Abstract
Introduction: Hand hygiene is one of the most critical, simplest and cheapest measures in reducing both the spread of health care associated infection and multidrug-resistant organisms, hence improve patient safety and reduce healthcare cost. World Health Organization (WHO) has developed Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) tool to assist individual countries or health facilities to assess and track the progress in hand hygiene improvement initiatives. The tool was designed using a multi modal improvement strategies approach, focusing on 5 key components as well as Leadership criteria. Leadership criteria have been identified to recognise facilities that are considered a reference centre and contribute to the promotion of hand hygiene through research, innovation and information sharing.
Methods: Malaysia healthcare facilities from public and private were invited to participate in the survey using the WHO HHSAF questionnaire form through online platform. The questionnaire was divided into 5 components and 27 indicators of improvement measures i.e. system change (hand hygiene infrastructure), training and educational activities, performance monitoring and feedback, reminders in workplace and institutional safety climate . The highest point for each component is 100. The overall hand hygiene performance for each health facilities was categorized into INADEQUATE (0-125 points), BASIC (126-250 points), INTERMEDIATE (251-375 points) and ADVANCE (376-500 points). Hospitals in ADVANCE category are qualified to proceed with additional component that is Leadership. The maximum points for this criteria are 20. The period for data collection was from January to April 2019. Statistical and descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft Excel.
Results: 126 hospitals participated in the survey where majority were public hospitals (122), 3 private hospitals and 1 teaching hospital. The overall HHSAF scores for public hospitals were between INTERMEDIATE and ADVANCED level with median score of 450. All 3 private hospitals achieved ADVANCED level with a median score of 455. Meanwhile, teaching hospital achieved INTERMEDIATE level with a median score of 337.5. The median score for the components of Training and education, Evaluation and feedback, and Reminders in the workplace were 90, 95 and 95 respectively. The lowest median score for the HHSAF components were the systems change (85) and institutional safety climate (85). High proportion of hospitals were qualified for the leadership level (79%). Discussion: This study provides an opportunity to reflect on existing resources and helps to identify key issues which require further consideration and improvement. Majority of participating hospitals have achieved substantial level in each of the component. It is recommended that this study to be conducted annually to monitor hand hygiene multi modal improvement activities and necessary interventions be taken to strengthen patient safety.
Links
- https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-5.pdf
- https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed1909[...]
BibTeX (Download)
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-5,
title = {A Nationwide Survey on the Hand Hygiene Improvement in Malaysia Hospitals Using the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) Tool},
author = {Suraya Amir Husin and Nor Farah Bakhtiar and Nor Hayati Ibrahim and Noor Amelia Abd Rasid and Sara Sofia Yahya and Shahnaz Md Nor and Suhaily Othman and Norhanida Sharifuddin and Che Liza Che Abdullah},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-5.pdf
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/POSTER-HHSAF-2019-for-APCPH-1e96a408d717ca817e4173bf69b9728f.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Hand hygiene is one of the most critical, simplest and cheapest measures in reducing both the spread of health care associated infection and multidrug-resistant organisms, hence improve patient safety and reduce healthcare cost. World Health Organization (WHO) has developed Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) tool to assist individual countries or health facilities to assess and track the progress in hand hygiene improvement initiatives. The tool was designed using a multi modal improvement strategies approach, focusing on 5 key components as well as Leadership criteria. Leadership criteria have been identified to recognise facilities that are considered a reference centre and contribute to the promotion of hand hygiene through research, innovation and information sharing.
Methods: Malaysia healthcare facilities from public and private were invited to participate in the survey using the WHO HHSAF questionnaire form through online platform. The questionnaire was divided into 5 components and 27 indicators of improvement measures i.e. system change (hand hygiene infrastructure), training and educational activities, performance monitoring and feedback, reminders in workplace and institutional safety climate . The highest point for each component is 100. The overall hand hygiene performance for each health facilities was categorized into INADEQUATE (0-125 points), BASIC (126-250 points), INTERMEDIATE (251-375 points) and ADVANCE (376-500 points). Hospitals in ADVANCE category are qualified to proceed with additional component that is Leadership. The maximum points for this criteria are 20. The period for data collection was from January to April 2019. Statistical and descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft Excel.
Results: 126 hospitals participated in the survey where majority were public hospitals (122), 3 private hospitals and 1 teaching hospital. The overall HHSAF scores for public hospitals were between INTERMEDIATE and ADVANCED level with median score of 450. All 3 private hospitals achieved ADVANCED level with a median score of 455. Meanwhile, teaching hospital achieved INTERMEDIATE level with a median score of 337.5. The median score for the components of Training and education, Evaluation and feedback, and Reminders in the workplace were 90, 95 and 95 respectively. The lowest median score for the HHSAF components were the systems change (85) and institutional safety climate (85). High proportion of hospitals were qualified for the leadership level (79%). Discussion: This study provides an opportunity to reflect on existing resources and helps to identify key issues which require further consideration and improvement. Majority of participating hospitals have achieved substantial level in each of the component. It is recommended that this study to be conducted annually to monitor hand hygiene multi modal improvement activities and necessary interventions be taken to strengthen patient safety.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Medical Care Quality Section, Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia},
keywords = {hand hygiene, hand hygiene self-assessment framework, patient safety},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}