Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Contacts who are exposed to infective pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients are at substantial risk of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). The prevalence of active TB among contacts to PTB patients was 3.5-5.5%. The incidence of active TB is highest in the first year and remains above background incidence for at least 5 yrs after exposure to a patient with TB. The objective of this study is to determine the causes of low yield among PTB smear positive contacts in Kuantan. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study consists of hundred PTB smear positive cases in Kuantan in the year 2018. Data were obtained from the electronic disease registration system (MyTB) and from patientÂ’s record. Data was analysed using SPSS. RESULTS: From hundred index cases, 994 contacts identified. The overall yield for active TB among contacts was 0.22%. The defaulter rate for first screening was 9%, 84% at second screening, 90% at third screening and 94% at fourth screening. Only 38% of contacts classified as household contacts, 54% were occupational contacts, 7% were other relatives while 0.5% was social contacts. CONCLUSIONS: Low yield of active TB among PTB smear positive contacts contributed by high defaulter rate and lack of contact prioritization. Pertaining to its highly contagious nature, adequate contact investigation and management is mandatory for all PTB smear positive cases. Early diagnosis of active TB among contacts lead to less severe disease and stop further transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to others.
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@proceedings{APCPH-2019-105,
title = {What Causes Low Yield Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Smear Positive Contacts in Kuantan? - Key for Improvement},
author = {Shahdattul Dewi Nur Khairitza Taib and Mohamed Sapian Mohamed and Nor Azlina Abdullah and Muhammad Khaidir Aripin and Nazirah Jusuh and Noor Azurah Wan Chik and Fatimah A. Majid},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-22},
urldate = {2019-07-22},
journal = {6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Public Health 2019 Proceedings},
issue = {6},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Contacts who are exposed to infective pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients are at substantial risk of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). The prevalence of active TB among contacts to PTB patients was 3.5-5.5%. The incidence of active TB is highest in the first year and remains above background incidence for at least 5 yrs after exposure to a patient with TB. The objective of this study is to determine the causes of low yield among PTB smear positive contacts in Kuantan. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study consists of hundred PTB smear positive cases in Kuantan in the year 2018. Data were obtained from the electronic disease registration system (MyTB) and from patientÂ’s record. Data was analysed using SPSS. RESULTS: From hundred index cases, 994 contacts identified. The overall yield for active TB among contacts was 0.22%. The defaulter rate for first screening was 9%, 84% at second screening, 90% at third screening and 94% at fourth screening. Only 38% of contacts classified as household contacts, 54% were occupational contacts, 7% were other relatives while 0.5% was social contacts. CONCLUSIONS: Low yield of active TB among PTB smear positive contacts contributed by high defaulter rate and lack of contact prioritization. Pertaining to its highly contagious nature, adequate contact investigation and management is mandatory for all PTB smear positive cases. Early diagnosis of active TB among contacts lead to less severe disease and stop further transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to others.},
note = {Type: ORAL PRESENTATION; Organisation: Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Pahang, Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Kuantan},
keywords = {Active tuberculosis, defaulter rate, household contacts, occupational contacts},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}