeras, having no formal education and earning income less than RM1,000 were found to be significantly associated with OHRQoL (p\<0.001). Those with poor self-rated oral health or poor self-rated general health also had a low OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: The OHRQoL of the elderly in Malaysia is at a fair level, with a minimum impact caused by the sociodemographic factors, but with a significant influenced by self-rated oral.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Epidemiology and Oral Health System Research, Oral Health Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {Elderly, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), Self-rated Oral Health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-277,
title = {Sociodemographic Characteristics of Older Persons by Strata in Malaysia: Findings from NHMS 2018},
author = {Norazizah Ibrahim Wong and Rajini Sooryanarayana and Ruhaya Salleh and Sheleaswani Inche Zainal Abidin and Rahimah Ibrahim and Mohd Azahadi Omar and Tahir Aris},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malaysia is expected to be an aged nation in 2030 when the total elderly population reaches 5.82 million or 15.3% of the total population. The aim of this study is to describe sociodemographic characteristics of older persons by strata in Malaysia. METHODS: A stratified cluster sampling design was used in this survey to ensure national representativeness of the Malaysian older population. A descriptive analysis was done on both continuous and categorical data. RESULTS: There were 3,977 respondents aged 60 years old and above in this study to represent 3.2 million older person population in Malaysia. 42.5% of them resided in urban areas compared to 57.5% in rural areas. Their mean age was 68.30±6.95 years. The results showed a slightly higher proportion of females in the older age groups, compared to males, in line with the feminisation of ageing experienced. Malays (73.8%) and Bumiputras (15.1%) group showed higher proportions in rural areas compared to in urban areas, whereas there were more Chinese (32.6%) and Indian (7.1%) ethnic groups in urban areas compared to in rural areas. Higher education levels were documented by urban dwelling elderly with 11.5% having tertiary education. The results also showed the rural dwelling elderly were still employed (29.8%), whereas 78.2% of the unemployed resided in urban areas. The majority of older person received less than RM1,000 in a month, higher in rural than urban areas. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will assist healthcare policy making decisions in preparation an aged nation in 2030.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Institute for Public Health (IPH), National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Elderly, NHMS 2018, older person, sociodemographic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-278,
title = {Spatio-Temporal Diffusion Pattern and Hotspot Detection of Dengue in Kuala Penyu, Sabah},
author = {Mohd Hazrin Hasim},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study presents a GIS approach to analyse the spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue epidemic. The major objective of this study was to examine spatial diffusion patterns and hotspot identification for reported dengue cases in Kuala Penyu, Sabah. METHODS: Data related to dengue cases were gathered from the Sabah State Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Geospatial analysis was applied to further study the spatio-temporal patterns of dengue fever cases in data set, including hot spot/cold spot analysis and geographically weighted regression models. RESULTS: Spatial and temporal variation of dengue cases was observed in the geographic areas affected by dengue cases. This study demonstrated that the locally-acquired dengue cases have exhibited a spatial and temporal variation over the past twenty years in tropical district of Kuala Penyu, Sabah. There is a clear evidence for the existence of statistically significant clusters of dengue and these clusters. CONCLUSION: This study presents useful information related to the dengue outbreak patterns in space and time and may help public health departments to plan strategies to control the spread of disease. The methodology is general for space-time analysis and can be applied for other infectious diseases as well.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health},
keywords = {Dengue, Geographic Information System (GIS), outbreak},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-279,
title = {Study of Social Support and Factors Affecting Efforts in Improving the Quality of Life for Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis},
author = {Pariyana and Iche Andriyani Liberty and Muhammad Aziz and Gresi Elyantari},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Decreased quality of life of TB patients can have a negative impact on the continuity of therapy which cause therapy failure. The quality of life of pulmonary TB patients is important to be evaluated in various aspects starting from the aspects of physical well-being, psychology, social and environmental relations. The purpose was to examine social support and influencing factors that influence the efforts on quality of life of pulmonary TB patients. This observational research used cross sectional design. The population for this study was all pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Palembang City. This study obtained a total sample of 111 people. The quality of life was measured by the Indonesian WHOQOL-BREFF questionareand the results were obtained by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis using the 22 SPSS. From the 111 respondents it was obtained a good percentage of (71,7%) for quality of life of tuberculosis patients in Palembang City Health Centerand poor percentage of (28.83%). There was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics (age, sex, BMI, education, employment status, and marital status), blood pressure, history of diabetes, and history of smoking with the quality of life. There is a significant relationship between duration of treatment, family support, friend support, and community support with the quality of life of tuberculosis patients (p value \<0.05). Patients with tuberculosis with poor family support have the opportunity to have a poor quality of life of 86.18%.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia},
