Abstract
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Baseline data on urban-rural disparities in NCDs risk factors are not well documented in the Malaysian setting. Objective: This project aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in northwest peninsular Malaysia and to determine the associated social, demographic and anthropometric risk factors. Methods: Liaison with Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia was established to obtain raw data from the NHMS 2019 survey on NCDs of interest for the state of Kedah, Perlis, Perak and Penang. Descriptive statistics were employed for selected variables and associated factors were determined from independent t -test or Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables, and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher 's exact test for categorical variables. Results: A total of 3,112 subjects from north-western Malaysian peninsular states were included in analysis. Majority was from the state of Penang (26.6%), followed by Perak (25.7%), Kedah (24.4%) and Perlis (23.2%). Among known diabetics, the duration of diagnosis was 9.1 ±7.41 years. Random capillary glucose testing found 326 subjects who were not known to be diabetics, had raised capillary glucose level (11.8%). Among this subpopulation, majority were female (54.9%) with the mean age of 50.3 ±15.04 years old, and a body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 ±5.90 kgm². Most were self-employed (27.3%). On the other hand, 591 (19.0%) subjects had been diagnosed with hypertension for a duration of 8.9 ±7.98 years. During on-site blood pressure assessment, 332 (14.3%) subjects who were not known to be hypertensive had raised either in systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Amongst them, the mean age was 53.5 ±15.83 years old with the mean SBP of 152.3 ±17.68 mmHg and the mean DBP of 89.2 ±11.20 mmHg. Majority were male (53.3%) with the BMI of 27.5 ±6.51 kgm² and were either self-employed (24.7%) or working in a private sector (21.4%). The prevalence of known dyslipidemics was 23.5% with the median duration of diagnosis 7.8 (IQR=7.00) years. Random capillary cholesterol testing found 699 (30.2%) subjects had raised total cholesterol level among those not known to be dyslipidaemic. Amongst them, the mean capillary total cholesterol level was 6.1 ± 0.88 mmol/L, majority being female (59.7%), age 48.6 ±15.65 years old, and a BMI of 26.4 ± 5.57 kgm². Majority were either self-employed (31.5%) or working in private sector (31.3%). With regards to urbanization status, 1,566 subjects resided in rural territories (50.3%). The effect of urban and rural living on selected demographic parameters, prevalence of selected NCDs and certain lifestyle habits is shown in Figure 1. Discussion/conclusion: In comparison to the national NHMS 2019 Malaysian data, the prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetics and dyslipedaemics are much higher in the north-western states. Although Malaysia has an established non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance that is adequate for WHO NCD Global Monitoring Framework reporting, there may still be areas that would benefit from structural and methodological strengthening. Hence, detailed mapping on the distribution of non-communicable diseases in specific Malaysian states may guide proper strategic planning for public health intervention.
Links
- https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-61.pdf
- https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed1909[...]
BibTeX (Download)
@proceedings{APCPH2022-P-61,
title = {Impact of urbanization and risk profiling for non-communicable diseases in northwest Peninsular Malaysia: Findings from NHMS 2019},
author = {Karniza Khalid and Khaironisak Haron and Amalina Anuar},
url = {https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APCPH2022-P-61.pdf
https://apcph.cphm.my/wp-content/uploads/wpforms/1176-1e04940bb5d885bf8711ed19095a89ed/ePoster-Karniza-Khalid-P61-Final-dd03cec320b3e435503fccf0da6bc8d0.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-02},
urldate = {2022-08-02},
issue = {7},
abstract = {Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Baseline data on urban-rural disparities in NCDs risk factors are not well documented in the Malaysian setting. Objective: This project aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in northwest peninsular Malaysia and to determine the associated social, demographic and anthropometric risk factors. Methods: Liaison with Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia was established to obtain raw data from the NHMS 2019 survey on NCDs of interest for the state of Kedah, Perlis, Perak and Penang. Descriptive statistics were employed for selected variables and associated factors were determined from independent t -test or Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables, and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher 's exact test for categorical variables. Results: A total of 3,112 subjects from north-western Malaysian peninsular states were included in analysis. Majority was from the state of Penang (26.6%), followed by Perak (25.7%), Kedah (24.4%) and Perlis (23.2%). Among known diabetics, the duration of diagnosis was 9.1 ±7.41 years. Random capillary glucose testing found 326 subjects who were not known to be diabetics, had raised capillary glucose level (11.8%). Among this subpopulation, majority were female (54.9%) with the mean age of 50.3 ±15.04 years old, and a body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 ±5.90 kgm². Most were self-employed (27.3%). On the other hand, 591 (19.0%) subjects had been diagnosed with hypertension for a duration of 8.9 ±7.98 years. During on-site blood pressure assessment, 332 (14.3%) subjects who were not known to be hypertensive had raised either in systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Amongst them, the mean age was 53.5 ±15.83 years old with the mean SBP of 152.3 ±17.68 mmHg and the mean DBP of 89.2 ±11.20 mmHg. Majority were male (53.3%) with the BMI of 27.5 ±6.51 kgm² and were either self-employed (24.7%) or working in a private sector (21.4%). The prevalence of known dyslipidemics was 23.5% with the median duration of diagnosis 7.8 (IQR=7.00) years. Random capillary cholesterol testing found 699 (30.2%) subjects had raised total cholesterol level among those not known to be dyslipidaemic. Amongst them, the mean capillary total cholesterol level was 6.1 ± 0.88 mmol/L, majority being female (59.7%), age 48.6 ±15.65 years old, and a BMI of 26.4 ± 5.57 kgm². Majority were either self-employed (31.5%) or working in private sector (31.3%). With regards to urbanization status, 1,566 subjects resided in rural territories (50.3%). The effect of urban and rural living on selected demographic parameters, prevalence of selected NCDs and certain lifestyle habits is shown in Figure 1. Discussion/conclusion: In comparison to the national NHMS 2019 Malaysian data, the prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetics and dyslipedaemics are much higher in the north-western states. Although Malaysia has an established non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance that is adequate for WHO NCD Global Monitoring Framework reporting, there may still be areas that would benefit from structural and methodological strengthening. Hence, detailed mapping on the distribution of non-communicable diseases in specific Malaysian states may guide proper strategic planning for public health intervention.},
howpublished = {published online at https://apcph.cphm.my},
note = {Type: POSTER PRESENTATION; Organisation: Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Non-communicable Disease Unit, Perlis State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia},
keywords = {Malaysia., non-communicable diseases, prevalence, Risk Factors, urbanization},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}