Abstract
Introduction: Understanding the dynamics of infectious disease transmission in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya can provide important insights into its various confounding factors. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) is known to affect healthcare-seeking behavior, access to healthcare, test strategies, disease notification, and workload at public health authorities but may also lead to a true change in the transmission dynamics of other infectious diseases under surveillance. This study aims to determine the 10-year trend of infectious diseases under surveillance in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and the impact of NPIs implemented during the pandemic on the transmission of endemic diseases.
Method: It is an observational study on all notifiable infectious diseases in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya between 2013 to epidemiological week 22/2022. Data on weekly cases were retrieved from web-based GIS systems used by the Ministry of Health which include E- Notis, E-Denggi, SM2, NAR, and MyTB. A trend analysis was conducted to plot the trends of diseases over the decade as well as against the various time frames of the non-pharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic.
Results: In this 10-year study period, 2019 recorded the highest number of registered infectious diseases (24,672) with Dengue contributing to 63% of this total. There was a declining trend of 33% and 71% of overall cases reported in 2020 and 2021 respectively. Two years into the pandemic, in 2021, case numbers decreased across all disease categories except for Chikungunya which increased by 9700%. Case numbers decreased the most for HFMD, Dengue, Measles, Pertussis, Gonorrhoea, and Leptospirosis. The less affected infections were HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. A post-pandemic surge of HFMD cases and ILI consultation rate was notable. Discussion: A change in the trend of notifiable infectious diseases under surveillance was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of NPIs. A build-up of susceptibility during the control period may have contributed to a post-pandemic surge. Longer NPI may overlap with seasonal peaks forcing larger future outbreaks. Further in-depth studies are important in order to understand each factor and its impact on the dynamics of infectious diseases transmission for improved holistic public health interventions to ensure the endemicity of all diseases is sustained.
Links
- https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-1.pdf
- https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed1909[...]
BibTeX (Download)
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-1,
title = {10-year transmission dynamics of endemic infectious diseases in Kuala Lumpur \& Putrajaya and impacts of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on its trends},
author = {Harpreeta Kaur A/P Ajit Singh and Yuvashini Devy and Rosvinder Singh},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-1.pdf
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/10-year-transmission-dynamics-of-endemic-infectious-diseases-in--7f55bcb3a4803c7baace115c2ea08bbe.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Understanding the dynamics of infectious disease transmission in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya can provide important insights into its various confounding factors. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) is known to affect healthcare-seeking behavior, access to healthcare, test strategies, disease notification, and workload at public health authorities but may also lead to a true change in the transmission dynamics of other infectious diseases under surveillance. This study aims to determine the 10-year trend of infectious diseases under surveillance in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and the impact of NPIs implemented during the pandemic on the transmission of endemic diseases.
Method: It is an observational study on all notifiable infectious diseases in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya between 2013 to epidemiological week 22/2022. Data on weekly cases were retrieved from web-based GIS systems used by the Ministry of Health which include E- Notis, E-Denggi, SM2, NAR, and MyTB. A trend analysis was conducted to plot the trends of diseases over the decade as well as against the various time frames of the non-pharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic.
Results: In this 10-year study period, 2019 recorded the highest number of registered infectious diseases (24,672) with Dengue contributing to 63% of this total. There was a declining trend of 33% and 71% of overall cases reported in 2020 and 2021 respectively. Two years into the pandemic, in 2021, case numbers decreased across all disease categories except for Chikungunya which increased by 9700%. Case numbers decreased the most for HFMD, Dengue, Measles, Pertussis, Gonorrhoea, and Leptospirosis. The less affected infections were HIV, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. A post-pandemic surge of HFMD cases and ILI consultation rate was notable. Discussion: A change in the trend of notifiable infectious diseases under surveillance was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of NPIs. A build-up of susceptibility during the control period may have contributed to a post-pandemic surge. Longer NPI may overlap with seasonal peaks forcing larger future outbreaks. Further in-depth studies are important in order to understand each factor and its impact on the dynamics of infectious diseases transmission for improved holistic public health interventions to ensure the endemicity of all diseases is sustained.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Surveillance Unit, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Health Department, Malaysia},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}