keywords = {Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Quality of Life, social support, sociodemographic characteristics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-280,
title = {Study On Weight Management Program Trim \& Fit and Intervention Among Police Officers in Royal Malaysia Police Kuala Lumpur},
author = {MUHAMMAD ASYRAF ISMAIL and NOR AZAH AHMAD},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of overweight adults in Kuala Lumpur (NHMS 2015) was 33.7%, and obesity 14.9%. Police officers are one of the major workers in Kuala Lumpur. There is no such weight management program being held to police officer before. This study aims to identify the effect of weight management module to police officers. METHODS: 27 police officers with body mass index of 25kg/m2 and above were chosen on a voluntary basis. InBody measurement, talks, individual counseling, and outdoor physical activity was done monthly, while gymnasium or cardio exercises were carried out daily for one hour for six months. RESULTS: About 26.7% (n=4) of the male participants and 25.0% (n=3) of the female participants managed to reduce their body weight between 1.0 kg to 6.0 kg, while 53.3% (n=8) of male participants and 66.6% (n=8) of female participants managed to lose weight between 6.1 kg to 12.0 kg. Meanwhile, 20.0% (n=3) of male participants and 8.3% (n=1) of female participants lose weight above 12.1 kg. There are 12 participants (44.4%) change their nutritional status from obese to overweight and two participants (7.4%) changed from overweight to normal. There is a positive significant difference before and after program for blood pressure, glucose level, waist circumference, and fat percentage. DISCUSSION: Weight Management Program Trim andFit manage to reduce weight, body fat, and improve the nutritional status of the police officer. Thus, Weight Management Program Trim andFit can be applied for police officers respectively, with the aim to expand nationwide.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Health Department of Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya},
keywords = {obesity, overweight, weight management},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-281,
title = {Substance Use Trends Among Adolescent in Malaysia; Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey in 2012 and 2017},
author = {Hasimah Ismail and Thamil Arasu Saminathan and Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani and Halizah Mat Rifin and Azhairin Ahmad and Nur Liana Ab Majid and Tania Gayle Robert lourdes and Tahir Aris},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Concerns exist that substance use can expose adolescents to serious health problems. This study explores the trend of substance use (current cigarette smoker, current alcohol drinker, current drug user) among adolescents in year 2012 and 2017. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2012: Malaysia School-based Student Health Survey 2012 and National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017: Adolescent Survey 2017 Malaysia in 2017 were used to compare the prevalence. RESULTS: The current cigarette smoker prevalence was 22.4% among male and 5.3% for female in the year 2017; an increase of 1.5% and 3.2% point respectively compared to 2012. Prevalence of current alcohol drinker among male adolescent was 12.8% in the year 2017; an increase of 1.6% compared to the year 2012. While female had current alcohol drinker prevalence of 7.7% in the year 2017; an increase of 1.2% compared to the year 2012. Prevalence of drug use among male was 5.3% (an increase of 3.1% compared to year 2012) and among female was 1.5% in 2017 (an increase of 0.7%). DISCUSSION: This study shows that prevalence of substance use has increased among adolescent in the past half-decade. Male adolescent had higher percentage increase in the prevalence of current drinker and current drug use, while female showed higher percentage increase in current cigarette smoker prevalence. Frequent campaigns and educational seminar to promote healthier lifestyle among adolescents is necessary to combat this rising trend of substance abuse among adolescent in Malaysia.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, Institute for Public Health},
keywords = {adolescent, alcohol, drug, Malaysia, smoking, Substance use},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-282,
title = {Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents: Does Family and Peer Support Play a Role?},
author = {Noor Ani Ahmad and Fazly Azry Abdul Aziz and Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak and Norhafizah Sahril and Nik Adilah Shahein and Chan Ying Ying and Norain Ab Wahab and Rasidah Jamaluddin and Rajini Sooryanarayana},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Suicide is the leading cause of death among young people globally. Risk and protective factors play a critical role in suicide prevention. This study aimed to identify the relationship between family and peer support with suicidal ideation among adolescents in Malaysia. METHODS: Data from the 2017 Adolescent Health Survey, a nation-wide school-based survey, using 2-stage cluster sampling design was analysed. The survey used validated self-administered anonymous Global School-based Student Health Survey and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, DASS-21 questionnaires. The survey targeted school-going adolescents age 13-17 years. RESULTS: Overall response rate was 89.0%. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among school-going adolescents in Malaysia was 10.0% (95% Confidence interval: 9.2, 10.8). Adolescents with positive parental connectedness and bonding were 25% and 24% less likely to have suicidal ideation. Other protective factors are “stay with both parents” and “have close friends” which showed 13% and 53% less risk of suicidal ideation. In contrast, suicidal ideation was significantly higher among girls, those from urban area, who were depressed, felt lonely, having anxiety, been bullied, abused physically or emotionally at home and those who consumed alcohol. DISCUSSION: Family and peer supports were found as important protective factors against suicidal ideation among adolescents in Malaysia. Identifying the risk and protective factors can provide areas of emphasis for interventions that help prevent suicide. Strategies and activities should be planned to enhance family and peer cohesiveness while reducing modifiable risk factors.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Heath, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {close friend, parental connectedness, suicidal ideation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-283,
title = {Systematic Review Protocol: The Effectiveness of Vaccination and Good Hygiene Practice among Food Handlers in Prevention of Typhoid Fever},
author = {Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Typhoid fever is a vaccine preventable disease caused by Salmonella typhi that spreads through contaminated food and water. The incidence in developing countries is still a public health problem due to overcrowded living, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices. The aim of study was to identify the number of typhoid incidents among food handler who took typhoid vaccination and applied good hygiene practices. Methodology: Articles with study design of observational studies (cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies) and Randomized Control Trial will be reviewed. All studies until January 2019 will be retrieved. Our intervention will involve vaccination and good hygiene practice among food handlers. Any good hygiene practice such as performing hand hygiene before and after food service, carrying out pest control screening (flies screen) and use of safe water (chlorination) for food serving will be included as intervention. We will obtain the relevant articles according to the keywords using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Hindari and EBSCO. Research team members will independently screen all abstracts and full-text, included and excluded studies using PRISMA-P. A descriptive data analysis using IBM Software SPSS Version 23 will be performed. RESULTS: The outcome of interest will be the incidence of typhoid fever among food handlers in different settings such as among those who took vaccination and those who applied good hygiene practices.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {food handlers, hygiene practice, systematic review protocol, typhoid fever, vaccination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-284,
title = {Teeth for Life: Trends of Elderly Aged 60 With 20 Or More Natural Teeth (2005 -2017)},
author = {Zainab Shamdol},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Older people present with higher number of missing teeth and lower number of remaining natural teeth. Studies have shown that tooth loss are associated with reduction in physical, psychological and social function as well as the ability to chew. Elderly with 20 and more natural teeth had better OHRQoL compared to elderly having less than 20 natural teeth. Over the years, the Ministry of Health (MoH) are committed to provide oral healthcare services at all stages of life so as to ensure better OHRQoL are achieved in the aging population. This report describes the trends of elderly Malaysian age 60 years old with 20 and more natural teeth, average number of natural teeth and edentulism from year 2005 to 2017. METHODS: Service data were obtained from the e-reporting Health Information Management System (HIMS). These impact indicators were monitored annually. RESULTS: There is increasing proportion of 60 years old with 20 and more natural teeth from 30.6% (2005) to 41.4% (2017). Similar trends were seen on the average number of natural teeth from 13 (2005) to 16.9 (2017). On the contrary, edentulism status are reducing each year from 16.0% (2005) to 8.2% (2017). DISCUSSION: There is a steady improvement of proportion of elderly age 60 years old with 20 and more natural teeth. However, data is limited to elderly seen by the primary oral healthcare in MoH. The National Oral Health Target of 60% of 60 years old with 20 and more natural teeth by 2020 is still far reaching.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Oral Health Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {20 and more teeth, 60 years old, edentulism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-285,
title = {The 10 Years Situational Analysis of Malaria Cases in Keningau District.},
author = {Misra Helma Firdaus and Ahmad Akmal and Madin Marang and Richard Moran and Connielia Joseph and Abdul Marsudi Manah and},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Human Malaria caused by four different species of plasmodium. The National Elimination Strategic Programmes (PSEMK) of Human Malaria has been introduced since 2010 as part of Health Ministry effort to ensure fully eliminated. Currently, Keningau is in progress of eliminating and at the same time prevention of re-introduction of Human Malaria. Based on geographical distribution, Keningau surrounded by the reserved forest and bordering of Kalimantan, Indonesian which attribute one of the highest malaria cases in Sabah. Besides, the locals are working at the endemic countries of malaria also contributing the numbers of cases. METHODS: A 10-year cross-sectional study under Keningau District Health Office from year 2008- 2018. RESULTS: The 10-year data was analysed from 2008-2018, all cases including human and zoonotic malaria. Whereby malaria zoonotic is increased while human indigenous is reducing tremendously. Mostly our Human Malaria contribute by imported cases. Keningau divided into 12 mukims, based on stratification of malaria, there are significant changes in 2013, where seven out of 12 mukims are green. Last mortality cases were reported at Keningau in 2010. CONCLUSION: PSEMK been divided into three phases (Pre-elimination, Elimination and Prevention Re-introduction of Malaria. Keningau Health District is in line and currently at the 3rd phases. However, the imported cases are a main threat, without early screening and good control measures it can be re-introducing to local community and subsequently ruin this programmed. Based on our practice and co-operation inter agencies, we are ready to eliminate malaria at Keningau in 2020.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Unit Rancangan Kawalan Penyakit Berjangkit Bawaan Vektor (RKPBV), Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Keningau, Pejabat Kesihatan Kawasan Keningau. Sabah.},
keywords = {Human Malaria, Keningau, malaria, Malaria imported, PSEMK},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-286,
title = {The Association Between Medication Adherence and Uncontrolled Hypertension},
author = {Tan Hooi Shyuan and Ahmad Azuhairi Ariffin and Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli and Feisul Idzwan Mustapha},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The aim of hypertension treatment is to reduce cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality. Medication adherence is a major cause of treatment failure. This study aimed to assess the association between medication adherence and uncontrolled hypertension. METHODS: A health clinic based unmatched case control study with 1:1 ratio was conducted among 334 hypertensive patients from a district of Penang. Cases were hypertensive patients with uncontrolled hypertension (BP?140/90mmHg), while controls were those with controlled hypertension (BP\<140/90mmHg), selected by simple random sampling from appointment list. The independent variables were sociodemographic data, clinical factors and medication adherence. Data collection was done with validated interviewer assisted questionnaires and medical record reviews. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 59 years (SD=11), with majority were females (60%) and Malays (53%). Most had hypertension for less than five years (44%), with comorbidity (60%), were overweight or obese (80%), on two or more antihypertensive agents (55%), and once daily medication regime (92%). More than half of respondents (57%) were found to have poor medication adherence, which was among 83% of cases, and 31% of controls (p\<0.001). Simple logistic regression showed poor medication adherence increased the odds of uncontrolled hypertension by 11 times compared to good medication adherence (OR: 11.29, 95%CI: 6.69, 19.05). Those using two or more antihypertensive agents increased the odds of uncontrolled hypertension by 1.6 times compared to those on single antihypertensive agent (OR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.05, 2.51). CONCLUSION: Improving medication adherence is vital in tackling uncontrolled hypertension.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: 1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, 2Ministry of Health, MalaysiaMinistry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {case control study, hypertension, medication adherence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-287,
title = {The Benefits of Palm Oil for Human Health},
author = {Kanga Rani Selvaduray},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {About 85% of palm oil produced is used in food applications and continuous effort is needed update and share the benefits of palm oil for human health. Research on nutritional benefits of palm oil over the past three decades, have demonstrated the nutritional properties of palm oil and its products. Numerous studies have demonstrated that palm oil exhibited similar effects as unsaturated oils with regards to the effects on blood lipid parameters. Palm oil has also been shown to be a healthy alternative to partially-hydrogenated fats containing trans-fatty acids which have been demonstrated to have deleterious effects on health especially cardiovascular disease risks. It is hypothesized that the similar effects of palm oil on blood lipids, which is comparable to other vegetable oils could be due to the structure of the major triglycerides in palm oil and the positional distribution of its fatty acids, namely unsaturated fatty acid in the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Additionally, palm oil is rich in phytonutrients beneficial to health, such as tocotrienols, carotenoids and phytosterols. An updated overview of studies on palm oil and palm phytonutrients will be presented.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Malaysian Palm Oil Board},
keywords = {carotenoids, health, lipid, nutrition, palm oil, phytonutrients, tocotrienols},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-288,
title = {The Changing Incidence of Dengue Fever in Hulu Langat, Selangor: A 5-Year Registry-Based Analysis},
author = {Lina F. Ramli and Nor Faiza MT and Rosilawati Salleh and Zailiza Suli},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, is a significant threat for the mankind in both developing and developed countries. Dengue virus infection is a systemic disease and has dynamic change in clinical phase. This research aimed to study the epidemiology of dengue with reference to demographic profile, circulating serotypes and complications. METHODS: A literature survey was conducted and demographic data between 2014 and 2018 in e-Dengue registry were analysed to describe the epidemiology of dengue cases in Hulu Langat. RESULTS: The highest incidence rate, 254.3 per 100,000 populations was recorded in 2015 (n=14,939). Urban sub-districts (88.3%), male (57%), Malay (61.5%), age group 18-40 years old (51%) and landed house (61%) contributed most of the cases. Case-fatality rate increased from 2014 to 2017 (0.0018 to 0.0022) but decreased in 2018 (0.0014). Out of 114 mortalities, majority were male (53%), age 18-40 years old (46%) and Malay (63%). Complications recorded were liver failure (60%), renal failure (51%), encephalitis (18%) and myocarditis (18%). In year 2014-2015, DEN-1 serotype was dominantly reported (52.2% and 56.5%), shifted to DEN-3 in year 2016-2017 (34.8% and 43.4%) and DEN-2 in year 2018 (49.5%). DISCUSSION: Hulu Langat, being hyperendemic, the occurrence of multiple organ involvement following dengue infections has become a frequent finding. The study emphasizes the need of epidemiological and entomological surveillance to monitor trends in dengue distribution, seasonal patterns and circulating serotypes to guide dengue control activities, especially in rapidly growing urban and suburban areas.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Hulu Langat District Health Office, Kajang, Malaysia, Department of Community Medicine, Kuliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia},
keywords = {Dengue Fever, Epidemiology, Hulu Langat, Malaysia, Selangor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-289,
title = {The Determinant of Early Menarche Among Junior High School Girls},
author = {Azrimaidaliza and S.KM and M.KM and Fitri Nia and S.Gz and Juliana Putri Dwiyana and S.Gz and Fitrah Illahi and S.Gz and Rauza Sukma Rita and Ph.D},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Consuming more food sources of energy and macro nutrients above the recommendation, lower physical activity and mother role have consequences to early menarche among girl teenagers, then related to the risk of degenerative disease at the later age. The objective of the study is to analyse the factors that related with early menarche among junior high school girls. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was undertaken among girls in two junior high school in Padang, Indonesia by using questionnaires from May until June 2018. The data was analysed by Independent-t test. RESULTS: A total of 159 junior high school girls were participated in this study. Early menarche was identified in 23.3% girls. Of 22.6% girls was identified as overweight status. There was an association between food intake, physical activity and age at menarche of mother with age at menarche of girls. Early menarche was significantly higher consuming protein (p=0.001), consuming fat (p=0.0001), more frequent of fast food (p=0.0001), lower physical activity (p=0.030), early age at menarche of mother (p=0.0001) among junior high school girls. DISCUSSION: Food intake, including fast food intake and physical activity are the modifiable factors that have much attention according to age at menarche among girl teenagers.},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Faculty of Public Health, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia},
keywords = {age at menarche of mother, food intake, junior high school girls, physical activity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
@proceedings{APCPH-2019-290,
title = {The Effect of Food Supplementation On Nutritional Status of School Children in Solok City},
author = {Desmawati and Idral Purnakarya and Septy Nora and Dera Elva Junita},
year  = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Food supplementation is one of the national programs to improve the nutritional status in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of food supplementation on the nutritional status of elementary school children in Solok, West Sumatra. METHODS: This research was an experimental study with pre and post-test design. The samples were 70 elementary students, 10-12 years old. Food supplement was given 30 times with an average nutritional value of 335 kcal of energy and 9.6 grams of protein. Bivariate analysis using the T-test-One Sample Test. RESULTS: Food supplement was given for 30 times, six times a week. There was an increase in normal nutritional status from 74.7% to 84.3% and there was a decrease in und